Luận văn khai thác hải sản trên biển ở việt nam theo hướng bền vững

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DANH MUC CHU* VIET TAT

DANH MUC BANG, BIEU, SO DO

Ldl Md DAU.................................................................................................. 1

CHUONG 1 MOT SO VAN DE LY LUAN VE KHAI THAC HAI SAN

THEO HUONG BEN VUNG:....................................................................... 4

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1.1 .Mot so khai niem, vai tro ve khai thac hai san..........................................4

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1.1.1 .Mot so khai niem co ban ve khai thac nguon lpi hai san............. 4

1.1.2.Vai tro cua nganh khai thac hai san................................................4

1.1.3.Dac diem nganh khai thac hai san................................................... 5

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1.2. Co so ly luan ve phat trien nganh khai thac hai san theo hudng ben vung 8

1.2.1 .Quan diem phat trien ben vung........................................................ 8

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1.2.2. Quan diem phat trien ben vung d Viet Nam...............................11

1.2.3. Quan diem phat trien ben vung trong khai thac hai san.......... 13

1.2.4. Tieu chi va dau hieu danh gia khai thac hai san theo hubng ben

vung............................................................................................................. 16

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1.2.5. Su can thiet phat trien khai thac hai san d Viet Nam theo hudng ben

vung............................................................................................................. 20

1.2.6. Kinh nghiem cua mot so nude trong khu vuc Dong A va bai hoc

van dung cho Viet Nam............................................................................23

CHlTONG 2: THlTC TRANG KHAI THAC HAI SAN TREN BIEN 6

VIETNAM...................................................................................................... 33

2.1 .Lich su hinh thanh, phat trien khai thac hai san d Viet Nam................... 33

2.1.1. Qua trinh phat trien cua Nganh Thuy san................................... 33

2.1.2. Qua trinh phat trien khai thac thuy san cua Viet Nam.............. 33

2.2. Nhan to tac dong den khai thac hai san theo hudng ben vung................35

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2.2.1. Tiem nang, nguon loi thuy, hai san d nude ta........................... 35

2.2.2. Quan ly cua nha nude trong khai thac hai san............................37

2.2.3. Y thuc cua ngu dan trong khai thac hai san.................................43

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2.3. Danh gia khai thac hai san theo hudng ben vung d Viet Nam................ 46

2.3.1. Danh gia phat trien ben vung noi tai nganh khai thac hai san .. 46

2.3.2. Danh gia tac dong lan toa cua nganh khai thac hai san.....................59

2.4. Danh gia chung ve tinh ben vung phat trien khai thac hai san................. 70

2.4.1. Mat duoc..........................................................................................70

2.4.2. Nhtrng bieu hien thieu ben vung................................................... 71

2.4.3. Nguyen nhan cua nhung bieu hien thieu ben vung....................75

CHUONG 3: MOT SO GIAI PHAP PHAT TRIEN KHAI THAC HAI

SAN TREN BIEN 0 VIET NAM THEO HU'ONG BEN VUNG............... 78

3.1. Quan diem, muc tieu va dinh hudng phat trien ben vung nganh khai thac

hai san..............................................................................................................78

3.1.1. Quan diem phat trien......................................................................78

3.1.2. Muc tieu phat trien.......................................................................... 79

3.1.3. Dinh huong phat trien..................................................................... 80

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3.2. Mot so giai phap phat trien khai thac hai san theo huong ben vung.....84

3.2.1. Giai phap ve quan ly khai thac hai san tren bien...........................84

3.2.2. Giai phap tang cuong ap dung khoa hoc- cong nghe trong khai

thac hai san.................................................................................................. 92

3.2.3. Dao tao nguon nhan luc chat luong cao cho khai thac hai san. 93

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3.2.4. Giai phap phat trien co so ha tang nghe ca................................. 96

3.2.5. Nhom giai phap ve nang cao nhan thuc doi voi phat trien ben

vung khai thac hai san va y thuc tuan thu phap luat...............................99

3.2.6. Giai phap ve tang cuong cong tac bao ve moi truong bien. ... 100

3.2.7. Dam bao quoc phong, an ninh tren bien va giai quyet cac tranh chap

bien Dong....................................................................................................102

KETLUAN.....................................................................................................104

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO............................................................................. 106

DANH MUC CAC CHU VIET TAT

CNH - HDH Cong nghiep hoa - Hien dai hoa

CV Cong suat

HTX Hop tac xa

KBTB Khu bao ton bien

KTHS Khai thac hai san

PTBV Phat trien ben vung

PTNT Phat trien nong thon

DANH MUC CAC BANG, HINH VE, SO DO

DANH MUC BANG

Bang 1.1. Cac tieu chi su dung danh gia PTBV nganh KTHS........................ 18

Bang 1.2. Dac trung co ban cua nghe ca cac nude trong khu vuc..................36

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Bang 2.1. Tong nguon loi va nguon loi co kha nang khai thac ben vung nam

2006-2007............................................................................................................. 36

Bang 2.2.Anh hudng cua bao doi vdi nganh Thuy san ...................................45

Bang 2.3.San luong thuy san khai thac............................................................. 47

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Bang 2.4. So tau danh bat hai san xa bd............................................................. 52

Bang 2.5. Tong cong suat cac tau danh bat hai san xa bd............................... 53

Bang 2.6. San luong va ty trong san luong khai thac xa bd............................ 53

Bang 2.7. Doanh thu, chi phi va loi nhuan mot so nghe KTHS tren cac cd tau

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tai vung bien mien Trung......................................................................................57

Bang 2.8. Doanh thu, chi phi va loi nhuan mot so nghe KTHS tren cac cd tau

tai vung bien mien Nam Bo..................................................................................58

Bang 3.1. San luong khai thac den nam 2020/ tong nguon loi hai san...........81

DANH MUC HINH VE, BIEU

Hinh 1.1. Quan diem 3 circ trong phat trien ben vung...................................... 9

Bieu 2.1. Bieu do the hien moi quan he giua so luong tau va san luong khai thac .48

Bieu 2.2. Bieu do Quan he gitra san luong va nang suat khai thac.................49

Bieu 2.3. Bieu do quan he san luong va cong suat tau thuyen........................50

DANH MUC SO DO

So dd 1.1. So dd PTBV.......................................................................................13

So do 1.2. Moi Quan he giua Con ngudi va Moi trudng.................................. 14

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So do 1.3. Anh hudng cua khai thac ca bien doi vdi hai thuc the cua PTBV:

Con ngudi va moi trudng

TOM TAT

KET QUA NGHIEN ClTU CUA LUAN VAN

Nghe khai thac thuy san the gibi hien nay da hoan toan bac bo quan

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niem: Nguon led thuy thuy san la vo tan va dai duong rat hao phong. Chi sau

mot thod gian ngan, cac phuong tien khai thac tang trubng rat nhanh va hien

dai, thi moi doi tupng thuy san b ven hay xa bo, b tang nubc nong hay sau,

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ket dan hay phan tan, hau nhu tat ca deu da va dang bi khai thac tnet de, san

lupng khai thac khong nhung khong tang ma ngupc lai co xu hubng giam sut.

Nhieu loai ca kinh te da bi ton thuong nghiem trong, kha nang tai tao quan

trong do co Viet Nam.

Nubc ta co bb bien dai, lai co nguon tai nguyen to lbn de phat trien tat

ca cac nganh, linh vuc, trong do co nganh khai thac hai san. Nganh khai thac

hai san dupe coi la mot trong nam nganh mui nhon trong kinh te bien cua nubc

ta, gop phan tang them viec lam, xoa doi, giam ngheo cho ngu dan va vung bai

ngang ven bien va dac biet da gop phan quan trong trong viec bao ve vung chac

chu quyen lanh hai cua nubc ta. Tuy nhien, ben canh nhung ket qua dat dupe,

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khai thac hai san tren bien nubc ta con noi len nhieu ton tai, han che do, noi

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len la: hieu qua khai thac dat thap, nguon lpi hai san vung ven bb giam sut

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nghiem trang va ngay cang suy kiet; doi song ngu dan gap nhieu kho khan; an

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ninh trat tu tren bien con phai chiu nhieu kho khan, rui ro.

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Chinh vi nhung co hoi, thach thuc va tiem nang cua nude ta hien tai

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cung nhu tuong lai ve phat trien thuy san ben vung - dac biet la khai thac hai

san tac gia da lua chon de tai: ‘Khai thac hai san tren bien fi Viet Nam

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theo turfing ben virng” de lam luan van thac sy.

1. Tom luoc co" so’ ly luan va phuong phap nghien cuu cua Luan van

1.1. Co' so' ly luan

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Trong pham vi luan van, co so ly luan dupe tac gia trinh bay bao gom

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chung ve phat trien khai thac hai san theo huong ben vung.

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1.1.1. Cff sb' ly luan ve khai thac hai san

Nguon lpi thuy, hai san la tai nguyen sinh vat trong vung nude tu

* Mot so khai niem khai thac hai san

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va phat trien nguon lpi thuy, hai san.

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Tai tao nguon loi thuy, hai san: la qua trinh tu phuc hoi hoac hoat dong

cua con ngudi lam phuc hoi, gia tang nguon lpi thuy, hai san.

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Hoat dong thuy san: la viec tien hanh khai thac, nudi trong, van chuyen

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thuy san khai thac, bao quan, che bien, mua ban, xuat khau, nhap khau thuy

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san; dich vu trong hoat dong thuy san, dieu tra, bao ve va phat trien nguon lpi

thuy hai san.

Khai thac hai san: la viec su dung cac cong cu, phuong tien khai thac

nguon lpi tu nhien tren bien, dam, pha va cac vung nude tu nhien khac vung

ven bien.

Khai thac hai san xa ba: la hoat dong khai thac hai san dune tien hanh

d vung bien xa bd co do sau tu 3Om trd len (doi vdi vung bien Bae bo, Dong￾Tay Nam bo, Vinh Thai lan); tu 50m trd len (doi vdi vung bien mien Trung).

* Dae diem nganh khai thac hai san

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(1) nganh khai thac hai san la mang tinh rui ro cao do khi hau, thdi tiet

va thien tai.

(2) hoat dong khai thac hai san con bi anh hudng cua nhung tai nan tren bien.

(3) hieu qua khai thac hai san phu thuoc ldn vao nguon loi hai san va luon

luon mang tinh thdi vu tren cac ngu trudng khac nhau.

(4) hieu qua khai thac phu thuoc vao tr'inh do phat trien va dau tu thanh

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nganh cong nghiep cua moi nudc.

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(5) la nganh khai thac va cung cap thuc pham tuoi song cho nhu cau thi

trudng, nen viec dau tu cong nghe bao quan sau thu hoach, van chuyen va so

che san pham la rat can thiet de co hieu qua cao.

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(6) khai thac va quan ly hai san luon gan vdi nghe ca nhan dan.

1.1.2. Ca sff ly luan ve phat trien nganh khai thac hai can theo htrhng

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phai irina bra vaag

* Khai niem phat trien ben vung trong khai thac hai san

Phat trien ben vung la qua tr'inh phat trien co su ket hop chat che, hop

ly, hai hoa giua 3 mat cua su phat trien, gom: tang trudng kinh te, cai thien

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cac van de xa hoi va bao ve moi trudng

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Khai thac ben vung nguon loi hai san la khai thac mot phan nguon loi

co san, sao cho phan con lai trong chu trinh mot nam co the sinh san va khoi

phuc lai dan nhu trang thai ban dau. Nhd the, co the duy tri duoc nguon loi

lau dai [Bach khoa thuy san,2007].

Nhu vay, PTBV KTHS phai duoc xem xet tren hai goc do: (1) Duy tri

tinh chat ben vung va hieu qua trong hoat dong cua ban than nganh KTHS. (2)

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Tac dong lan toa tich cue cua nganh KTHS san den hoat dong kinh te, xa hoi

va moi trudng.

* Tieu chi va dau hieu danh gia khai thac hai san theo huong ben vung

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- Tieu chi danh gid khai thac hai san theo hudng ben vung trong noi

tai nganh khai thac hai san.

(1) Quan ly nguon lo'i hai san.

(2) Cong nghe trong khai thac hai san.

(3) Hieu qua hoat dong cua mot sd nghe khai thac hai san.

- Tieu chi danh gid tac dong lan tod cua nganh khai thac hai san

(1) Tac dong lan tod ve mat kinh te (chuyen dich co cau kinh te thuy

san, chuyen dich co cau cac thanh phan kinh te trong khai thac thuy san, phat

trien co so ha tang dich vu hau can nghe ca, CNH-HDH nong nghiep nong thon

ven bien).

(2) Tac dong lan tod ve mat xa hoi (giai quyet viec lam, thu nhap cua

ngu dan, cac dich vu ho trp ngu dan, dong quan ly trong khai thac hai san, dam

bao an ninh chu quyen tren bien).

(3) Tac dong lan tod ve mat moi tru'dng sinh thai (xu hudng bien dong

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nguon lpi, ham lupng xianua va dau trong nubc bien, chi so an toan cua cac

ran san ho, viec thanh lap va su dung KBTB).

1.2. Phuong phap nghien cuu

Tren co so phuong phap luan duy vat bien chung, duy vat lich su, quan

triet cac quan diem, dinh hudng phat trien cua Dang va Nha nude doi vdi

nganh thuy san cua ca nude noi chung, va khai thac hai san tren bien noi

rieng, de tai su dung tong hop nhieu phuong phap nghien cuu khac nhau:

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phuong phap dieu tra, khao sat thuc te, thong ke, so sanh, nghien cuu bao cao

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cua cac bo, nganh, dia phuong de phan tich, tong hop.

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2. Nhfirng ket qua dat duoc, diem mon va han che cua Luan van

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2.1. Nhiing ket qua dat duoc cua Luan van

Qua trinh nghien cuu tim hieu va phan tich thuc trang nganh khai thac

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hai san 6 Viet Nam theo cac tieu chi ben vung va doi chieu voi muc dich

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nghien cuu, luan van da co nhung dong gop chu yeu sau:

(1) . Xay dung cac tieu chi phat trien ben vung nganh khai thac hai san

tren bien.

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(2) . Trinh bay nhung nhan to tac dong den phat trien khai thac hai san

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theo huong ben vung.

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(3) . Danh gia thuc trang khai thac hai san theo huong ben vung trong

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noi tai nganh va nhung tac dong lan toa cua nganh toi cac van de kinh te, xa

hoi, moi trubng.

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(4) . De xuat

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mot so giai phap nham phat trien ben vung nganh khai thac

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hai san, bao gom nhung giai phap ve quan ly khai thac hai san tren bien, phat

trien co so ha tang nghe ca, ap dung khoa hoc cong nghe trong khai thac, dao

tao nguon nhan luc cho khai thac, nang cao nhan thuc cua ngu dan trong phat

trien ben vimg khai thac hai san va tuan thu phap luat, tang cuong cong tac

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bao ve moi trubng trong khai thac hai san, dam bao an ninh, chu quyen lanh

tho quoc gia.

2.2. Nhung dong gop moi cua Luan van

- Luan van la nghien cuu dau tien mang tinh he thong cac tieu chi phat