Nguyên nhân thắng lợi cuộc kháng chiến chống Nguyên - Mông của quân dân Đại Việt thế kỉ XIII

us tai:

TRUONG DL).I HQC MO THANH PHO HO CHI MINH

KHOA XHH & CTXH

NGANH DONG NAM A HQC

LE THJ HONG TUONG

A A �

NGUYEN NHAN THANG LOI

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,... , .z:.. ,r. I\. "

CUOC KHANG CHIEN CHONG NGUYEN - MONG

"'1 A A .-.. � ?

CUA QUAN DAN llt).I Vl�T THE KI XIII

KHOA LUAN TOT NGIDEP

" ' . ..., , " . ,

CHUYEN NGANH VAN HOA DONG NAM A

KHOA 2007 - 2011

GVHD: Dinh Kim Phuc

Tp. H6 Chi Minh, thang 08 nam 2011

BS c6 thS hoan thanh kh6a lu�n t6t nghi�p v6i dS tai "Nguyen nhan th�ng

lqi CUQC khang chiSn ch6ng Nguyen - Mong cua quan dan D;;ii Vi�t thS ki XIII",

toi chan thanh cam on dSn giang vien hu6ng dfin la ThAy Dinh Kim Phuc da giup

d6' va hu6ng dfin toi hoan thanh kh6a lu�n t6t nghi�p nay. Va toi cung xin cam

on dSn t§.t ca cac thAy co cua khoa Dong Nam A h9c da chi d;;iy, giup d6' toi

trong su6t 4 nam h9c t;;ii mai truong D;;ii h9c Mo.

Sinh vien thi;rc hi�n

Le Thi H6ng Tuong

MUCLUC

. .

Trang

LOI MO DAU ............................................................................................................ 1

1. Li do chqn d� tai .................................................................................................... 1

2 L. h • JC su ? ng h"' 1en cuu , van A dA e.................................................................................... . 1

3. D6i tucrng va ph�m vi nghien CU11 ......................................................................... 2

4. PhuO'ng phap nghien CU'U ...................................................................................... 2

5. Y nghia khoa hqc va y nghia th\fc ti�n ................................................................ 2

I. • 6. Bo C\I.C de tai. .......................................................................................................... 3

PHAN NQI DUNG ................................................................................................... 4

�

ChuO'ng 1 BOI CANH ? LJCH S u � THE KI ? XIII ..................................................... .4

1.1 SO' lucre cac giai do�n ljch SU' tir khi thanh lip qu6c gia Van Lang d�n

th� Id XIII ............................................................................................................ 4

1.2 B6 i canh ljch SU' th� Id XIII ................................................................................. 7

1.2.1 D{l,i Vift th€ ki XIII ........................................................................................ 7

1.2.2 Di ch€ Nguyen - Mong - Sv hinh thimh va phat triln ............................... 10

ChuO'ng 2 BA LAN KHANG CHIEN CHONG QUAN NGUYEN - MONG -

NGUYEN NHAN THANG LQI ........................................................... 15

2.1 Di�n bi�n va k�t qua ha I§n khang chi�n ch6ng quan Nguyen - Mong ......... 15

2.1.1 Khang chi€,, ch8ng qunn Xlllll lll'!)'C Mong ciJ Uin thfr nha.t nam 1258 ....... 15

2.1.2 Khang chi€n ch8ng qunn Xlllll lll'!)'C Nguyen lfm th{r hai nam 1285 ........... 16

2.1.3 Khang chi€n ch8ng quiin xiim lll'!)'C Nguyen [.in th{r ha nam 1288 ............. 20

2.2 Nguyen nhan thiing lq'i CUQC khang chi�n ch6ng Nguyen - Mong cu.a quan

dan D�i Vi�t th� Id XIII .................................................................................... 22

2.2.1 Thdng l!)'i cita cu{k khang chi€n ch8ng Nguyen - Mong la thdng l!)'i

cita kh8i il{l,i iloan kit toan dnn ......... : ......................................................... 22

2.2.1.1 Boan kift trong triJu ctinh ...................................................................... 27

2.2.1.2 Boan kift giiia tu611g lfnh va binh sf.. ................................................ : .... 28

2.2.1.3 Boan kit giiia C(lC Zang xii. ..................................................................... 29

2.2.2 Cu{k kha11g chii11 cua 11hilll dull ta la ch{nh 11gh'la - khang chii11 hiio Vf

11€11 il{)c lij,p dun t{)c ..................................................................................... 29

2.2.2.1 Lich sir nuac ta duai thai Ly- Trdn pluit trdn nu;mh va C(lC vua thai

Ly- Trdn aiu quan tam baa v¢ adt llUO'C, giaa d11,c long yeu nuac cha

nhan dan va binh s'i ............................................................................... 30

2.2.2.2 Vo ng{fa xam [U(JC cita quan Nguyen - Mong tran khdp Chau A khi ain

nuac ta bi that bqi biri chu ngh'ia yeu nuac ........................................... 33

' ' ' 2 2 3 N: h A th At h ? 3 J • A t h t ' • • ?0 ? t o A 7' A

. . g f U{l c 1 u{IO c,11e11 ran a, g101 cua neu .L ran ............................. . 3 6

2.2.3.1 Ngh¢ thu(j.t chi aqa chitn lu()'c ............................................................... 36

2.2.3.2 Ngh¢ thu(j.t chidn thu(j.t ......................................................................... .43

ChU'O'ng 3 Y NGHiA LfCH SUV A BAI HQC KINH NGHl¢M TRONG

XAY Dl/NG VA BAo v:¢ T6 Qu6c Hl¢N NAY ........................... .45

3.1 Y nghia qch sir ................................................................................................... 45

3.1.1 Thiing l(li cua ha Lan khang chiin ch8ng Nguyen -Mong cua du11 t{)c ta

llll hao Vf vfrng ch6c nin a{)c fij,p dun t{)c, aij,p tan um mU'U thOll t{nh

' '

Luu dai cua ile quoc Nguyen -Mong ......................................................... .45

3.1.2 Thiing l(li cua ha Lan khang chiin ch8ng Nguyen -Mong khong chi

hiio vj vimg chiic 11€11 il{)c lij,p dun t{)c ma cim giup ilif, t{lo iliiu kijn thuij,n

l!)'i cho vijc hiio Vf il{)c lij,p cac quac gia trong khu V{l'C Dong Nam A ........ 46

3.1.3 Nhirng kinh nghijm cua triiu Tran trong ha Lan khang chiin ch8ng

Nguyen -Mong van cim giir nguyen gia tr;, van tiip t(lC soi sang

S{I' ng/tijp XllY d{l'ng Va hao Vf T/, qu8c hijn nay ....................................... .46

3.2 Bai h9c kinh nghi?m trong xay d\fng va bao v? T6 qu6c hi?n nay ................. .49

3.2.1 Di xuy d{l'ng thanh cong TJ qu8c Vijt Nam xa h{)i chu nghfa va hiio vj

virng chiic 11€11 il{)c lij,p dii11 t{)c, ilirimg Lai cua Dii11g, chfnh sach cua Nha

lllrtYC phai tang CU'O'ng JuJ'n 11fra Vi SU'C 11l{lllh CUa kh8i ll{li i/oan kit toan

diin .............................................................................................................. 49

3.2.2 Trell CO' SO' SU'C lll{lllh kh8i ll{li iloa11 kit dan t{)c can phiii mO' r{)11g cac mai

quail hf qu8c ti i/J kit h!fp SU'C 11l{lllh d6n tpc Vin SU'C 11l{lllh t/tifi ll{li Vl

? ' A A A d , b ? A '7'A A

cong cupc xay {l'llg va ao Vf .Lo quoc ...................................................... . 51

3.2.3 Tai niing lanlt ll{lO cua triiu Trim la mvt trong nhi'mg nguyen 111,an th&ng

[(Ii cua ha tan klufog cltiin ch8ng Nguyen -Mong. Vi V{lY trong tinh hinh

ltifn nay al xay dvng va bao vf TB qu8c, Dang ta can co du'irng /Bi dung

a&n ngang tam voi nltifm V{I cua mvt Dang cam quyin ............................. 52

3.2.4 Bai hpc nh{ln tltirc ....................................................................................... 53

KET LU4N ......................................................................................................... 58

TAI LI¢U THAM KHAO .................................................................................. 60

1

LO.IMO DAU

1. Li do chon d� tai

Lich SU dan t9c ta la lich SU d§.u tranh bSn bi cua qua trinh d\fllg llUO'C va giu

nuac, da dS l?i nhung m6c son choi l9i, Ia ban anh hung ca vs qua trinh dfiu tranh anh

dung, kien cuong, bfit khufit cua m9t dan t9c Vi�t Nam nh6 be nhung d§.y khi phach.

Dan t9c ta trai qua biSt bao thang tr§.m va biSn d9ng, phai luon d6i d§.u voi cac thS Ive

ngo?i bang trong su6t chiSu dai lich su, dS l?i nhfrng tfim guong anh hung gful voi cac

CUQC khai nghfa va cac CUQC khang chiSn ma SU sach khong thS viSt hSt duqc. N6i b�t

trong nhfrng chiSn th�ng vang d9i d6 la chiSnth�ng cua quan dan nha Tr§.n trong su6t

ba mucri nam d§.u tranh ch6ng l?i dS qu6c hung m� Nguyen - Mong ma v6 ngµa cua

chung trai dai tu A sang Au nhung khi dSn Vi�t Nam, chung phai chu6c 1§.y thfit b?i,

T?i sao Vi�t Nam c6 tinh th§.n chiSn d§.u ngoan cuang nhu v�y? T?i sao Vi�t Nam c6

thS chiSn thfulg nhfrng ke thu Ian ill?nh g§.p b9i minh? DS tim hi Su nguyen nhan cua S\l'

th�ng lqi d6, chung toi quySt dinh ch9n dS tai "Nguyen nhan th�ng lqi CUQC khang

chiSn ch6ng Nguyen - Mong cua quan dan D?i Vi�t thS ki XIII". HiSu t?i sao m9t

nuoc nh6 nhu Vi�t Nam c6 thS lam cho quan gi�c phai cui d§.u, dS horn nay chung ta

thfiy tv hao hon vS que huong dfit nuoc, vS tinh thfin ch6ng gi�c ngo?i xam cua t6 tien

ta thai truoc.

2. Ljch sir nghien cU11 v§n d�

ThuQTig tuang, Giao SU Hoang Minh Thao voi cong trinh "Tim hiSu vs t6 tien ta

danh gi�c" duqc xufit ban nam 1985, viSt vs truySn th6ng quan S\l' Vi�t Nam trong lich

SU. Tac phAm lam n6i b�t tai thao luqc cua ong cha ta va khai quat nhfrng bai h9c kinh

nghi�m phong phu va da d?Ug vS m�t chi d?O chiSn tranh, ngh� thu�t quan S\! thong

qua cac cu9c chiSn tranh giai ph6ng va chiSn tranh bao v� T6 qu6c trong lich su dan

t9c.

Trung tuang, Giao su Ph?m H6ng Son voi cong trinh "Ngh� thu�t danh gi�c gifr

nuoc cua dan t9c Vi�t Nam", duqc xufit ban nam 1997. Tac gia da trinh bay nhffug vfin

dS quan tr9ng trong nhung CUQC chiSn tranh giai ph6ng va gifr nuoc cua dan t9c ta tu