Một vài quan niệm về giáo dục tính cách học sinh trên thế giới

MDI VAI QUAN NIlM Vl GIAO DUC TJNH GACH HUG Si i IDfll lUl GlOl

O PGS.TS. NGUYEN DUG QUAN G - ThS. NGUYEN VA N GIANG*

1. Quan niem ve gido dye tinh cdch hqc

sinh trong bdi cdnh hien nay

Theo Tien sT Thomas Lickono, gido dye tinh

cdch (GDTC) Id mdt nd lye ed ehu y de giup mqi

ngudi hieu, quan fdm vd hdnh dqng tren co sd

nhdng gid tri dqo d(rc cdt Idi (1).

Hien nay, hdu hit cdc qudc gia tren th i gidi

diu rdt chu trqng viee GDTC cho cdng ddn cua

nudc minh. Cdc nhd gido dye (GD), nhd trudng

vd phy huynh hqc sinh (HS) cung coi trqng viec

GD gidi tre trd thdnh nhung ngudi vua cd «tdi"

Iqi vuo cd «duc". Nhilu ndi dung dqo due duqc

xdy dyng, Idng ghep vdo chuong trinh GD chinh

quy nhdm ddm bdo cho ngudi hqc duqc nudi

dudng nhung gid trj cdt Idi, cd khd ndng xu li

vdn d l dyo tren nin tdng tu duy vd dqo due.

Tu nhdn thuc dd, GDTC duqc xem nhu Id mdt

chiln dich qudc gio nhdm ddo tqo th i he tre

thdnh nhung ngudi cd dqo due, trdch nhiem,

liem chinh, ki ludt, bilt tdn trqng bdn thdn, tdn

trqng ngudi khdc vd nhung gid trjxd hdi... GDTC

cho HS cung Id gidi phdp ddi hqn nhdm gidi

quyet nhung vdn d l dqo due vd hqc thudt dong

cdng trd thdnh vdn d l Idn ddi vdi xd hdi chung

ta nhu tinh trqng nghi hqc d HS, tinh trqng vd ki

luqt, te nqn mo tuy, mong thai d vj thdnh nien,

bqo lye, hqc hdnh kem... Cd nhilu cdch de GDTC

cho HS, nhung cd le li tudng nhd't Id Idng ghep

nhung gid tri tich cyc cuo GDTC, dqo due vdo

mqi khia cqnh cuo cdc hoqt ddng thudng nhdt

dien ro trong nhd trudng.

Nhu vdy, cd the ndi, GDTC Id mdt thudt ngu

rong duqc su dyng de md td viec gidng dqy HS

thdnh nhung cdng ddn vdn minh vd ljch Idm todn

cdu. Mdt tinh cdch tdt the hien d viee ngudi

dd hieu, quan fdm de'n vd hdnh ddng theo nhdng

gid tri dqo due co bdn. Vi vdy, cdch tiep can

tdng the ddi vdi viec phdt then tinh each ehinh

Id viee xdy dyng tdt ed cdc mat nhdn thdc,

tinh cdm vd hdnh vi cua ddi sdng dqo due

cua mot nhdn cdch. Hien nay, rdt nhilu qudc

gio dd duo GDTC thdnh vdn bdn ludt vd bdt budc

tdt cd cdc trudng hqc phd thdng phdi thyc hien

Tap chi Giao due s6 23 9 (ki i .6/2010)

nghiem ngdt vd dp dyng he thdng kiem dinh chdt

luqng chdt che.

2. Myc tieu, ndi dung, cdch thuc GDTC

1) Ve myc tieu GDTC. Su menh vd myc tieu

cuo chuong trinh GDTC d nhieu qudc gio Id khd

gidng nhou; tuy nhien, cdc myc tieu dd diu xoay

quonh viec Idm the ndo de ddo tqo ro cdng ddn

cd tinh cdch tdt dyo tren nen tdng cuo nhung gid

trj cdt Idi vd nhung phdm hqnh de trd thdnh mot

ngudi cd tinh cdch tdt, chdng hqn: Liem chinh vd

trung thyc Id khdi ngudn cua tdn trqng sy that,

phdt then tri tue; Ldng fy trqng Id khdi ngudn cua

viec nhdn biet tiem ndng cua minh.

2) Ve ndi dung GDTC chinh Id sy phdt trien

kien thue, kT ndng vd khd ndng de giup ngudi

hqc duo ro nhung lyo chqn cd co sd vd trdch

nhiem. GDTC khuyen khich HS dd'i mdt vdi thyc

te cudc sdng, ddi hdi HS tu duy cd chilu sdu vd

hdnh ddng cd trdch nhiem. Tdi lieu, phuong phdp

vd chien luqe gidng dqy, khi duqc Idng ghep

vdo cdc trnh vyc hqc tdp chuyen mdn se tqo co

hdi cho HS khdm phd vd ty phdn dnh bdn thdn

de dqt duqc nhung gid tri tdt nhd't dya tren sy tdn

trqng phdm gid con ngudi.

Tuy vdo dilu kien vd tinh hinh GD d mdi qudc

gio md ndi dung chuong trinh GDTC duqc de ra

eho phu hqp. Tuy nhien, nhin mot cdch khdi qudt,

ndi ciung chuong trinh diu duqc xdy dyng xoay

quonh nhung gid tri vd phdm hqnh de tqo nen

con ngudi cd nhdn cdch tdt. Cd the khdi qudt mdt

khung GDTC hodn chinh nhu sou: - A^pt tuyen bd

ve su menh Id tuyen bd sue tich vd ngdn gqn de

diln td nhung nguyen tdc vd li tudng chung cuo

nin vdn hda vd cy the hdo kit qud mong mudn

cua chuang trinh GDTC; - Mdt tap hqp cdc phdm

hqnh cdt Idi Id danh myc bieu trung cdc thdi quen

nhdt qudn md HS cdn the hien trong nin vdn hdo

d nhd trudng, gia dinh, vd xd hdi; - Mdi quan he

dd'i tdc vdi gia dinh vd cdng ddng Id nhung chien

luqe md nhd trudng dp dyng de kit hqp vd ho

trq cdc gio dinh trong viec nudi dudng nhung

* Vien Khoa hoc giao due Viet Nam