Một số biện pháp cải thiện mã quả xoài tròn và xoài hôi yên châu

T¹p chÝ KHKT N«ng nghiÖp 2007: TËp V, Sè 1: 3-7 §¹i häc N«ng nghiÖp I

Mét sè biÖn ph¸p C¶i thiÖn m· qu¶ xoµi Trßn vµ xoµi h«i Yªn

Ch©u

Some methods to improve fruit appearance of Tron and Hoi mango cultivars grown

in Yen Chau

Ph¹m ThÞ H−¬ng1

Summary

Tron and Hoi are the two special local mango cultivars of Yen Chau district, Son la province. They are

well-known over the country for their quality and flavor. The mango enterprise has become an important

source of income to local growers. However, with traditional extensive cultivation local growers often

produced fruits of poor external quality. Consequently, fruits were sold at very low price (1500 - 3000 VND

for one kg). To improve the fruit appearance and yields of these cultivars premature fruit included bagging

and artificial fruit ripening were tested in two experiments conducted in 4 homestead mango orchards in

Vieng Lan and Chieng Pan Communes during the 1st half of 2006. The data of the experiments showed

that bagging significantly reduced disease and pest infection, improved fruit weight and yields and also fruit

appearance compared with un bagged fruits. Artificial ripening of bagged fruits by dipping of green mature

fruits into the 0.4% solution of Ethrel during 20 minutes made fruit ripe faster with better external quality, at

the same time reduced weight loss and percentage of spoiled fruits during ripening. These cultural

practices can be offered to the local growers for partial improvement of the external fruit quality of Tron and

Hoi mangos.

Key words: Hoi - Tron mango cultivars, pre-harvest bagging, thinning, Yen Chau.

1. §Æt vÊn ®Ò

Xoµi Trßn vµ xoµi H«i lµ hai gièng xoµi

®Æc s¶n cña huyÖn Yªn Ch©u, tØnh

S¬n La. Kh«ng ai biÕt hai gièng nµy

®−îc mang ®Õn Yªn Ch©u tõ ®©u vµ

®−îc trång tõ bao giê. Ai ®· tõng mét

lÇn nÕm thö xoµi Yªn Ch©u th× khã cã

thÓ quªn ®−îc h−¬ng vÞ th¬m ngon rÊt

®Æc tr−ng cña nói rõng T©y B¾c.

Tuy nhiªn, do tËp qu¸n trång qu¶ng

canh, hÇu hÕt c¸c v−ên xoµi kh«ng

®−îc ch¨m sãc, dÉn ®Õn t×nh tr¹ng

c©y cã t¸n lín, cµnh rËm r¹p, s©u

bÖnh tÝch lòy nhiÒu tõ n¨m nµy qua

n¨m kh¸c, g©y h¹i nghiªm träng ®Õn

sinh tr−ëng cña léc vµ qu¶, ®Æc biÖt lµ

bÖnh th¸n th− vµ phÊn tr¾ng, ruåi ®ôc

qu¶, lµm cho m· qu¶ xÊu, gi¸ trÞ

th−¬ng phÈm thÊp, dÉn ®Õn gi¸ b¸n

thÊp (Ph¹m ThÞ H−¬ng 2004; Ph¹m

ThÞ H−¬ng vµ TrÞnh ThÞ Mai Dung,

2005). Tr−íc thùc tr¹ng ®ã viÖc t×m

kiÕm c¸c gi¶i ph¸p kü thuËt phï hîp

víi kh¶ n¨ng ®Çu t− th©m canh cña

ng−êi trång xoµi ®Þa ph−¬ng nh»m h¹n

chÕ t¸c h¹i cña s©u bÖnh, gi¶m thiÓu

sù rông qu¶ vµ c¶i thiÖn m· qu¶ lµ rÊt

cÇn thiÕt.

Trong 2 n¨m 2004 vµ 2005, mét sè

biÖn ph¸p kü thuËt t¸c ®éng nhanh ®Õn

viÖc t¨ng n¨ng suÊt vµ c¶i thiÖn m· qu¶

trªn gièng xoµi Trßn ®· ®−îc chóng t«i

thö nghiÖm ë x· S¹p V¹t vµ x· Tó Nang,

huyÖn Yªn Ch©u, trong ®ã biÖn ph¸p c¾t

tØa cµnh, tØa hoa, qu¶ vµ bao qu¶ ®· mang

1

Khoa N«ng häc, §¹i häc N«ng nghiÖp I.