Luận văn thạc sĩ UEH influential factors on vietnams tourism development , luận văn thạc sĩ

UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS

HO CHI MINH CITY

VIETNAM

INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL STUDIES

THE HAGUE

THE NETHERLANDS

VIETNAM - NETHERLANDS

PROGRAMME FOR M.A IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS

INFLUENTIAL FACTORS

ON VIETNAM'S TOURISM DEVELOPMENT

By

NGUYEN THI KHANH CHI

MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS

HO CHI MINH CITY, March 2011

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UJIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS

HO CHI MINH CITY

VIETNAM

INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL STUDIES

THE HAGUE

THE NETHERLANDS

VIETNAM- NETHERLANDS

PROGRAMME FOR M.A IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS

INFLUENTIAL FACTORS

ON VIETNAM'S TOURISM DEVELOPMENT

A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of

MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS

By

NGUYEN THI KHANH CHI

Academic Supervisor:

DR HA THUC VIEN

HO CHI MINH CITY, March 2011

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to express my sincerest gratitude to the following individuals for their

guidance, assistant and help throughout this research.

My first sincere thank goes to my academic supervisor, Dr. Ha Thuc Vien. He has read

the thesis so many times and gave me valuable comments and suggestions. His

comment makes the thesis become more concisely and clearly. Besides, I also owe my

gratitude to Dr. Peter Calkins, Dr. Nguyen Huu Dung and Dr. Nguyen Minh Due.

Their evaluation and remarks helped me a lot in choosing the topic and determine

suitable research methodology.

I would like to thank all lecturers and staffs of VNP program who have helped me by

anyway to improve my knowledge.

I highly appreciated help from my colleagues in travel companies and respondents

from many restaurants, hotels, and transportation services, domestic and foreign

tourists in collecting data to serve the thesis.

Finally, my deep gratitude is also expressed to Mr. Nguyen Khanh Tuyen, my father,

helped me to design research survey and contact information of his colleagues in

tourism industry and my family for their spiritual support.

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HCMC, March 2011

NGUYEN THI KHANH CHI

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DECLARATION

I declare that "INFLUENTIAL FACTORS ON VIETNAM'S TOURISM

D VELOPMENT" is my own work, that it has not been submitted to any degree or

ex mination at any other universities, and that all the sources used or quoted are

in icated and acknowledged by complete references.

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HCMC, March 2011

NGUYEN THI KHANH CHI

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ABSTRACT

The objective of this research is to investigate the level of Vietnam's tourism

development, main economic and social factors influencing tourism industry and to

determine the impact significantly of these factors on the development of Vietnam's

tourism. The scope of the research is concentrated surveying individuals working in

travel companies and enterprises related tourism in 12 provinces and cities famous in

tourism of Vietnam. There were over 300 samples sureyed. Data were analyzed by

using Exploratory Factor Analysis and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. From 25

variables, the thesis withdraws into 13 variables through EF A analysis. Then MLR

analysis is conducted to determine main factors affecting Vietnam tourism

development and the results including three main factors are: ( 1) Internal components

of tourism industry (Tourism management system, Tourism infrastructure, Social

infrastructure, Economic insurance for hospitality, Technology application in tourism);

(2) External components affecting tourism industry (Political environment, Cultural

environment, Competitive environment); and (3) Tourism resources (The good sense

of environmental protection, Natural resources, The cultural value). In which, Factor 1

-Internal components of tourism industry- affects the strongest accounting for 43.3%

of the variation of dependent variable. Factor 3 - Tourism resources - accounts for

26.8% of the variation of dependent variable. Then, Factor 2 - External components

affecting tourism industry -accounts for 21.8% of the variation of dependent variable.

All factors impact positively on Vietnam tourism development. The hypothesis testing

results confirms the influence of these factors on Vietnam's tourism development with

the significant level of 1% .

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

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A~KNO\VLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................ i

DtCLARATION ···········································································································.~~

A'STRACT .................................................................................................................. ut

T tBLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................. iv

LIST OF TABLE ......................................................................................................... vii

LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................... vii

LIST OF BOX .............................................................................................................. vii

ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................... viii

ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................... viii

Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION .................................................................................... !

. 1.1 Problem Statement ........................................................................................ -....... 1

1.2 Objectives of the research study ........................................................................... 3

• 1.3 The scope of the research ...................................................................................... 3

1.4 Research questions ................................................................................................ 4

1.5 Research Methodology and Data Sources ............................................................ 4

1.6 Chapter outline: ..................................................................................................... 5

Chapter 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................ 7

2.1 "fheoreticalliterature: ............................................................................................ 7

2.1.1 The concept of tourism ................................................................................... 7

2.1.2 The concept of development ........................................................................... 8

2.1. 3 The concept of tourism development .............................................................. 8

2.1.4 A giance at the development of tourism industry ........................................... 9

2.1. 5 Research on tourism in Vietnam .................................................................. 11

2.2 Empirica1literature .............................................................................................. 12

2.3 Conceptual Framework ....................................................................................... 27

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Chapter 3: MODEL SPECIFICATION AND SAMPLING METHOD .............. 29

i3.1 Research hypothesis ............................................................................................ 29

3.2 Research design ................................................................................................... 29

3.3 Model specification ............................................................................................. 30

3.3.1 Measurement ofvariables ............................................................................ 30

3.3.2 Empirical1nodel ........................................................................................... 31

3.3.3 Data collection ............................................................................................. 34

3.4 Data analysis method .......................................................................................... 38

Chapter 4: DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSIONS ............................................ 40

4.1 Overview oftourism industry ............................................................................. 40

4.1.1 Development of Vietnam's tourism indust1y ................................................ 40

4.1.2 Tourism development in other countries ...................................................... 44

4.2 Data analysis and discussion ............................................................................... 51

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4. 2.1 Descriptive statistics ..................................................................................... 51

4.2.2 Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) ............................................................. 55

4.2.3 Reliability Analysis ....................................................................................... 62

4. 2.4 Adjustment of model and hypothesis after EF A ........................................... 63

4.2.5 Multiple Linear Regression (l'vfLR) analysis ................................................ 63

4.3 Hypothesis Testing and discussion ..................................................................... 69

Chapter 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ................................... 72

5.1 Conclusion ........................................................................................................... 72

5.2 Policy implications .............................................................................................. 73

5.3 Limitations .......................................................................................................... 76

5.4 Future research .................................................................................................... 77

REFERENCES ............................................................................................................ ix

APPENDIX la- QUESTIONNAIRE (ENGLISH) ................................................ xv

APPENDIX lb- QUESTIONNAIRE (VIETNAMESE) ...................................... xix

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. I APPENDIX 2- Test Cronbach's Alpha of 3 factors ............................................ xxii

APPENDIX 3- Total Variance Explained of MLR ............................................. xxv

APPENDIX 4- Brief some empirical researches in studying tourism development

in Vietnam ................................................................................................................ xxvi

APPENDIX 5- Summary of empirical studies about factors influencing tourism

development ........................................................................................................... xxviii

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LIST OF TABLE

Table 2.1: Factors influencing on tourism development ............................................. 28

Table 3.1: Distribution of interviewees at 12 provinces and cities in Vietnam ........... 38

Table 4.1: Statistics ofthe number oftourists' arrivals in Vietnam ............................ 40

Table 4.2: International tourism receipts and arrivals to Asia and the Pacific in 2005-

2009 .............................................................................................................................. 45

Table 4.3: Descriptive Statistics .................................................................................. 51

Table 4.4: Descriptive Statistics for dependent variable ............................................. 53

Table 4.5: Descriptive Statistics for exploratory variables .......................................... 54

Table 4.6: Results of Exploratory Factor Analysis ...................................................... 60

Table 4.7: KMO and Barlett's Test ............................................................................. 62

Table 4.8: Cronbach's Alpha ofthree factors .............................................................. 62

Table 4.9: Coefficients of Multiple Linear Regression model .................................... 64

Table 4.10: Correlations among variables in MLR model .......................................... 68

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1: Regional Competitiveness and Tourism Industry Performance ............... 15

Figure 2.2: Conceptual Framework ............................................................................. 27

Figure 3.1: Research process ....................................................................................... 29

Figure 3.2: The number oftourists' arrivals of the 12 provinces and cities in 2009 ... 36

Figure 4.1: Revenue of tourism industry of 12 provinces and cities in 2009 ............. 42

Figure 4.2: The growth of Vietnam's tourism industry in 2000- 2009 ...................... 43

Figure 4.3: International Tourism arrivals to Asia and the Pacific region in 2009 ..... 48

LIST OF BOX

Box 2.1: Travel and Tourism Economy- Key facts at a glance ................................. 10

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A SEAN

EFA

GDP

ITDR

KMO

MLR

PCA

lJNWTO

WTTC

CPDC

ECLAC

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ABBREVIATIONS

Association of South-East Asian Nations

Exploratory Factor Analysis

Gross Domestic Product

Institute for Tourism Development Research

Keiser- Meyer- Olkin

Multiple Linear Regression

Principal Component Analysis

United Nations World Tourism Organization

World Travel & Tourism Council

Caribbean Policy Development Centre

Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean

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