Nghiên cứu pha chế chât phân tán dầu từ các hóa chất hoạt động bề mặt tổng hợp phù hợp với các đặc

HOA - CHE BIEN DAU KHI

J NGHIEN CQU PHA CHE CHAT PHAN TAN DAU TQ CA C HOA CHAT

HOAT OON G BE MAT T6N G HOP PHU HOP VOI OAC TRUNG

CUA DAU THO VIET NAM

TS. Pham Thi Le Na', TS. Vu Cong Thang^ ThS. Nguyin Minh Khoa'

ThS. Nguyen PhUcAig Thio',TS. Nguyin Anh Dilc',TS. Ik XuinQaP

KS.Tran Hong Phong"

' Vien Dau khi Viet Nam

'Bai hoc Dau khi ViitNam

^Dgi hoc Bdch khoaTp Ho Chi Minh

'lien doanh Viet-Nga "Vietsovpetro"

Email: [email protected]

Tdm tat

Ddu tho Viet Nam cd hdm lugng paraffin rdn vd nhiit dp ddng ddc khd cao nen mpt sd chdt phdn tdn thuang mai

dang siidung tgi Viit Nam chUa that suhiiuqudtrongxdiy ddu trdn.Bdibdogid^ thiiu nghiin ciiu pha chichatphan

tdn ddu tit cdc chdt hogt dpng bi mat pho biin cho hiiu qud phdn tdn cao han cdc chdt phdn tdn thuang mgi hiin cd

(tdi thiiu dgt 40%) doi vdi ddu tho cda VietNam (dgi dien Id ddu thd khai thdc tdmd Bgch Ho, Dgi HCing, TrUaoigSan￾Sdng Ddc), dSng thdi thdn thiin vdi mdi trUdng. Nhdm tdc gid cung ddnh gid sabp vi hiiu qud kinh ticda chdt phan

tdn pha chedugc dibudc ddu co casd sdn xudt vdi sd lugng Idn phuc vu cdng tdc i^gphd sued trdn ddu cda Tap doan

Ddu khi Viet Nam ndi chung vd cdc nhd thdu hogt dpng ddu khi ndi rieng.

Tdkhda: Chdt hogt ddng be mat, chdt phdn tdn, iing phd sUco tran dau.

1. Gidi thieu

Sued tran dau gay thiit hai nghiim trpng vekinh te￾xa hdi, trd thanh mdi de dpa ddi vdi mdi trUdng noi ehung

va cic he smh thai ndi rieng. Dau tran lam thay doi tfnh

chat ly hda eda moi trudng nUde, tang dp nhdt, giam ndng

dp oxy hi'p thu vao nUde... dan din thiit hai nghiem trpng

v l sinh vit biln, die biet la eac ran san hd va cac loai sinh

vat nhay elm vdi su thieu oxy. Do vay, viec giam thieu d

nhiem mdi trUdng do sU ed tran dau la mdi quan tam Idn

mang tinh toan eau.

Chat phin tin ed thanh phin ehu yeu gom cac ehat

boat dgng be mat, dung mdi va ehat on djnh. Moi phan

td eda chat hoat ddng b l mat cd 1 dau Ua nude (bi cac

phin td nude hut) va 1 dau ky nude (vda day nUde vda

hdt diu). Khi phun chat phan tin len dau trin, dung mdi

gidp chat hoat dpng b l mat tham nhap vao dau. Khi d

trong dau, chat hoat dong be mat di ehuyen den nai ma

diu gap nudc va djnh hUdng tai giao dien eua dau - nudc

lam gilm sde cing b l mat gida dau va nUde, giup cho

dau CO th i phan tan vao trong nude dUdi dang eac hat

nhu tuang. Cic chat boat dpng b l mat anion hay khdng

ion hay dUOc dung lam chat phan tan, tieu bieu nhU: eae

ester cua cae acid beo, eda sorbitan, cie mudi cua aeid

sulfosueeinic... Cic chat hoat ddng be mat cation khdng

duge sd dung do thudng ehda cac muoi amoni bae 4 vdn

40 DAU KHl SO 3/2015

ddc hai doi vdi nhilu sinh vat. Tham sd quan trong nhat

eua chat hoat dong be mat la hesdean bang Ua nUdc-ifa

dau (HLB). Cac chat hoat ddng b l mat ed the dung lam

chat phan tan can ed HLB td 9 -11 . Nhieu chat hoat d6ng

b l mat duac phdi hop vdi nhau theo ty le nhat dinh d l tao

thanh chat phan tin ed HLB mong mudn cd hieu qui cho

mot nhom ddi tUpng dau, sin pham dau nhat djnh. Cac

dung mdi tieu bieu gom phin doan ehung eat diu nhe,

dau hda, ethylene glycol, dlpropylene glycol mcnobutyl

ether, nude bien.

Cac CO sd dng phd sUcd tran dau va eae nha thIu hoat

dgng dau khf tai Viit Nam eung dy triJ mpt lugng chat

phan tan dau nhit djnh.Tuy nhiin, mgt sd chat phan tSn

dau dang dugccho phep sddyng tai Viet Nam ed hiiu qua

phan tan khong eac ddi vdi mpt so loai diu thd Viet Nam,

dac biit ta vdi dau tho Bach Hd - loai dau cd trd IdOng Ii3n

nhat va cd ham luong paraffin Idn, nhiet dd dong dac eao

(33 - 34°C). Chat phan tan dUOe dung nhieu nhit d Viet

Nam la Superdispersant 25 {SD-25) va Seagreen 805 cho

hieu qua phan tan 30 - 31% ddi vdi dau Bach Hd - Rdng.

Hliu qua phan tan cda SD-25 ddi vdi dau Chim Sio chi

dat 7% (bang phUOng phap binh lac), trong khi dd theo

tiiu chuan eda Cue Blo ve Moi trudng Hoa Ky (EPA) de e6

trong danh sach siJdyng de dng cdu sU cd trin dau, hieu

qua phan tan phli dat tdi thilu 45%.