Kiểm soát tính công bằng của các điều khoản mẫu

KIEM SOAT

TINH CONG BANG CUA CAC DIEU KHOAN MAU

Nguyen Thi Dung*

Tdm tat: Bdi viet phdn tich, ddnh gid quy dinh phdp ludt Men hdnh ve kiem sodt

tinh cdng bdng cua cdc dieu khodn mdu, nhdn dien nhirng vdn de bdt cap trong cdc quy

dinh phdp lugt, ddi chiiu so sdnh vdi quy dinh phdp lugt tuang ung cua mot sd qude gia

vd viing lanh thd. Qua do, bdi viet de xudt nhimg gidi phdp hodn thien phdp lugt Viet

Nam ve vdn de ndy.

Abstract: The article analyzes and evaluates the current legal provisions on the

control of fairness of standard terms, and identifies shortcomings thereof in comparison

to corresponding regulations of a number of countries and territories. Thereby, it makes

certain proposals to improve Vietnamese law in this respect.

Dieu khoan mdu dugc hieu Id nhftng

dieu khodn do radt ben tham gia

hgp ddng soan sdn de su dyng nhieu lan,

bSn/cac ben cdn lai khdng cd khd ndng dam

phdn thay ddi ndi dung rad chi ed kha ndng

chdp thudn hoac tu chdi dieu khodn (take it

or leave it)'. Ben ban hdnh dieu khodn mdu

cd the tiet kiem dugc chi phi vd thdi gian

bdi chi cdn thu thdp vd chdt Igc nhftng thdng

tin cdn thiet nham xdy dung cac dieu khodn

cua hgp ddng mot Idn, nhung lai cd the sii

dung lap di lap lai cho nhieu giao dich vdi

m6t hodc nhieu ddi tac khac nhau. Chinh vi

ly do thiit thyc ndy, diiu khodn mdu da trd

thanh mot phan khdng the thieu trong ddi

s6ng hien dai, dac biet la trong ky nguyen

so vdi sy phdt trien cua thuong mai dien tu

ngay nay.

Tuy nhien, cd the thdy, cdc dieu khodn

mdu eiing tao ra nhung thdch thuc nhdt dinh

ddi vdi quan niem tmyen thdng ve hgp

' ThS., Khoa Phap luat dan su va Kiem sat dan su,

Truang Dai hoc KiSm sat Ha Npi.

' F. Kessler, Contracts of Adhesion - Some thoughts

about freedom of contract, Colum.L.Rev. (1943),

629.

ddng, vi du: Trade thyc te phdt trien cua

viec su dung cac dieu khodn radu, nhieu he

thing phdp luat thudng dua ra mdt ca che

di kiem sodt tinh cdng bang trong npi dung

cdc dieu khodn mdu - dieu nay theo ly

thuyit trayin thing ve hgp ddng: Hgp ddng

Id ket qua cua su thda thudn giua cac ben^,

se Id sy can thiep qud muc cua Nha nude

vao su ty chu vd tu do y chi cua cac ben

trong quan he tu. Mac du vdy, chiing ta deu

ddng y rdng, cac dieu khodn cua hgp ddng,

niu la kit qua cua qud trinh thda thudn mot

cdch bmh ding se phdn dnh dugc mdt cdch

cdng bdng quyin Igi cua cdc ben trong hgp

ddng. Vdn di la cdc dieu khoan mau khi

dugc su dung lai khdng thda man dugc yeu

td ndy bdi thuc ti la trong cdc hgp dong su

dyng diiu khoan radu, ben khong ban hanh

diiu khodn mdu thudng Id ben yiu thi^ vi

- Thomas Wilhelmsson, Standard Form Condition:

in Hartkamp, A.S., Hesselink, M.W., Hondius,

E.H.,Mak, C, & Perron, C.E. Towards a European

civil code. - 4th rev. and exp. Kiuwer law

intemational (2011), 571-586.

^ Ngoai ly thuyit nay, co thg tim thSy cac ly thuyet

khac nhu su bat can ximg vS thong tin, hoac hoc

thuyit vi chi phi giao dich - Xem them Do Giang

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