Mấy nhận xét về tiêu chí tuyển lựa tác phẩm vào sách giáo khoa ngữ văn THPT qua hệ thống sách giáo khoa từ sau cách mạng tháng Tám đến nay

MAY NHAN KEF li t TIEU CHi TUYEN LUA TAG PHAM

VAO SACH GIAO KHOA NGU VAN THPT QUA HE THONG SACH GIAO KHOA

TU SAU CACH MANG THANG TAM OEM NAY

O ThS. LE SU *

Viec bien soqn chuong trinh va sach giao khoa

[SGK) Ngu van khong the thieu mot khau

het sue quan trqng, la tuyen lya tac pham.

De co duqc sy lya chon xac dang, nhung soqn

gia phai xac lap duqc cac tieu chi tuyen lya. Tu

sau Cach mang thang Tam den nay, chung ta

thdy, mdi Idn cai each la moi Idn tuyen lya lai

cac tac pham vao SGK va cac tieu chi tuyen lya

tac pham cung thay ddi qua nhung Idn bien soqn.

Vdy, nhirng tieu chi tuyen lya dugc xac dinh

dya tren nhung can cu nao? Do han che ve tu

lieu, chung toi chi khdo sdt chuang trinh vd SGK

Ngu vdn ke tu cdi each Idn thu hai (1956).

J. Tieu chi tuyen lya tac pham vao SGK Ngu

van THPT cdi each Idn thu hai (tu nam 1956)

Bq SGK cdi each gido due (GD) Idn thu hai

ton tqi sudt thdi ki khdng chien chdng MT vd cd

nhung ndm sau gidi phdng mien Nam thdng nhdt

ddt nude, cho tdi cdi each GD Idn thu 3 (ndm

1979). Myc tieu ca bdn nhdt cua viec dqy hoc

vdn giai doan ndy, duqc xdc d|nh Id GD cho hoc

sinh (HS) the gidi quan vd nhdn sinh quan cong

sdn chu nghia vd phuang phdp duy vdt bien

chung. Myc tieu ndy cd nhieu yeu cdu cy the,

chdng han, phai GD cho HS long yeu nude, cdm

thu be lu thdng trj tan bao cung bqn giac xdm

luqc... nhung quan trqng nhdt Id viec dqy hoc

vdn phai dap ung duqc nhiem vy chinh trj Idn

cua thdi dqi, Id ddo tao nen nhung cdng ddn

tuang lai sdn sang cho nhiem vy xdy dyng chu

nghTa xd hdi d mien Bde, chdng de qudc MT vd

be lu tay sai d mien Nam, thdng nhdt ddt nude.

Tu tinh than dd, chuang trinh uu tien nhung tdc

pham vdn hoc duang dqi, nhung tdc pham thudc

ddng vdn hoc each mang, cd gid trj ddu tranh tu

tudng cao, cd tdc dyng cd vu chien ddu kjp thdi.

Ngoai tieu chi tuyen lya ndi tren, con nhieu

tieu chi khdc, chdng han, cdc tdc pham duqc lya

chon phai giup HS budc ddu cd cdi nhin bao quat

ve ljch su cua nen vdn hoc Viet Nam, nhung thdi

ki, giai doan phdt trien cung vdi nhung dinh cao

tieu bieu cua nd. Tuy nhien, bdi viet chi tap trung

vdo nhung tieu chi then chdt nhdt, quyet djnh chu

yeu viec tuyen lya tdc pham, ddng thai tao nen sy

khdc biet giua cdc bq SGK. C6 the lay dan chung

de phdn biet muc dd quan trqng giua cdc tieu chi

ngay d viec bien soqn bd SGK md chung ta dang

bdn. Chdng han, trudc day, ddi vdi tdc pham

Truyen Kieu, ngoai bdi khdi quat ve tdc pham,

chuong trinh chon vdo cdc doan trich sau: Kieu

bdo an, bdo oan; Kieu bdn minh; Chi em Thuy

Kieu; Thuc Sinh tir biet Thuy Kieu; Kieu mac lira Hd

Ton Hien; den Idn chinh li ddu tien (1965), cdc

bdi: Chi em Thuy Kieu; Thuc Sinh tir biet Thuy Kieu

tam gdc Igi, them gid cho cdc bdi Tir dy (Td Huu),

Nhdt ki trong til (Ho ChiMinh)... Sy thay ddi ndy

de tdng them tinh tu tudng vd tinh chien ddu cho

nqi dung chuang trinh.

Sy thdng ke day du SGK cua dqt cdi each Idn

thu hai cho thdy, td't cd cdc tdc pham duqc tuyen

vdo SGK deu dya tren nhung tieu chi ca bdn nhdt.

Chang han, van hgc ddn gian, chuong trinh uu

tien nhung tdc pham the hien sy ddu tranh giai

cap, ca ngqi lao ddng sdn xuat; ve tha ca ddn

gian, bao gdm cd nhung bdi ve ca dao mdi

(Chdng phong kien vd de qudc, Long ddn dd'i vdi

lanh ty vd Ddng, Md'i tinh qudn ddn). Cdc sang tdc

thudc trao luu van hoc lang man chi hoc bdi khdi

quat, khdng hoc tdc pham cy the, trong bdi khdi

quat cung chu yeu chi ra nhung han che cua trao

luu van hoc ndy. Tuang ty, phdn vdn hgc nude

ngoai uu tien tuyen chon nhung tdc pham thudc

nen vdn hoc cua Lien Xd (trudc day) vd Trung Qudc.

Nhung doan trich ndy hodc cho thdy sy xau xa,

ddc dc cua giai cap thdng trj, hodc cd tdc dyng

thuc day, cd vu chien dd'u, neu cao long yeu nude.

Dgc biet, d Idp 10, 11 deu danh mdt so tiet

cho phdn vdn hgc hien nay (Idp 10 Id 25 tiet, Idp

* Truong Dai hpc Vinh

Tap chi Giao due so 24 8 aa 2 -10/2010)