Luận văn level of awareness on climate change and adaptation to extreme weather events of households

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY

UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY

COLLEENE IVIE L. LANZADOR

LEVEL OF AWARENESS ON CLIMATE CHANGE AND ADAPTATION

TO EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS OF HOUSEHOLDS IN SELECTED

BARANGAYS IN LOS BANOS, LAGUNA, PHILIPPINES

BACHELOR THESIS

Study Mode : Full-time

Major : Environmental Science and Management

Faculty : International Program Office

Batch : 2013 - 2017

Thai Nguyen, 2017

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DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT

Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry

Degree Program

Bachelor of Environmental Science and

Management

Student Name Colleene Ivie L. Lanzador

Student ID DTN1454290047

Thesis Title

Level of Awareness on Climate Change and

Adaptation to Extreme Weather Events of

Households in Selected Barangays in Los Baños,

Laguna, Philippines

Supervisors

Assistant Professor Maricel A. Tapia

Dr. Ho Ngoc Son

Abstract:

The risks and impacts of climate change require adaptations that can

address and help individuals secure their selves from the looming dangers.

However, performance of adaptation strategies depends on the capacities,

foremost of which is the awareness of household to climate change and its

impendence. This study explores if the level of awareness on climate change of

the household respondents in selected barangays in Los Baños, Laguna,

contributes to the performing adaptation strategies that minimize immediate

impacts and result in enhancing their resilience. The study was conducted in

Los Baños, Laguna, particularly in the barangays of Bagong Silang, Bambang

and Lalakay. It employed quantitative and qualitative data collections methods,

particularly household survey, in-depth interview and secondary data

collection. Data from the household survey were analyzed using descriptive,

correlation and regression analyses, and enriched with qualitative analyses

from information gathered from in-depth interviews, and secondary data. The

results revealed that respondents have high level of awareness on what is

climate change, but only the location of the household respondents affects their

awareness on this global phenomenon. Pre- and post-adaptation strategies are

also performed to reduce the impacts from hazards that they are exposed to,

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such as typhoon, flood, drought and landslide. Socio-demographic and socio￾economic characteristics, particularly source of income, monthly income,

location and education, were found to influence their choice and performance

of adaptation strategies. Moreover, their level of awareness has significant

relationship to the performance of adaptation strategies, and in general to their

adaptedness. Thus this means that the level of awareness of people towards

climate change influences their performance of effective adaptation strategies

which can enhance their resilience. It is recommended that disseminating

climate change information through conduct of seminars and trainings can help

communities, especially the respondents, to enhance their adaptive capacity,

thereby enabling them to perform adaptation strategies that would contribute to

their resilience.

Keywords:

Climate change, Awareness, Adaptation, Extreme

Weather Events, Hazard & Resilience

Number of Pages 127 pages

Date of Submission November 2017

Signature of the

Supervisor

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

“And we know that in all things God works for the good of those who

love him, who have been called according to his purpose.” – Romans 8:28

“I can do all this through him who gives me strength.” – Philippians 4:13

The above bible verses serve as the fuel of the blazing spirit of the author

during her stay in Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry for almost

four years. It gives her hope for new beginnings. Those words keeps her

motivated, empowered and excited to look forward even though, things in the

future are seem to be unknown.

Above all else, the author wants to express her deepest gratitude and

declare the highest praise, glory and honor to the one and only Almighty Father

of the Heaven and Earth, for God has called her for a purpose; for the

unconditional and unfailing love since her day one; and for giving her and her

family His favor through strength, happiness, good health, grace, peace, tons of

blessings and triumph. The author owes it all to the Lord, for God has molded the

best version of her.

To the loving and supportive family, Rommel P. Lanzador, Analiza

L.Lanzador, Nicolle Marie Lanzador, Mary Angeli Anne Albes, Silvina Lapis,

Alice Lapis, Amalia Baskiñas, and Norma Lanzador which serve as my greatest

inspirations; for giving unending words of wisdom to enlighten, motivate and

inspire her; and for the prayers, love and care.

Deepest appreciation to the kind and helpful advisers, Prof. Maricel A.

Tapia of College of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of the

Philippines Los Baños, College of Forestry and Natural Resources and Dr. Ho

Son of the faculty of Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry for

giving ideas and assistance as the author conducted her research study.

Sincerest thank you to all the selected respondents, including the

community leaders and mostly to the International Science Relation Officer V of

Thai Nguyen, DD/MM/YYYY

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the Climate Change Commission of the Philippines, Mr. Alexis Lapiz, who

invested a little time answering the structured questionnaire and interview for the

thesis report.

Ever grateful to Mrs. Maribel L. Prestado and Mr.Nelson C. Del Mundo,

Master Teacher II of Buenaventura E. Fandialan Memorial Integrated National

High School, a Ph. D in Applied Linguistics (CAR) from De La Salle University

Manila and an international presenter, for being the English adviser and editor of

the author.

To the Advance Education Program, Thai Nguyen University of

Agriculture and Forestry together with the Dr. Dung Van Thao and the staff for

providing the opportunity of study abroad and conducting the research study at

her chosen university.

To batch, K45-AEP, for sharing knowledge and happy memories along

her journey in Vietnam, as well as to the first three batches, K42-AEP, K43-AEP

and K44-AEP for helping and becoming a good role models to all K45-AEP

Filipino students.

To all friends, especially Alexis Ann Alcantara, Katriz Moldez, Goldwyn

Macatangay, Ria Reyes, Keraia Geronimo, Jose Dunca, Joshua Veridiano, and

Robert Raleigh Manuel, for the boundless support and motivation.

To my roommate, reporting and library buddy, Martina P. Sumadsad for

being thoughtful and caring as always.

The author got this far because of you all, who pushed her to pursue her

goals, who relieved her stresses, who lightens her mood, who gives her positivity

in life, and who keeps on sending prayers for her. Words are not enough to

express how thankful and blessed the author is. All the author can do is to take a

new step with all the lessons, laughers and memories you have shared with her.

May the Lord bless all of you.

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The Researcher

Colleene Ivie L. Lanzador

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TABLE OF CONTENT

DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT .............................................ii

ACKNOWLEDGMENT.....................................................................................iv

TABLE OF CONTENT .....................................................................................vii

List of Figures..........................................................................................................x

List of Tables ..........................................................................................................xi

List of Abbreviations............................................................................................xvi

PART I. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................1

1.1. Background of the Study ...........................................................................1

1.2. Research Questions....................................................................................3

1.3. Objectives of the Study..............................................................................5

1.4. Significance of the Study...........................................................................5

1.5. Hypotheses.................................................................................................6

1.6. Scope and Limitation of the Study ............................................................6

1.7. Definition of Terms....................................................................................7

PART II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ..............................................9

2.1 Climate Change ..........................................................................................9

2.2 Environmental Changes and Natural Disasters/Hazards.........................11

2.3 Level of awareness and Perception to Climate change of

Communities/Households........................................................................14

2.4 Vulnerability of Different Communities in the Philippines to Climatic

Changes....................................................................................................16

2.5 Resilience of households to Climate Change: Focusing on Extreme

Events.......................................................................................................23

2.6 Conceptual Framework ............................................................................28

PART IV. METHODOLOGY...............................................................................30

4.1 Materials...................................................................................................30

4.2 Description of the Study Area .................................................................31

4.3 Data Gathering .........................................................................................33

4.4 Selection of Respondents.........................................................................34

4.5 Method of Analysis and Data Presentation .............................................36

PART V: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ...........................................................39

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Results of the Data Analysis ..............................................................................39

5.1.1. Socio-Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile of the Respondents ..39

5.2 Level of Awareness and Perception towards Climate Change ...............47

5.2.1 Level of Awareness..................................................................................48

5.2.2 Perception of All the Respondents towards Climate Change .................49

5.3. Hazards Experienced by All respondents................................................54

5.4. Impacts of Extreme Events and Adaptation Strategies of the

Respondents.............................................................................................60

5.4.1 Impacts of Extreme Events......................................................................61

5.4.2 Adaptation Strategies of the Respondents to Extreme Events................66

5.5. Period of Recovery of the Respondent after Extreme Events.................84

5.6. Analysis among Socio-economic Characteristics of the Respondents,

Level of Awareness and their Adaptation Strategies to Extreme Hazards

..................................................................................................................89

5.6.1. Relationship of the Socio-demographic and Socio-economic profile of

the Respondents to their Level of Awareness to Climate Change..........90

5.6.2. Pearson Correlation Analysis of the Socio-economic Characteristics of

the Respondents to their Choice of Adaptation Strategies for Extreme

Events.......................................................................................................92

5.6.3 Regression Analysis of Level of Awareness and Adaptation Strategies of

the Respondents towards Climate Change/Variability. ........................110

5.6.4. Correlation Analysis of the Level of awareness and Adaptedness of the

respondents toward the extreme hazards...............................................117

PART VI: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ................................120

6.1. Conclusion..............................................................................................120

6.2. Recommendation....................................................................................121

Bibliography: .......................................................................................................123

Appendix A-1 ...................................................................................................128

Appendix A-2 ...................................................................................................131

Appendix A-3 ...................................................................................................138

Appendix A - Figures.......................................................................................149

Appendix B.......................................................................................................138

Appendix C.......................................................................................................159

Appendix D.......................................................................................................161

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Appendix E.......................................................................................................162

Appendix F .......................................................................................................166

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Conceptual Framework adapted from IPCC (2001) Vulnerability

Framework .............................................................................................................29

Figure 2: Level of Awareness of the Respondents towards Climate Change ......48

Figure 3: Impacts of Typhoon to the Selected Respondents.................................61

Figure 4: Impacts of Flood to the Selected Respondents......................................62

Figure 5: Impacts of Drought to the Selected Respondents..................................63

Figure 6: Impacts of Landslide to the Selected Respondents...............................64

Figure 7: Pre-Adaptation Strategies of the Individuals in response to Typhoon .67

Figure 8: During/Post Adaptation Strategies of the Individuals in response to

Typhoon................................................................................................................68

Figure 9: Long-term Adaptation Strategies of the Individuals in response to

Typhoon .................................................................................................................69

Figure 10: Pre-Adaptation Strategies of the Individuals in response to Flood.....70

Figure 11: During/Post Adaptation Strategies of the Individuals in response to

Flood ......................................................................................................................71

Figure 12: Long-term Adaptation Strategies of the Individuals in response to

Flood ......................................................................................................................72

Figure 13: Pre-Adaptation Strategies of the Individuals in response to Drought 73

Figure 14: During/Post Adaptation of the Individuals in response to Drought....75

Figure 15: Long-term Adaptation Strategies of the Individuals in response to

Drought.................................................................................................................76

Figure 16: Pre-Adaptation Strategies of the Individuals in response to Landslide

................................................................................................................................77

Figure 17: During/Post Adaptation Strategies of the Individuals in response to

Landslide ................................................................................................................78

Figure 18: Long-term Adaptation of the Individuals in response to Landslide ...79

APPENDIX A-FIGURES

Figure 1-a: Los Baños Record of Previous Disaster Events

Figure 1-b: Los Baños Record of Previous Disaster Events

Figure 2: Flood Prone Areas Map (Source: LCCAP 2015)

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Figure 3: Figure 3: Detailed Landslide Hazard Map of Los Baños (Source:

LCCAP 2015)

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Number of the Selected Respondents per Barangay..............................35

Table 2: Age Group of the Randomly Chosen Respondents................................40

Table 3: Gender of the Randomly Chosen Respondents......................................41

Table 4: Educational Attainment of the Respondents..........................................41

Table 5: Household Size of the Randomly Chosen Respondents........................42

Table 6: Civil Status of the Respondents.............................................................43

Table 7: Range of the Monthly Income of the Respondents................................44

Table 8: Source of Income of the Respondents....................................................45

Table 9: Summary Table of the Socio-demographic and Socio-economic of the

In-depth Respondents............................................................................46-47

Table 10a: Perception of the Respondents of What Climate Change is...............49

Table 10b: Perception of the Six In-Depth Interviewees towards the Idea of

Climate Change.........................................................................................50

Table 10c: Perception of the Three Community Leaders towards Climate

Change........................................................................................................51

Table 11: Respondents Who Experienced Typhoon............................................55

Table 12: Typhoons that Deteriorated Los Baños................................................55

Table 13: Respondents Who Experienced Flood..................................................56

Table 14: Respondents Who Experienced Drought..............................................57

Table 15: Respondents Who Experienced Landslide............................................58

Table 16: Period Recovery of the Respondents after Typhoon.............................84

Table 17: Period Recovery of the Respondents after Flood..................................85

Table 18: Period Recovery of the Respondents to Drought..................................86

Table 19: Period Recovery of the Respondents to Landslide...............................87

Table 20: Correlation Analysis of the Level of Awareness of Socio-demographic

and Socio-economic Characteristics of the Individuals........................................90

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Table 21: Summary table of the Pearson Correlation Analysis of Socio￾demographic and Socio-economic Characteristics of the Respondents that

Influence their Choice of Pre, Post and Long-term Adaptation Strategies for

Typhoon................................................................................................................93

Table 22: Summary table of the Pearson Correlation Analysis of Socio￾demographic and Socio-economic Characteristics of the Respondents that

Influence their Choice of Pre, Post and Long-term Adaptation Strategies for

Flood...............................................................................................................96-97

Table 23: Summary table of the Pearson Correlation Analysis of Socio￾demographic and Socio-economic Characteristics of the Respondents that

Influence their Choice of Pre, Post and Long-term Adaptation Strategies for

Drought..............................................................................................................102

Table 24: Summary table of the Pearson Correlation Analysis of Socio￾demographic and Socio-economic Characteristics of the Respondents that

Influence their Choice of Pre, Post and Long-term Adaptation Strategies for

Landslide............................................................................................................107

Table 25: Summary table of the Result of the Linear Regression Analysis of the

Level of Awareness and the Choice of Pre, Post and Long-term Adaptation of

the Respondents to

Typhoon.............................................................................................................111

Table 26: Summary table of the Result of the Linear Regression Analysis of the

Level of Awareness and the Choice of Pre, Post and Long-term Adaptation of

the Respondents to Flood...........................................................................112-113

Table 27: Summary table of the Result of the Linear Regression Analysis of the

Level of Awareness and the Choice of Pre, Post and Long-term Adaptation of

the Respondents to Drought..............................................................................114

Table 28: Summary table of the Result of the Linear Regression Analysis of the

Level of Awareness and the Choice of Pre, Post and Long-term Adaptation of

the Respondents to Landslide...........................................................................115

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Table 29: Correlation of the Level of Awareness and Period of Recovery of the

Respondents to Extreme events.......................................................................118

APPENDIX A-1: TABLES

Table 1-a: In-depth Interviewees who experienced Typhoon

Table 1-b: Communities that experienced Typhoon

Table 2-a: Appendix-A table 2a: In-depth Interviewees who experienced Flood

Table 2-b: Communities that experienced Flood

Table 3-a: In-depth Interviewees who experienced Drought

Table 3-b: Community that experienced Drought

Table 4-a: In-depth Interviewees who experienced Landslide

Table 4-b: Communities that experienced Landslide

Table 5: List of the Tropical Cyclone that Crossed the Province of Laguna

(Source: LCCAP)

Table 6: Impacts of Typhoon to the In-depth Interviewees

Table 7: Impact of Flood to the In-depth Interviewees

Table 8: Impacts of Drought to In-depth Interviewees

Table 9: Impacts of Landslide to the In-depth Interviewees

APPENDIX A-2

Table 10-a: Correlation Analysis of the Socio-demographic Socio-economic

Characteristics of the Individuals and their Choice of Post Adaptation Strategies

towards Typhoon

Table 10-b: Correlation Analysis of the Socio-demographic Socio-economic

Characteristics of the Individuals and their Choice of Post Adaptation Strategies

towards Typhoon

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Table 10-c: Correlation Analysis of the Socio-demographic and Socio-economic

Characteristics of the Individuals and their Choice of Long-term Adaptation

Methods towards Typhoon

Table 11-a: Table 11-a: Correlation Analysis of the Socio-demographic and

Socio-economic Characteristics of the Individuals and the Choice of Adaptation

Strategies towards Flood

Table 11-b: Correlation Analysis of the Socio-demographic and Socio-economic

Characteristics of the Individuals and their Choice of Post Adaptation Strategies

towards Flood

Table 11-c: Correlation Analysis of the Socio-demographic and Socio-economic

Characteristics of the Individuals and their Choice of Long-term Adaptation

Strategies towards Flood

Table 12-a: Table 12-a: Correlation Analysis of the Socio-demographic and

Socio-economic Characteristics of the Individuals and their Choice of Pre￾Adaptation Strategies towards Drought

Table 12-b: Correlation Analysis of the Socio-demographic and Socio-economic

Characteristics of the Individuals and their Choice of Post Adaptation Strategies

towards

Table 12-c: Correlation Analysis of the Socio-demographic and Socio-economic

Characteristics of the Individuals and their Choice of Long-term Adaptation

Strategies towards Drought

Table 13-a: Correlation Analysis of the Socio-demographic and Socio-economic

Characteristics of the Individuals and their Choice of Pre-Adaptation Strategies

towards Landslide

Table 13-b: Correlation Analysis of the Socio-demographic and Socio-economic

Characteristics of the Individuals and their Choice of Post Adaptation Strategies

towards Landslide

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Table 13-c: Correlation Analysis of the Socio-demographic and Socio-economic

Characteristics of the Individuals and their Choice of Long-term Adaptation

Strategies towards Landslide

APPENDIX A-3

Table 14-a: Model Summary of the Regression analysis of the Level of

Awareness and their Choice of Adaptation Strategies towards Typhoon

Table 14-b: ANOVA of the Regression Analysis of the Level of Awareness and

their Choice of Adaptation Strategies towards Typhoon

Table 14-c: Coefficient of the Regression Analysis of the Level of Awareness

and their Choice of Adaptation Strategies towards Typhoon

Table 15-a: Model Summary of the Regression Analysis of the Level of

Awareness and their Choice of Adaptation Strategies towards Flood

Table 15-b: ANOVA of the Regression Analysis of the Level of Awareness and

their Choice of Adaptation Strategies towards Flood

Table 15-c: Coefficient of the Regression Analysis of the Level of Awareness

and their Choice of Adaptation towards Flood

Table 16-a: Model Summary of the Regression Analysis of the Level of

Awareness and their Choice of Adaptation Strategies towards Drought

Table 16-b: ANOVA of the Regression Analysis of the Level of Awareness and

their Choice of Adaptation Strategies towards Drought

Table 16-c: Coefficient of the Regression Analysis of the Level of Awareness

and their Choice of Adaptation towards Drought

Table 17-a: Model Summary of the Regression of the Level of Awareness and

their Choice of Adaptation Strategies towards Landslide

Table 17-b: ANOVA of the Regression Analysis of the Level of Awareness and

their Choice of Adaptation towards Landslide

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