Nghiên cứu rút ngắn thời gian kiến thiết cơ bản vườn cao su bằng phần bón tại Tây Nguyên

KHOA HOC CONG NGHE

IXIGHIEIM CliU RUT IMGAIV THOI GIAIM KIEIV THIET CQ BAIV

VUCriXI CAO S U BAIVG PHAIV BDIV TAI TAY IVGUYEIV

Tdng Viit Thinh\ Nguyin Danh^

TOMTAT

Mot he thong gom 2 thi nghiem phan bon da dugc thiet lap tren dat nau do bazan Mang Yang, tinh Gia Lai

va trfin dat xam pbii sa cd Kon Tum tai Tay Nguyen da dugc theo doi trong nhieu nam, tir 1996 den nay.

Qua nghien cuu da riit ra dugc nhieu kit qua huu ich co lien quan den sinh truong va san lugng cua cay

cao su. Sinh truong vanh va cac hoi qui co lien quan cho thay ring, nhu cau phan bon tren viing dat khong

thuan Igi Mang Yang Ion hon nhieu so voi viing dat thuan Igi Kon Tum. Ben canh do tren ca 2 loai dat, nhu

cau phan bon hang nam trong nam thii 3 va 4 gap 2,0-2,5 lan so voi cac nam ve sau. Cudi ciing, qua thu thap

sd heu nang suat mii trong 2 nam cao dau tien buoc dau cho thay hieu qua cua phan bon su dung trong

thoi ky kien thiet co ban da tiep tuc tac dong keo dai sang thai ky khai thae, viec ngung bon phan sau mot

nam chua anh buong den san lugng mu.

Tir khoa: Thai ky kien thiet ca ban, Tay Nguyen, Mang Yang-tinh Gia Lai, tinh Kon Tum.

LDATVANDE

Liiu lugng phan bdn theo qui trinh ciia Tdng

Cong ty Cao su VN (TCT) nam 1997 cho viing Tay

Nguyen dua tren mot liiu lugng khuyin clo ehung,

chua cd su phan biet giiia d e tiiu viing khIe nhau,

cblng ban giiia dIt dd vl dIt xlm Tay Nguyen.

Ngoli ra, phuong phip bdn phan theo chan nghiem

dinh duong (CNDD) ed triin vgng tang cao hieu qiia

kinh ti su dung phan bdn v6 co. Do vay, viec xlc

dinh lieu lugng phan bdn thich hgp giiia viing dIt dd

va dat xlm Tay Nguyen ciing nhu hieu qiia eiia

phuong phip bdn phan theo CNDD trong viec riit

ngan thdi gian KTCB II can thiit.

II. niOl DUniG VA PHUDNG PHAP NGHIEN CUU

1. Thdi gian nghien ciru, kieu bd tri thi nghiem

va nghiem thtic

Thdi gian nghien ciiu tiin hinh 11 nam, 1996

den 2007. Trong thdi gian kiin thiit eo ban (KTCB)

bd tri theo kiiu khdi du nglu nhien 5 nghiem thtic

(NT), 4 lan nhac lai: NTl: Khdng bdn; NT2: Bdn

blng 1/2 qui trinh ciia Tdng Cdng ty Cao su (TCT);

NT3: Bdn bang qui trinh TCT; NT4: Bdn gap ddi qui

trinh TCT; NT5: Bdn gap d6i quy trinh TCT. O Kon

Tum tir nam thii 4 bdn theo CNDD, d Mang Yang,

tinh Gia Lai tir nam thii 4-6 kh6ng bdn phan vl ttr

nam thii 7 bdn theo CNDD.

Trong thdi gian khai thIc bd tri theo kiiu 6 che,

10 NT, 4 lln nhac lai, vdi m6i NT trong thdi gian

' TS. Trung tam Nghien ciiu va Chuydn giao Ky thuat

Caosu-Tay Nguyfti:.

' TS. Pho truong doaa Dai bleu Quoc hoi tinh Gia Lai.

KTCB dugc tich llm d6i, mot nua tiip tuc bdn, ragt

nua khong bdn.

2. Cac ehi tieu quan trac

Do sinh trudng vanh de b gde 1 met vl dong san

lugng mii cao su tren ele cay da dugc dinh diu ed

dinh tren timg 6 eo sd.

3. Phuong phap xu li sd Ueu

CIc sd lieu dugc phan tich phuong sai, tinh toln

d c tham sd thdng ke thi nghiera, trie nghiera d e

trung binh nghiem thiic theo trie nghiem Duncan,

xay dung d e he sd tuong quan va phuong trinh hdi

qui theo chuong trinh SAS (Statistical Analysis

System, USA) vl Excel.

III. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN

Bang 1. Sinh trudng vanh (era)

TNNam

TNMY

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

TNKT

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Nghiem thiic

1

5,89c

8,70c

12,31c

16,62d

20,85d

26,76d

31,65d

35,45d

38,91d

6,99a

13,54c

20,85c

31,05c

40,29b

45,74b

50,15b

2

6,39b

9,84b

14,27b

21,17c

26,78c

34,40c

39,76c

44,62c

46,96c

7,32a

14,09bc

21,67bc

32,49bc

41,79b

47,10b

49,98b

3

6,84a

10,34a

15,30a

22,97b

28,71b

36,70b

42,67b

47,59b

49,83b

7,57a

14,75ab

22,67b

33,76ab

43,15ab

48,25b

51,52b

4

7,00a

10,36a

15,60a

24,02a

30,39a

38,23a

43,85a

49,07a

51,56a

7,73a

15,50a

24,42a

36,25a

46,22a

51,64a

54,97a

5

6,69ab

10,52a

15,56a

22,27b

27,45c

34,65c

40,49c

44,89c

47,31c

7,70a

14,74ab

22,69b

33,42bc

43,22ab

48,58b

52,28ab

NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - SO 6 - THANG 6/2010 123