Kinh nghiệm một số nước trong việc nâng cao năng lực tài chính và khả năng cạnh tranh của ngân hàng thương mại

TAl CHiNH

w£~~~TI11

12,5%trongtong tri gia hang nh~p

kh§unam 1989 nhU'ngda tang len

22,7% vaodau nam 1991. a Ba

Lan,trong8 thang dau nam 1991,

hangtieu dung.'trong hang nh~p

kh§udi:itang tCt18,8% len 31:6%.

Tinhtren ty I~ tang tnrdng, doi vai

Bulgaria,Czechoslovakia,Hungary,

Poland,Romania,va Lien Xo (cG),

hangtieu dung co xu hLfangtang

nhanh nhat trong tong so hang

nh?pkh~unam 1992,tren ca cong

ngh~va tLfli~usan xuat12.

D~ doi pho vai tinh tr~ng chay

nguenIl,J'Cra ben ngoai trong nhU'ng

nam80 bu()c Chinh phu Nam TLf

phaithl,J'Chi~n cac bi~n phap rat

m~nhd~ can bang cancanthanh

toan.ChLfelngtrinh dieu chinh bao

gemphagia rat m~rihva, trLfactien

la giam m~nh hang nh~p kh~u.

ThOngqua cac bi~nphap dod~lam

tang th~ng dLf can can vang lai,

trongthl,J'Cte, hau nhLfngay sau do,

ho~td(mg kinh te suy thoai va I~m

phatda tang len nhanh chong.

5. Nqn&n day duo giita e6e

doanhnghi'p

Ng nan day dLfagi[(acacdoanh

nghi~pphat sinh do 2 nguyennhan.

Tha nhat, trong h~ thongcG, cac

DNNN da rat m~t moi d~ dap ltQg

cac chi tieu dLfgcgiao. Khi h9 da

lam nhLf v~y, gan nhLf h9 dLfgc thanh

toan tll di?ngva Nha nLfacdam bao

vi~c thanh toan cuoi cung cho h9.

Trong qua trinh chuy~n doi, rat

nhieu DNN~ da ngU'ngthanh toan

cho ngLfCJicung cap, ho~c vi h9

thieu tien ho~cvi h9thayco Igikhi

cac bi~n phap ph~t khong co hi~u

IIICva vi~cch~mtn~thanhtoan56

lam giam gia tri thl,J'Cte cua cac

khoan thanh toan trong mi?t moi

trLfCJngI~mphat cao. Thahai, chinh

sach tien t~ that ch~t da dLfgccac

nLfac XHCN ap dt:mg trong cac

chLfelngtrinh on dinh, di:i khuyen

khich cac doanh nghi~p tim kiem

cac nguon tai trg phi ngan hang do

do, lamtang ng nan gi[(acac doanh

nghi~p.Cac khoan ng nan gi[(acac

doanh nghi~p ngay cang tang gay

ap IIICcho Chinhphu va Nganhang

TrungLfelngphai taitaitrgmaden

ILfgtno gay ap Il,J'CI~mphat.8

(1) Roe, Alan, ''Managing Inflation in

Socialist Economies ", in Simon

Commander (ed.), Managing Inflation in

Socialist economies in Transition, The

Word Bank, 1991. trang 2.

(2) Amsden, Alice H (eds.) The Market

Meets its Match Restructurina the

Economies of Eastern Eurooe, Harvard

University Press, 1994, trang 31

(3) Aslund, Anders, "lessons of the First

Four Years of Systemic Change in Eastern

Europe", Journal of Comparative

Economics, Vol. 19, 1994, trang 26.

(4) Ellman, Micheal. "General

Aspects of Transition", in P.H.Admiraal

(ed.), Economic Transition in Eastern

Eurooe. Blackwellpublichers, 1995,trang 23.

(5) China, Macroeconomic Stability in a Decentralized Economv, The World

Bank, 1995,trang xiv.

(6) Mckinnon, Ronald I" Financial

Growth and Macroeconomic Stabilitvin

China 1978 -1992,Imolicationsfor Russia

and Other Transitional Economies.

Journal of comparative economics,

Josef C" Barada (ed.), Vol. 18, 1994,

trang 438.

(7) On KitTam, Financial Reform in

~trang 32.

(8) Mckinnon, Ronald I. "Financial

Growth and Macroeconomic Stabilityin

China, 1978- 1992:Implicationsfor Russia

and Other Transitional Economies",

Journal oof Comparative Economics,

Vol. 18,1994, trang 463.

(9) Nut;, Domenico Mario,

"Stabilization and Sequencing in the

Reformof SocialistEconomic", inSimon

Commander (ed.), Mana9in9 Inflationin

Socialist Economics in Transition The

WorldBank, 1991.trang 136.

(10) China. Macroeconomic Stabilitv

in a Decentralized Economv. The World

Bank, 1995,trang 16.

(11) McCarthy, F. Desmond (et 01),

External Shocks and Performance

Resoonses durina Svstem Transition.The

Case of Ukraine. Policy Research

WorkingPaper No. 1361,TheWorldBank,

1994.

(12) Amsden, Alice H" The Market

Meets its Match, Restructurina the

Economies of Eastern Eurooe. Hcward

UniversityPress, 1994,trang 102.

Kinhnlhiem.. mol so n.oc Ironl viee. nanl cao nanll.c. lai chinh

va ~ha nanl canh Iranhcua nlan hanllh.onl mai . I

L':;;T1lhenao de tang von tl,J'co

luon la mi?t van de quan tr9ng

d~t ra doi vai cac ngan hang

thLfelng m~i (NHTIy1),day la Cd Sd

quan tr9ng nhat d~ tang kha nang

c~Qh tranh va bao dam ho~t di?ng

ngan hang c6 hi~u qua. Hi~n nay,

theo NHNN thi ty I~ an toan von

dLfgc phan anh qua ty I~ von tl,J'co

tren tong nguon von tinh binh quan

cua cac NHTM Nha nLfac chi d~t

3,72%, rat thap so vai chu~n ml,J'c

quoc te la 8%1.

T.w em NGANMNG - &6 2 NXM2004

TS. D6 Van Due *

NhLf v~y, cung vai nhU'nggiai

phapdoi mai quan Iy, doi mai va ap

dyng cong ngh~ hi~n d~i, xuly ng

ton d9ng,... tang von tl,J'co la mi?t

dieuki~ncanthietd~chu<'3nb! cho

h~ thong ngan hang cua nLfacta

bLfacV80 qua trinh hi?inh~p. Hi~n

nay, Chinh phu dang co gang thl,J'C

hi~n chu trLfelngtU'ngbLfOCtang von

dieu I~ cho bon NHTMNhanLfacd~

tang cLfCJnghang Il,J'Ctai chinh cua

cac NHTM nay theo tieu chuan

quoc te, .kho.angmi?tty USD,cM

yeu bang cach phat hanhtrai phieu

d~c bi~t cua Bi?Hi chinh. Choden

tMi di~m nam 2003, Chinh pM da

cap bo sung cho 4 ngan hang nay

7.750 ty dong tren tong so tien

10.740 ty dong cho giai do~n tCt

2002 - 2005. 80i vai cac nganhang

thLfelng/m~i co phan (NHTMCP),

Mn hanhcelcau I~ithee hLfangsap

* Hoc vien Ngan hang '\ "

'-- 69