Mô hình liên kết vùng đô thị hướng tới phát triển bền vững và nâng cao năng lực cạnh tranh quốc tế

Mo hinh lien ket vung do thj hiFang tai phat trien ben

vOng va nang cao nang ILFC canh tranh quoc te

Regional Coordination Models Towards Sustainable Development and Enhancement

of Regional Competitiveness

Ngay nhan bai: 03/12/2014

Ngay sij^ bai: 5/01/2015

Ngay chap nhan dang: 10/02/2015

Nguyen Trong Hoa

TC)M TAT:

Bii vilt nay gi6i thi^u t6ng quan ly thuyet

ve (i) khai niem va vai tro cua lien ket viing

do thj tren the gi6i va Viet Nam nham

hii6ng t6i muc tieu phat trien ben viing

vk nang cao nang bic canh tranh quoc te

ciia viing; (ii) ly thuylt ve mo hinh hin kit

viing do thi; iii) thiJc tien ve mo hinh hin

kit viing do thi tai Viet Nam, tii do diia

ra cic v3n de ban luSn va cuoi cung la ket

lugn vk kiln nghi hii6ng t6i phdt triln cac

viing do thi t ^ Viet Nam mgt each bin

vflng.

Til khoa: lien ket viing do thi; quan ly

viing; canh tranh tii do; quan tri vimg.

ABSTRACT

This article aims to introduce the literature

review about i) the worldwide concept of

regional coordination and in Vietnam in

order to sustainably develop and enhan ce the

Regional Competitiveness, ii) evolutionary

theory of Regional coordination models;

iii)- the experiences from the case of

regional and urban development m

Vietnam, and then to conduct a discussion

and conclusion m the end about sustainable

regional development in Vietnam

Key words: urban regional coordination;

regional govenunent; public choice;

regional governance.

PGS.TS. Nguyen Trong Hoa

Vi?n Nghien citu Phat triln TPHCM

Dl dpng:0903800141

1. Khai niem va vai tro cua li£n k^t viing

tren the gidi

1.1. Kiiai niem lien ket viing ddthj

Vung lanh tho ducrc dUcrc xac dmh dUa tren

Sl/ chia se cac diem chung vi dia ly - Ichong

gian, moi quan he kinh te - van hoa - xa hoi

va tinh chat hanh chinh - chi'nh tn (iwiansfield,

1999). Trong do, viing do thi la mot loai hinh

vung pho bien, thucjng bao g6m mot chtim do

thi phat tnen xung quanh mot d6 thj ldn CLfc 16n

hoae vai do thi 16n (Llziiu et al., 2014).

Trong vai thap nien gan day, quei trinh tOcin

cau hoa, do thi hoa trin the gi6i dSn den sU

t3p trung dan s6 ddhg tai cac do th| - viing do

thi tren the gidi vdi toe do tang trudng dSn so

do thi tai cac Ichu vUc dang phcit tnl n vdi toe

do icha nhanh (Ye, 2009; Lizhu, 2014; Allen,

2001; Brenner, 2004, Keating, 1998). Cu the doi

vdl nhdm cac nu'dc nay, theo Lien hiep qudc

(United Nations, 2002), mdc do do thj hda tang

tin8 % (nam 1950) den 41 % {nam 2000).

Do dd, viec hinh thanh va phat trien c3c dd

thi ldn va cUc ldn la san pham dac trung ci!ia qua

trinh do thi hda, cu the la hon hai ph^n ba cac

do thj Idn tren th i gidi thudc nhdm cac nudc

dang phat tnl n (United Nations, 2002). Hinh 1

cho thay, vao nam 2015, khu vifc cd dan sd do

thicUcldn (tren lOtneu ngu'di) tap trung ddng

nhat va cd tdc do tang dSn sd nhanh nhSt \h

Bong A, Nam A va Chau Phi.

Viec tap trung dan so tai cac viing do th] vdi

mat do cao va khdng ddng dl u nhuvay tao ra

apluc len cac van de phd bien ' tai Ccic 66 thi va

' Mot so van de nliukhong gian pii^iirien do thi, giao thonc), niia i

la cac van de ve kmh te, tiai hoa va thiic day sU phat tnen na hoi, gi

Bang I.Tlle dan sddo thi (%)

vung do thi Idn tren the gidi vi dan den sif hlnh

thanh va xu hudng lien Icet [XU nguyen hoae

Ichdng t u nguyen) cda cac dia phuong hinh

thanh viing do thi nham tang ciidng nang 1 ^

eanh tranh vdi cac viing Ichac. Vi th i hien nay,

viing do thi la - ehd khdng phii 66 thi hay quoc

gia - la don vj canh tranh cd bir\ trong wifc

gianh loi the phat tnen (Lizhu et. Al, 2014). Do

dd, khai niem lien Icit vimg dd thi ludn dUi^e dat

ra vdi mot vi tri quan trong trong phat trien kinh

te - xa hdi ciia mdt quoc gia.

1.2. Vai tro cda li^n ket viing dd thj

1.2.1. Hudng tdi muc ti^u phat trien bin

vu'ng tren e0sd"cgng sinh"giu'a c3c dia phu'ong

trong vung do thi

1.2.1.1 Trong Imh vUc phSt tnen kinh t l

Lien ki t vijng la eO sd de cac dja phUcJng

trong viing co sU phan cong hop l;J trong phit

tnen eae nganh kinh te tren co sd chuyen mon

hda cac the manh cda tdng tieu viing; ddng

thoi tao hieu qua quy md kmh te (economies

of scale). Xet ve khia eanh nay, ehinh quyen dja

phuong chu ddng tiep can theo phi/ong thdc

tLf nguyen (voluntary / bottom-up).

1,2,1 2 Trong ITnh vUcxa hdi

Lien ket viing se la cO s6 d l ceic d|a phuong

trong viing ed nhung chinh s3ch v l phit triln

ngudn nh^n luc va co sd h? tSng xa h^i m^t

each phii hdp nhSm nSng eao chelt lUpng cudc

song. Lien ket viing dUa tren quy md kinh te

(economic of scales) cdn tao loi the nang eao

tinh canh tranh ve ngudn cung dich vu xa hdi

chat luong cao thu hut dan cii dd th;, Ve cac

i.doi ngheo, dich vudo ihi (llesanmi, 2010) ma quan trong hon hit

n giQmai sinh va cac van de khac (Douay, 2010)

Toan the gidi

Cac nUdc dang phdt Irien

Cdc nUdc phdt trien

Ndm 7950

29,8

17,8

54,9

Ndm 1975

37,9

26,8

70

Ndm2000

47,7

40,9

75,5

Ndm 2030 (dttkiin)

60,2

56.4

82,6

Nguon- (United Nations, 2002).

92|BWi1Ti10« 6.2015