Nâng cao giá trị gia tăng trong xuất khẩu

Dien dan doanh nghiep

Nang cao gia trj gia tang

trong xuat khau

Trong co cdu cde mdt indng xudt l<hdu ciiu iuc cua

Viet Nam hien nay, sdn piidm cdng nglniep ngdy

cdng ciiiem ti trpng Idn (ciiiem 60% tong l<im nggcl-i

xudt i<hidu cua cd nudc ndm 2009) vdi muc dp tdng

trudng co cdu tu 15%-20%/ndm, Tuy nh\en, mdt dieu

kindng l<lnd niidn ra id nhidm Iidng ndy ipi niiudn rdt

tiid'p, ipi tiiieu tinii ben vung. Vd neu l<tidng cd niiung

budc dieu ciiinh ddu tu hpp IT, thi l<hdng chi hien tpi

md trong tuong lai gdn, Viet Nam vdn chi id xudng gla

cdng Idp rdp, id bdi thdi cdng nghiep cua the gidi.

TRAN TRONG TRIET

Cong nghe cao thua... thii cong

Vdi hon 80% nguyen lieu, phu

kien nhap khau, nen mac dd giiy

da va may mac la hai mat hing cd

tdng kim ngach xua't khau cao,

thu hut hang trieu lao ddng trong

ea nudc, song lgi nhuan vin rat

thap so vdi chi phf dau tu. Tuong

tu nhu vay, nganh che bien dd gd,

mdi nam dat kim ngach xuit khiu

td 2,5-3 tl USD vdi chi sd tang

trudng rat cao 30-35%/nam,

nhung hon 2/3 la nguyen lieu

nhap khiu. CI nude cd hon 2

nghin DN sin xuit kinh doanh

chd bidn dd gd, nhung chua cd

mdt DN nio chu ddng dugc

ngudn nguyen lieu. Nhin sang

nginh ed "ham lugng" cdng nghe

cao 11 dien td, mdi nam kim

ngach xuat khau dat trdn 2 ti

USD, song cung ehi "vd beo" nha

diu tu nude ngoii. DN ndi dia vdi

tiem luc tai chfnh, cdng nghe,

nhan lue han hep, vin "an phan"

vdi vai trd gia cdng lip rap. Dd 11

chua ke mdt so mat hing chang

the canh tranh xuit khiu, ehu yeu

tieu thu ndi dia cung nam trong

tinh trang nay nhu: dtd, xe miy,

miy tfnh... ti le ndi dia hda ehua

dat dugc 10%. Trong khi dd, nhin

sang nhdm hing thu cdng my

nghe, tuy khdng ddng gdp kim

ngach ldn, song lai cd gia tri gia

3^p*iL^

tang kha cao. Do nguydn vat lieu,

dugc thu lugm td phd lieu va thd

lieu eua ndng, lam san ndn hieu

qua xua't khau nhdm hang niy rit

cao, ed nhung mat hing thu cdng

my nghe hau nhu dat 100% gia tri

xuit khiu, cdn lai cung dat trdn

80% gii tri kim ngach xuit khiu.

Udc tfnh cd 1 trieu USD xuat

khiu cua nginh thu cdng my nghe

mang lai gii tri gia tang gip 5-10

lln so vdi nginh khai thic. Khdng

nhiing vay, xua't khau hang thu

cdng my nghe cdn giup xa hdi thu

hdi mdt bd phan chat thai ndng

nghiep sau che bien vl thu hoach,

gdp phan tfch cue cho viec bao ve

mdi trudng va phit tridn kinh td

da't nudc.

Tai caiu true de tang lgi nhuan

va'n dd Viet Nam ein lim gi

dd nang cao gii tri gia tang trong

xuit khiu la bai toan dang dat ra

cho ndn kinh te. Theo phan tfch

cua TS Le Dang Doanh, chuyen

gia kinh td cao elp: td nam 2000-

2007, san phim xua't khau eua

Viet Nam chi cd khoang 5% la

hing cdng nghe cao, 10% la hing

cdng nghe trung binh, 40% hing

ndng thuy san chua qua ehe bien,

27% 11 hing cdng nghe thip.

Didu ding luu y la gin nhu co cau

xuit khiu niy khdng cd gi thay

ddi trong hon 10 nam qua, chi so

kinh td tri thdc thip nhat khu vuc,

trong khi chung ta ed tidm nang

rat ldn vd linh vuc niy. De tang

cudng nang luc canh tranh, Viet

Nam cin •vugt qua 3 rao can quan

trgng, dd 11 diy manh xay dung

ha ting, dio tao ngudn nhan lue,

cai cich the che. Cle DN cung

cin ddi mdi thiet bi cdng nghe,

giim tieu ton nang lugng trong

san xua't, bdi vi hien nay, de tao ra

lUSD cua GDP, Viet Nam da phai

tdn lugng dien nang bang 4,65 lan

so vdi Hdng Kdng, 2,1 lln so vdi

Han Qud'c va khoang 1,37-1,6 lln

so vdi Thii Lan, Malaysia.

Dai dien cao elp cua Quy tidn

te qud'c te (IMF) tai Viet Nam, dng

Benedict Bingham mac du tin

tudng vao su hdi phuc nhanh cua

kinh td chau A vl Viet Nam,

nhung dng cung eho ring, trong

thdi didm niy, Viet Nam cin can

nhie that ky khi su dung ddng

vd'n, uu tien diu tu vao nhiing du

In hieu qua nhit va phan dinh du

an nao thude khu vuc cdng, du an

nao thude khu "vue tu, can dd'i tai

san, ng chfnh phu; diy nhanh ed

phin hda DNNN khdng can nam

giQ de tang cudng ngudn vd'n dau

tu cho linh vue khac. Ben canh do,

mat bang lai sua't tfn dung cua

14 I Thui' Nha NUdc • so 3i (293) - KY 3'8,2oio