Microelectronics: circuit analysis and design

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Microelectronics:

Circuit Analysis

and Design

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Microelectronics:

Circuit Analysis

and Design

Third Edition

Donald A. Neamen

University of New Mexico

Higher Education

MICROELECTRONICS; CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND DESIGN. THIRD EDITION

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L ib rars of C ongress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Neamen. Donald A.

.Microelectronic' : circuit a n a ls'i' and design ' Donald .A. .Neamen. — 3rd ed.

p. i.m.

Res. ed. ot: Electronic circuit anals 'is ^nd de'ign / Donald .A. Neamen. 2''K')1.

Include' index.

ISBN 9~K-0-'J''-252362-1 — ISBN iJ-0” -252362-X

1 Elearonis cirv.uii de'ign. 2. Semi>.i'ndu..tor'— D e'ign ¿nd constructirm.

3 Electoinic virtuit de'ign I. Title ; Circuit anals .i« and design. II. .Neamen.

Donald A EL-ar-.m anal;.' 1' and de-ign. III. Title.

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Dedication

To the many students I’ve had the privilege of teaching over the years who have

contributed in many ways to the broad field of electrical engineering, and to future

students who will contribute in ways we cannot now imagine.

About the Author

Donald A. Neamen is a professor emeritus in the Department of Electrical and

Computer Engineering at the University of New Mexico where he taught for more

than 25 years. He received his Ph.D. degree from the University of New Mexico and

then became an electronics engineer at the Solid State Sciences Laboratory at

Hanscom Air Force Base. In 1976, he joined the faculty in the ECE department at the

University of New Mexico, where he specialized in teaching semiconductor physics

and devices courses and electronic circuits courses. He is still a part-time instructor

in the department.

In 1980. Professor Neamen received the Outstanding Teacher Award for the

University of New Mexico. In 1990, and each year from 1994 through 2001. he

received the Faculty Recognition Award, presented by graduating ECE students.

He was also honored with the Teaching Excellence Award in the College of

Engineering in 1994.

In addition to his teaching. Professor Neamen served as Associate Chair of the

ECE department for several years and has also worked in industry with Martin

Marietta. Sandia National Laboratories, and Raytheon Company. He has published

many papers and is the author of Semiconductor Physics and Devices: Basic Princi￾ples, third edition and An Introduction to Semiconductor Devices.

Brief Table of Contents

PROLOGUE I

PROLOGUE TO ELECTRONICS 1

PART 1

SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AND BASIC APPLICATIONS 5

Chapter 1

Semiconductor Materials and Diodes 7

Chapter 2

Diode Circuits 61

Chapter 3

The Field-Effect Transistor 119

Chapter 4

Basic FET Amplifiers 207

Chapter 5

The Bipolar Junction Transistor 287

Chapter 6

Basic BJT Amplifiers 369

Chapter 7

Frequency Response 471

Chapter 8

Output Stages and Power Amplifiers 561

PROLOGUE II

PROLOGUE TO ELECTRONIC DESIGN 615

PART 2

ANALOG ELECTRONICS 619

Chapter 9

Ideal Operational Amplifiers and Op-Amp Circuits 621

Chapter 10

Integrated Circuit Biasing and Active Loads 683

Brief Table o f Contents

Chapter 11

Differential and Multistage Amplifiers 749

Chapter 12

Feedback and Stability 847

Chapter 13

Operational Am plifier Circuits 943

Chapter 14

Nonideal Effects in Operational Am plifier Circuits 1003

Chapter 15

Applications and Design o f Integrated Circuits 1055

PROLOGUE III

PROLOGUE TO DIGITAL ELECTRONICS 1133

PARTS

DIGITAL ELECTRONICS 1137

Chapter 16

MOSFET Digital Circuits 1139

Chapter 17

Bipolar Digital Circuits 1249

Appendix A

Physical Constants and Conversion Factors 1309

Appendix B

Introduction to PSpice 1311

Appendix C

Selected Manufacturers' Data Sheets 1319

Appendix D

Standard Resistor and Capacitor Values 1331

Appendix E

Reading List 1335

Appendix F

Ansvi/ers to Selected Problems 1339

hvie^ 1359

Contents

PROLOGUE I

PROLOGUE TO ELECTRONICS 1

Brief History 1

Passive and Active Devices 2

Electronic Circuits 2

Discrete and Integrated Circuits 2

Analog and Digital Signals 3

Notation 3

Summary 4

PARTI

SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AND BASIC APPLICATIONS 5

Chapter Semiconductor Materials and Diodes 7

Preview 7

1.1 Semiconductor Materials and Properties 8

1.2 The pn Junction 20

1.3 Diode Circuits: DC Analysis and Models 30

1.4 Diode Circuits: AC Equivalent Circuit 39

1.5 Other Diode Types 44

1.6 Design Application: Diode Thermometer 49

1.7 Summary 51

Problems 53

Chapter 2 Diode Circuits 61

Chapter 3

Preview 61

2.1 Rectifier Circuits 62

2.2 Zener Diode Circuits 80

2.3 Clipper and Clamper Circuits 86

2.4 Multiple-Diode Circuits 93

2.5 Photodiode and LED Circuits 102

2.6 Design Application: DC Power Supply

2.7 Summary 106

Problems 108

The Field-Effect Transistor 119

Preview 119

3.1 MOS Field-Effect Transistor 120

3.2 MOSFET DC Circuit Analysis 140

3.3 Basic MOSFET Applications; Switch. Digital Logic Gate,

and Amplifier 165

3.4 Constant-Current Biasing 170

3.5 Multistage MOSFET Circuits 175

3.6 Junction Field-Effect Transistor 179

3.7 Design Application; Diode Thermometer with an MOS

Transistor 192

3.8 Summary 194

Problems 196

Chapter 4 Basic FET Am plifiers 207

Preview 207

4.1 The MOSFET Amplifier 208

4.2 Basic Transistor Amplifier Configurations 218

4.3 The Common-Source Amplifier 219

4.4 The Common-Drain (Source-Follower) Amplifier 23

4.5 The Common-Gate Configuration 239

4.6 The Three Basic Amplifier Configurations; Summary

and Comparison 243

4.7 Single-Stage Integrated Circuit MOSFET

Amplifiers 244

4.8 Multistage Amplifiers 259

4.9 Basic JFET Amplifiers 263

4.10 Design Application: A Two-Stage Amplifier 269

4.11 Summary 272

Problems 273

Chapter 5 The Bipolar Junction Transistor 287

Preview 287

5.1 Basic Bipolar Junction Transistor 288

5.2 DC Analysis of Transistor Circuits 303

5.3 Basic Transistor Applications 327

5.4 Bipolar Transistor Biasing 334

5.5 Multistage Circuits 348

5.6 Design Application: Diode Thermometer with a Bipolar

Transistor 353

5.7 Summary 355

Problems 356

Chapter 6 Basic BJT Am plifiers 369

Presiew 369

6.1 Analog Signals and Linear Amplifiers 370

6.2 The Bipolar Linear Amplifier 371

6.3 Basic Transistor Amplifier Configurations 397

6.4 Common-Emitter .-Amplifiers 399

6.5 AC Load Line Anal\sis 415

6.6 Common-Collector (Emitter-Follower) Amplifier 424

6.7 Common-Base .Amplifier 435

6.8 The Three Basic Amplifiers: Sumnian

and Comparison 439

6.9 Multistage .Amplifiers -140

6.10 Pow er Considerations 447

6.11 Design .Application: .Audio .Amplifier 449

6.12 Summan 454

Problems 455

Chapter 7 Frequency Response 471

Preview 471

7.1 .Amplifier Frequencv Response 472

7.2 Sv siem Transfer Functions 474

7.3 Frequencv Response: Transistor .Amplifiers w ith Circuit

Capacitors 488

7.4 Frequencv Response: Bipolar Transistor 506

7.5 Frequency Response; The FET 518

7.6 High-Frequenc\ Response of Transistor Circuits 525

7.7 Design .Application; .A Tw o-Stage .Amplifier

with Coupling Capacitors 541

7.8 Summarv' 543

Problems 5-14

Chapter 8 O utput Stages and Power Amplifiers 561

Preview 561

5.1 Pow er .Amplifiers 562

8.2 Power Transistors 562

8.3 Classes of .Amplifiers 574

8.4 Class-.A Pow er .Amplifiers 588

8.5 Class-.AB Push-Pull Complementarv Output Stages 59^

8.6 Design .Application: .An Output Stage Using

MOSFETs 602

8." Summaiy 605

Problems 606

PROLOGUE II

PROLOGUE TO ELECTRONIC DESIGN 615

Preview 615

Design Approach 615

System Design 616

Electronic Design 617

Conclusion 618