New Perspectives on XML, Comprehensive

New Perspectives on XML, 3rd Edition, Comprehensive

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helped us to produce an outstanding text that will meet the needs of all our New Perspectives instructors and

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Textbook Reviewers

David Doering, St. Louis Community College

Ravinder Kang, Highline Community College

Diana Kokoska, University of Maine at Augusta

Barbara Rader, University of Maryland

Sheryl Schoenacher, Farmingdale State College

Dave Sciuto, University of Massachusetts—Lowell

John Whitney, Fox Valley Technical College

Dawn Wick, Southwestern Community College

“The third edition of New Perspectives on XML takes a practical approach to teaching the foundations of XML. It

provides real-world scenarios that allow students to work hands-on, applying XML concepts. The structure of each

chapter affords the student, whether online or in the classroom, a variety of learning activities designed to support

all learning styles. I have successfully used the New Perspectives on XML text for many years, teaching thousands of

students the practical purposes for XML. Success in using the text is measurable in the number of ‘Aha!’ moments

most students have thanks to clearly defined and explained concepts, numerous practical examples, and tutorials that

challenge their working knowledge of XML. This newest edition takes vital steps toward transforming the student of

XML into a working practitioner.”

—Dave Sciuto,

University of Massachusetts—Lowell

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Patrick Carey

Sasha Vodnik

New Perspectives on

XML

3rd Edition

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3rd Edition, Comprehensive

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“With the clear

instructions in this text,

students know exactly

what code to write and

where to place it. The

exercises enable students

to apply what they’ve

learned using realistic

business scenarios. I

would recommend this

text to anyone teaching

XML or learning it on their

own.”

—Dawn Wick

Southwestern Community

College

www.cengage.com/series/newperspectives

The New Perspectives Series’ critical-thinking, problem-solving approach is the ideal way

to prepare students to transcend point-and-click skills and take advantage of all that XML

has to offer.

In developing the New Perspectives Series, our goal was to create books that give students

the software concepts and practical skills they need to succeed beyond the classroom.

We’ve updated our proven case-based pedagogy with more practical content to make

learning skills more meaningful to students. With the New Perspectives Series, students

understand why they are learning what they are learning, and are fully prepared to apply

their skills to real-life situations.

About This Book

This book provides complete coverage of XML including the following:

• Using XSLT to transform XML data into HTML format

• Creating custom reports using XSLT 2.0 and XPath 2.0

• Designing database queries using XQuery

New for this edition!

• Each session begins with a Visual Overview, which includes colorful, enlarged figures with numerous callouts and key term definitions, giving students a comprehensive preview of the topics covered in the session, as well as a handy study guide.

• New ProSkills boxes provide guidance for how to use the software in real-world,

professional situations, and related ProSkills exercises integrate the technology skills

students learn with one or more of the following soft skills: decision making, problem solving, teamwork, verbal communication, and written communication.

• Important steps are highlighted in yellow with attached margin notes to help students

pay close attention to completing the steps correctly and avoid time-consuming rework.

System Requirements

This book assumes that students have access to a current browser that supports the viewing

of XML files and XML files transformed using XSLT. Current versions of the major browsers

support these features of XML with the exception of Google Chrome, which does not support

XML documents stored locally. The screenshots of web pages in this book were produced

using Internet Explorer 10 running on Windows 7 Professional (64-bit) and Internet Explorer 11

running on Windows 8.1 (64-bit), unless otherwise noted. Students who intend to validate

their XML documents in Tutorials 2 through 4 should have access to an XML validating parser,

such as Exchanger XML Editor, or to an online validation service. Students who intend to transform XML documents using XSLT should have access to an XSLT processor such as Exchanger,

XMLSpy or Saxon. The transformations performed in Tutorials 5 through 8 were done using

Saxon-HE (home edition) available free for Java or .NET at http://saxon.sourceforge.net.

Students who perform XQuery data queries in Tutorial 9 should have access to an XQuery processor. Such queries were performed in Tutorial 9 using Saxon-HE. Students who are using

processors other than Saxon should consult their processor’s documentation for specific installation and operation instructions.

Preface

iii

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KEY STE P

Visual Overview

iv New Perspectives Series

The New Perspectives Approach

Context

Each tutorial begins with a problem presented in a “real-world” case that is meaningful to

students. The case sets the scene to help students understand what they will do in the tutorial.

Hands-on Approach

Each tutorial is divided into manageable sessions that combine reading and hands-on, step-by-step

work. Colorful screenshots help guide students through the steps. Trouble? tips anticipate common mistakes or problems to help students stay on track and continue with the tutorial.

Visual Overviews

New for this edition! Each session begins with a Visual Overview, a new two-page spread that

includes colorful, enlarged figures with numerous callouts and key term definitions, giving

students a comprehensive preview of the topics covered in the session, as well as a handy

study guide.

ProSkills Boxes and Exercises

New for this edition! ProSkills boxes provide guidance for how to use the software in realworld, professional situations, and related ProSkills exercises integrate the technology skills

students learn with one or more of the following soft skills: decision making, problem solving,

teamwork, verbal communication, and written communication.

Key Steps

New for this edition! Important steps are highlighted in yellow with attached margin notes to

help students pay close attention to completing the steps correctly and avoid time-consuming

rework.

InSight Boxes

InSight boxes offer expert advice and best practices to help students achieve a deeper understanding of the concepts behind the software features and skills.

Margin Tips

Margin Tips provide helpful hints and shortcuts for more efficient use of the software. The Tips

appear in the margin at key points throughout each tutorial, giving students extra information

when and where they need it.

Assessment

Retention is a key component to learning. At the end of each session, a series of Quick Check

questions helps students test their understanding of the material before moving on. Engaging

end-of-tutorial Review Assignments and Case Problems have always been a hallmark feature of

the New Perspectives Series. Colorful bars and brief descriptions accompany the exercises, making it easy to understand both the goal and level of challenge a particular assignment holds.

Reference

Within each tutorial, Reference boxes appear before a set of steps to provide a succinct summary and preview of how to perform a task. In addition, each book includes a combination

Glossary/Index to promote easy reference of material.

apply

review

reference

insight

ProSkills

“New Perspectives texts

provide up-to-date,

real-world application of

content, making book

selection easy. The

step-by-step, hands-on

approach teaches

students concepts they

can apply immediately.”

—John Taylor

Southeastern Technical

College

Glossary/Index

Level Color Scheme

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XML 3rd Edition, Comprehensive v

Our Complete System of Instruction

Coverage To Meet Your Needs

Whether you’re looking for just a small amount of coverage or enough to fill a semester-long

class, we can provide you with a textbook that meets your needs.

• Brief books typically cover the essential skills in just 2 to 4 tutorials.

• Introductory books build and expand on those skills and contain an average of 5 to

8 tutorials.

• Comprehensive books are great for a full-semester class, and contain 9 to 12+ tutorials.

So if the book you’re holding does not provide the right amount of coverage for you, there’s

probably another offering available. Go to our Web site or contact your Cengage Learning

sales representative to find out what else we offer.

CourseCasts – Learning on the Go. Always available…always relevant.

Want to keep up with the latest technology trends relevant to you? Visit

http://coursecasts.course.com to find a library of weekly updated podcasts, CourseCasts,

and download them to your mp3 player.

Ken Baldauf, host of CourseCasts, is a faculty member of the Florida State University Computer

Science Department where he is responsible for teaching technology classes to thousands of

FSU students each year. Ken is an expert in the latest technology trends; he gathers and sorts

through the most pertinent news and information for CourseCasts so your students can spend

their time enjoying technology, rather than trying to figure it out. Open or close your lecture

with a discussion based on the latest CourseCast.

Visit us at http://coursecasts.course.com to learn on the go!

Instructor Resources

We offer more than just a book. We have all the tools you need to enhance your lectures, check

students’ work, and generate exams in a new, easier-to-use and completely revised package. This

book’s Instructor’s Manual, Cengage Learning Testing Powered by Cognero, PowerPoint presentations, data files, solution files, figure files, and a sample syllabus are all available on this text’s

Instructor Companion Site. Simply search for this text at login.cengage.com.

SAM: Skills Assessment Manager

Get your students workplace-ready with SAM, the premier proficiency-based assessment and

training solution for Microsoft Office! SAM’s active, hands-on environment helps students

master computer skills and concepts that are essential to academic and career success.

Skill-based assessments, interactive trainings, business-centric projects, and comprehensive

remediation engage students in mastering the latest Microsoft Office programs on their own,

allowing instructors to spend class time teaching. SAM’s efficient course setup and robust

grading features provide faculty with consistency across sections. Fully interactive MindTap

Readers integrate market-leading Cengage Learning content with SAM, creating a comprehensive online student learning environment.

www.cengage.com/series/newperspectives

Acknowledgments

I would like to thank the people who worked so hard to make this book possible. Special

thanks to my developmental editor, Pam Conrad, for her excellent hard work and dedication in

editing this text, and to my Content Developer, Kathy Finnegan, who has worked tirelessly in

overseeing this project and made my task so much easier with her enthusiasm and good humor.

Other people at Cengage Learning who deserve credit are Jim Gish, Senior Product Manager;

Christian Kunciw, Manuscript Quality Assurance (MQA) Supervisor; and John Freitas, Serge

Palladino, Danielle Shaw, and Susan Whalen, MQA testers.

Feedback is an important part of writing any book, and thanks go to the following reviewers

for their helpful ideas and comments: David Doering, St. Louis Community College; Ravinder

Kang, Highline Community College; Diana Kokoska, University of Maine at Augusta; Barbara

Rader, University of Maryland; Sheryl Schoenacher, Farmingdale State College; Dave Sciuto,

University of Massachusetts—Lowell; John Whitney, Fox Valley Technical College; and Dawn

Wick, Southwestern Community College.

I want to thank my wife Joan for her support during this project and for my six children to

whom this book is dedicated.

– Patrick Carey

Many thanks to everyone who helped in this revision. Pam Conrad, my sharp-eyed developmental editor, suggested improvements and asked a lot of important questions that helped me

immeasurably in tightening up the material. The good advice of Kathy Finnegan, my Content

Developer, kept me focused on the important aspects of the revision process, and she

sweated a lot of the small stuff so I didn’t have to. I’m also grateful to Jim Gish, the Senior

Product Manager, for keeping the faith during the evolution of this revision. The staff at GEX

Publishing Services made it all look amazing. And MQA testers Serge Palladino, Danielle

Shaw, and Susan Whalen read everything through, completed all the steps, and gave smart

feedback that removed many roadblocks for future users. Finally, thanks to my husband, Jason

Bucy, for encouraging me to balance diving deep into XML with stepping away from the computer, getting outside, and enjoying the world with him.

– Sasha Vodnik

vi New Perspectives Series

XML 3rd Edition, Comprehensive vii

Tutorial 1 Creating an XML Document. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 1

Developing a Document for SJB Pet Boutique

Tutorial 2 Validating Documents with DTDs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 65

Creating a Document Type Definition for Map Finds For You

Tutorial 3 Validating Documents with Schemas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 129

Creating a Schema for the ATC School of Information Technology

Tutorial 4 Working with Advanced Schemas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 195

Creating Advanced Schemas for Higher Ed Test Prep

Tutorial 5 Transforming XML with XSLT and XPath. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 251

Writing XML Data to an Output File

Tutorial 6 Functional Programming with XSLT and XPath 1.0. . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 323

Designing a Product Review Page

Tutorial 7 Building an XSLT Application. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 399

Working with IDs, Keys, and Groups

Tutorial 8 Building Applications with XSLT 2.0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 457

Exploring XSLT 2.0 and XPath 2.0

Tutorial 9 Exploring Data with XQuery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 529

Querying Sales Totals from a Database

Appendix A XML Schema Reference. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML A1

Appendix B DTD Reference. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML B1

Appendix C XSLT Elements and Attributes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML C1

Appendix D XPath Reference. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML D1

Appendix E Using Saxon for XSLT and XQuery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML E1

Appendix F Understanding Regular Expressions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML F1

Glossary/Index REF 1

Brief Contents

XML

viii New Perspectives Series

Session 1.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 22

Working with Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 24

Empty Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 25

Nesting Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 25

The Element Hierarchy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 26

Charting the Element Hierarchy . . . . . . . . . . XML 28

Writing the Document Body . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 30

Working with Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 32

Using Character and Entity References . . . . . . . XML 35

Understanding Text Characters and

White Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 39

Parsed Character Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 39

Character Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 39

White Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 40

Creating a CDATA Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 40

Formatting XML Data with CSS . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 44

Applying a Style to an Element . . . . . . . . . . XML 45

Inserting a Processing Instruction . . . . . . . . . . . XML 46

Working with Namespaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 49

Declaring a Namespace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 49

Applying a Default Namespace . . . . . . . . . . XML 49

Session 1.2 Quick Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 51

Review Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 52

Case Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 54

Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii

Tutorial 1 Creating an XML Document

Developing a Document for SJB Pet

Boutique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 1

Session 1.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 2

Introducing XML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 4

The Roots of XML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 4

XML Today . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 4

XML with Software Applications and

Languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 5

XML and Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 5

XML and Mobile Development . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 6

Creating an XML Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 7

Standard XML Vocabularies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 8

DTDs and Schemas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 10

Well-Formed and Valid XML

Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 10

Creating an XML Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 11

The Structure of an XML

Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 11

The XML Declaration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 12

Inserting Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 14

Processing an XML Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 16

XML Parsers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 16

Session 1.1 Quick Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 21

Table of Contents

XML 3rd Edition, Comprehensive ix

Session 2.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 104

Introducing Entities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 106

Working with General Entities . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 106

Creating Parsed Entities................XML 107

Referencing a General Entity . . . . . . . . . . . XML 108

Working with Parameter Entities . . . . . . . . . . . XML 113

Inserting Comments into a DTD . . . . . . . . . . . XML 115

Creating Conditional Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 116

Working with Unparsed Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 117

Validating Standard Vocabularies . . . . . . . . . . XML 119

Session 2.3 Quick Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 121

Review Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 122

Case Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 123

Tutorial 3 Validating Documents with Schemas

Creating a Schema for the ATC School of

Information Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 129

Session 3.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 130

Introducing XML Schema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 132

The Limits of DTDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 133

Schemas and DTDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 133

Schema Vocabularies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 134

Starting a Schema File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 135

Understanding Simple and Complex

Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 137

Defining a Simple Type Element . . . . . . . . . . . XML 138

Defining an Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 139

Tutorial 2 Validating Documents with DTDs

Creating a Document Type Definition for Map

Finds For You . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 65

Session 2.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 66

Creating a Valid Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 68

Declaring a DTD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 71

Writing the Document Type Declaration . . . XML 74

Declaring Document Elements..............XML 75

Elements Containing Any Type of

Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 76

Empty Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 76

Elements Containing Parsed Character

Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 77

Working with Child Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 78

Specifying an Element Sequence . . . . . . . . . XML 78

Specifying an Element Choice . . . . . . . . . . . XML 79

Modifying Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 80

Session 2.1 Quick Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 83

Session 2.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 84

Declaring Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 86

Working with Attribute Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 89

Character Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 90

Enumerated Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 91

Tokenized Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 92

Working with Attribute Defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 95

Validating an XML Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 97

Session 2.2 Quick Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 103

x New Perspectives Series

Deriving Data Types Using Regular

Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 177

Introducing Regular Expressions . . . . . . . . XML 178

Applying a Regular Expression . . . . . . . . . . XML 180

Session 3.2 Quick Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 183

Review Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 184

Case Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 185

Tutorial 4 Working with Advanced Schemas

Creating Advanced Schemas for Higher Ed

Test Prep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 195

Session 4.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 196

Designing a Schema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 198

Flat Catalog Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 198

Russian Doll Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 200

Venetian Blind Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 202

Session 4.1 Quick Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 205

Session 4.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 206

Combining XML Vocabularies . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 208

Creating a Compound Document . . . . . . . XML 210

Understanding Name Collision . . . . . . . . . . XML 212

Working with Namespaces in an Instance

Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 213

Declaring and Applying a Namespace to

a Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 213

Applying a Namespace to an Element . . . . XML 215

Working with Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 217

Defining a Complex Type Element . . . . . . . . . XML 141

Defining an Element Containing Only

Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 142

Defining an Element Containing

Attributes and Basic Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 142

Referencing an Element or Attribute

Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 143

Defining an Element with Nested

Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 145

Defining an Element Containing Nested

Elements and Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 147

Indicating Required Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 150

Specifying the Number of Child

Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 152

Validating a Schema Document . . . . . . . . . . . XML 153

Applying a Schema to an Instance

Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 155

Session 3.1 Quick Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 159

Session 3.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 160

Validating with Built-In Data Types . . . . . . . . . XML 162

String Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 163

Numeric Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 164

Data Types for Dates and Times . . . . . . . . . XML 165

Deriving Customized Data Types . . . . . . . . . . XML 168

Deriving a List Data Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 170

Deriving a Union Data Type . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 170

Deriving a Restricted Data Type . . . . . . . . . XML 171

XML 3rd Edition, Comprehensive xi

Introducing XSLT Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 263

The Root Template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 263

Literal Result Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 264

Defining the Output Format . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 266

Transforming a Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 268

Running Transformations Using

Saxon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 269

Session 5.1 Quick Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 273

Session 5.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 274

Extracting Element Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 276

Using the for-each Element . . . . . . . . . . XML 280

Working with Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 281

Applying a Template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 282

Displaying Attribute Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 285

Combining Node Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 288

Session 5.2 Quick Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 291

Session 5.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 292

Inserting a Value into an Attribute . . . . . . . . . XML 294

Sorting Node Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 295

Conditional Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 297

Using Comparison Operators and

Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 298

Testing for Multiple Conditions . . . . . . . . . XML 299

Filtering XML with Predicates . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 302

Predicates and Node Position . . . . . . . . . . XML 303

Predicates and Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 303

Associating a Schema with a Namespace . . . . XML 219

Targeting a Namespace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 219

Including and Importing Schemas . . . . . . . XML 222

Referencing Objects from Other Schemas . . XML 223

Combining Standard Vocabularies . . . . . . . . . XML 225

Session 4.2 Quick Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 227

Session 4.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 228

Adding a Namespace to a Style Sheet . . . . . . XML 230

Declaring a Namespace in a Style Sheet . . XML 232

Qualifying Elements and Attributes by

Default . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 235

Session 4.3 Quick Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 239

Review Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 240

Case Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 241

ProSkills Exercise: Decision Making . . . . . . . . XML 248

Tutorial 5 Transforming XML with XSLT and XPath

Writing XML Data to an Output File . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 251

Session 5.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 252

Introducing XSL and XSLT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 254

XSLT Style Sheets and Processors . . . . . . . XML 254

Attaching an XSLT Style Sheet . . . . . . . . . . XML 255

Starting an XSLT Style Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 258

Introducing XPath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 259

Working with Nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 259

Absolute and Relative Location Paths . . . . XML 260

Text, Comment, and Process Instruction

Nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 262

xii New Perspectives Series

Accessing an External Style Sheet . . . . . . . . . XML 339

Including a Style Sheet.................XML 339

Importing a Style Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 339

Session 6.1 Quick Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 341

Session 6.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 342

Creating a Lookup Table in XSLT . . . . . . . . . . . XML 344

Working with Numeric Functions . . . . . . . . . . XML 347

Applying Mathematical Operators . . . . . . . . . XML 349

Numerical Calculations in XPath 2.0 . . . . . . XML 351

Formatting Numeric Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 351

Using the format-number() Function . XML 352

International Number Formats . . . . . . . . . . XML 352

Working with Text Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 355

Extracting and Combining Text Strings . . . XML 355

Formatting a Date String . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 356

Working with White Space ..............XML 360

Session 6.2 Quick Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 361

Session 6.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 362

Introducing Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 364

Setting a Global Parameter Value . . . . . . . . XML 365

Exploring Template Parameters . . . . . . . . . XML 367

Using Named Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 368

Introducing Functional Programming . . . . . . . XML 369

Understanding Recursion............... XML 371

Creating a Recursive Template . . . . . . . . . . XML 372

Session 6.3 Quick Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 384

Constructing Elements and Attributes

with XSLT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 307

Constructing an Element Node . . . . . . . . . XML 308

Constructing Attributes and Attribute

Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 309

Constructing Comments and Processing

Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 310

Session 5.3 Quick Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 312

Review Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 313

Case Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 315

Tutorial 6 Functional Programming with XSLT

and XPath 1.0

Designing a Product Review Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 323

Session 6.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 324

Using XSLT Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 326

Creating a Variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 326

Understanding Variable Scope . . . . . . . . . . XML 327

Applying a Variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 327

Referencing a Variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 329

Copying Nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 331

The copy Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 332

The copy-of Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 333

Retrieving Data from Multiple Files . . . . . . . . . XML 335

The document() and doc() Functions . XML 335

Applying the document() Function . . . . XML 336

Retrieving Data from a nonXML File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XML 338

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New Perspectives on XML, Comprehensive

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