IPhone in Action pps

iPhone in Action

iPhone in Action

INTRODUCTION TO WEB AND SDK DEVELOPMENT

CHRISTOPHER ALLEN

SHANNON APPELCLINE

MANNING

Greenwich

(74° w. long.)

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ISBN 193398886X

Printed in the United States of America

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 – MAL – 13 12 11 10 09 08

v

contents

preface xv

acknowledgments xvii

about this book xix

PART 1INTRODUCING IPHONE PROGRAMMING.................... 1

1 Introducing the iPhone 3

1.1 iPhone core specifications 4

iPhone input and output specifications 5 ■ iPhone network

specifications 6 ■ iPhone browser specifications 7 ■ Other iPhone

hardware features 8

1.2 How the iPhone compares to the industry 8

The physical comparison 9 ■ Competitive internet viewing 9

Mobile web standards 10 ■ The rest of the story 10

1.3 How the iPhone is unique 10

1.4 Understanding iPhone input and output 12

Output and iPhone viewport 12 ■ Output and orientations 12

Input and iPhone mousing 13

1.5 Summary 15

vi CONTENTS

2 Web development or the SDK? 16

2.1 Comparing the two programming styles 16

2.2 A central philosophy: the continuum of programming 18

2.3 Advantages and disadvantages 19

Web development 19 ■ SDK development 21 ■ To each program its

platform 22

2.4 Stand-alone iPhone development 22

Web development models 23 ■ SDK development models 24

2.5 Integrated iPhone development 25

Mirrored development 26 ■ Mixed development 26 ■ Client-server

development 27 ■ Last thoughts on integration 27

2.6 Summary 27

PART 2DESIGNING WEB PAGES FOR THE IPHONE ............... 29

3 Redeveloping web pages for the iPhone 31

3.1 The iPhone viewport 32

Making sitewide viewport changes 34 ■ Making local viewport

changes 34 ■ Viewport properties and constants 35

3.2 Making your web pages iPhone friendly 36

Avoiding missing iPhone functionality 36 ■ Creating good links 39

Practicing good web work 39 ■ Fixing common problems 41

3.3 Making your web pages iPhone optimized 43

Detecting the iPhone through USER_AGENT 43 ■ Detecting the

iPhone through CSS 44 ■ Optimizing with CSS 44

3.4 Manipulating iPhone chrome 45

The three bars 45 ■ Web clips 46

3.5 Capturing iPhone events 47

One-fingered touches 47 ■ Two-fingered gestures 48

3.6 Redisplaying web pages 49

The Gmail iPhone pages 50 ■ The Facebook iPhone pages 51

3.7 Supporting non-iPhone users 52

3.8 Summary 54

CONTENTS vii

4 Advanced WebKit and textual web apps 55

4.1 Introducing the WebKit 56

New HTML elements 57 ■ New CSS elements 57

4.2 CSS transforms, transitions, and animations 59

The transform function 59 ■ The transition function 61 ■ The

animation function 64

4.3 The WebKit database 65

Loading a database 65 ■ Running a transaction 65 ■ A sample

database 66

4.4 Adjusting the chrome 69

4.5 Recognizing touches and gestures 69

Accessing events 70 ■ Converting events 71 ■ Accessing touches 72

Accessing gestures 74

4.6 Recognizing orientation 75

4.7 Upcoming features: CSS gradients and masks 76

CSS gradients 76 ■ CSS masks 77 ■ The Canvas alternative 77

4.8 Summary 78

5 Using iUI for web apps 80

5.1 Creating your own iPhone UI 81

The graphical interface 81 ■ The iPhone data paradigm 83 ■ Other

iPhone design elements 83

5.2 Getting ready for iUI 84

5.3 Developing with iUI 85

The iUI toolbar 86 ■ iUI lists 87 ■ iUI dialogs 89 ■ iUI searches

done right with Ajax 90 ■ iUI panels and rows 91 ■ iUI buttons 92

iUI attributes 93

5.4 Creating an iUI back end 94

5.5 Other iUI tips and tricks 95

Organizing your code 95 ■ Improving data listings 97

Compressing iUI 98 ■ Selecting a different look 98

5.6 Integrating iUI with other libraries 99

Using jQuery with iUI 99 ■ Using iUI with WebKit 100

5.7 Summary 101

viii CONTENTS

6 Using Canvas for web apps 102

6.1 Getting ready for Canvas 103

Enabling Canvas 103 ■ Ensuring compatibility 103 ■ Putting it

together 104

6.2 Drawing paths 105

Basic path commands 106 ■ Curve commands 107

6.3 Drawing shapes 110

Drawing rectangles 110 ■ Writing shape functions 110

6.4 Creating styles: colors, gradients, and lines 112

Color styles 112 ■ Gradient styles 112 ■ Line styles 114

6.5 Modifying composition and clipping 114

Global variables 115 ■ Clipping paths 116

6.6 Transforming and restoring 116

Transformations 116 ■ State stacking 117

6.7 Incorporating images, patterns, and text 117

Image commands 118 ■ Pattern commands 119 ■ Text

commands 119

6.8 Putting it together 120

6.9 Applying animation 121

6.10 Summary 123

7 Building web apps with Dashcode 124

7.1 An introduction to Dashcode 125

Starting a Dashcode project 126 ■ The anatomy of Dashcode 126

Running Dashcode projects 130 ■ Deploying Dashcode projects 130

7.2 Writing Dashcode programs 131

Using library parts 132 ■ Adding action buttons 134 ■ Using

the list-based Browser template 135 ■ Working with the stackLayout

part 136 ■ Exploring the rest of Dashcode 139

7.3 Integrating Dashcode with existing libraries 140

Integrating Dashcode with WebKit 140 ■ Integrating Dashcode

with iUI 141 ■ Integrating Dashcode with Canvas 141 ■ Deeper

integration 142

7.4 Summary 142

CONTENTS ix

8 Debugging iPhone web pages 143

8.1 Using Apache locally 143

8.2 Debugging with your desktop browser 144

Using Safari 144 ■ Using Firefox 146 ■ Using the iPhone

Simulator 148

8.3 Debugging with your iPhone 149

Using iPhone Debug 150 ■ Using bookmarklets 150

8.4 Profiling for the iPhone 151

8.5 Summary 152

9 SDK programming for web developers 154

9.1 An introduction to C’s concepts 155

Declarations and typing 156 ■ Memory management and pointers 157

File structure and directives 158 ■ Compiling 158 ■ Other

elements 159

9.2 An introduction to object-oriented programming 159

Objects and classes 160 ■ Messaging 160

9.3 The Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern 161

9.4 Summary 162

PART 3LEARNING SDK FUNDAMENTALS ........................ 165

10 Learning Objective-C and the iPhone OS 167

10.1 Getting ready for the SDK 168

Installing the SDK 168 ■ The anatomy of the SDK 169

10.2 Introducing Objective-C 171

The big picture 171 ■ The message 172 ■ Class definition 174

Properties 176 ■ Other compiler directives 178 ■ Categories and

protocols 179 ■ Wrapping up Objective-C 179

10.3 Introducing the iPhone OS 180

The anatomy of the iPhone OS 180 ■ Windows and views 183

10.4 The iPhone OS’s methods 184

Object creation 184 ■ Memory management 186 ■ Event response 187

Life-cycle management 188

10.5 Summary 189

x CONTENTS

11 Using Xcode 190

11.1 Introducing Xcode 190

The anatomy of Xcode 191 ■ Compiling and executing in Xcode 192

11.2 Creating a first project in Xcode: Hello, World! 192

Understanding main.m 193 ■ Understanding the application

delegate 194 ■ Writing Hello, World! 196

11.3 Creating a new class in Xcode 198

The new class how-to 199 ■ The header file 199 ■ The source code

file 200 ■ Linking it in 202

11.4 Other Xcode functionality 202

Adding frameworks with Xcode 202 ■ Using alternate templates with

Xcode 203 ■ Xcode tips and tricks 204

11.5 Summary 205

12 Using Interface Builder 206

12.1 An introduction to Interface Builder 207

The anatomy of Interface Builder 207 ■ Simulating in Interface

Builder 210

12.2 Creating a first project in Interface Builder:

pictures and the web 210

Creating new objects 210 ■ Manipulating objects graphically 211

Using the inspector window 211 ■ Working with pictures 213

12.3 Building connections in Interface Builder 214

Declaring an IBOutlet 215 ■ Connecting an object 215 ■ Coding

with IBOutlets 216

12.4 Other Interface Builder functionality 217

Building other connections 217 ■ Creating external objects 218

Initializing Interface Builder objects 218 ■ Accessing .xib files 219

Creating new .xib files 219

12.5 Summary 220

13 Creating basic view controllers 221

13.1 The view controller family 222

13.2 The bare view controller 223

The anatomy of a view controller 223 ■ Creating a view

controller 224 ■ Building up a view controller interface 225

Using your view controller 226

CONTENTS xi

13.3 The table view controller 231

The anatomy of a table view controller 231 ■ Creating a table view

controller 231 ■ Building up a table interface 233 ■ Using your

table view controller 238

13.4 Summary 239

14 Monitoring events and actions 240

14.1 An introduction to events 240

The responder chain 241 ■ Touches and events 242

14.2 A touching example: the event reporter 244

Setting things up in Interface Builder 245 ■ Preparing a view for

touches 246 ■ Controlling your events 248

14.3 Other event functionality 250

Regulating events 250 ■ Other event methods and properties 251

14.4 An introduction to actions 252

The UIControl object 252 ■ Control events and actions 252 ■ The

addTarget:action:forControlEvents: method 254

14.5 Adding a button to an application 255

Using addTarget:action:forControlEvents: 255 ■ Using an IBAction 256

14.6 Other action functionality 257

The UITextField 257 ■ The UISlider 259 ■ A TextField/Slider

mashup 260 ■ Actions made easy 261 ■ Actions in use 261

14.7 Introducing notifications 262

14.8 Summary 262

15 Creating advanced view controllers 264

15.1 The tab bar view controller 265

The anatomy of a tab bar controller 265 ■ Creating a tab bar

controller 266 ■ Building a tab bar interface 267 ■ Using your tab

bar controller 271

15.2 The navigation controller 271

The anatomy of a navigation controller 272 ■ Creating a

navigation controller 273 ■ Building a navigation controller 274

Using your navigation controller 276

15.3 Using the flipside controller 279

15.4 Modal view controllers 281

15.5 Summary 281

xii CONTENTS

PART 4PROGRAMMING WITH THE SDK TOOLKIT............ 283

16 Data: actions, preferences, files, SQLite, and addresses 285

16.1 Accepting user actions 286

16.2 Maintaining user preferences 288

Creating your own preferences 288 ■ Using the system settings 293

16.3 Opening files 297

Accessing your bundle 298 ■ Accessing other directories 299

Manipulating files 300 ■ Filesaver: a UITextView example 301

16.4 Using SQLite 303

Setting up an SQLite database 304 ■ Accessing SQLite 305

Accessing your SQLite database 305 ■ Building a navigation menu

from a database 306 ■ Expanding this example 313

16.5 Accessing the Address Book 313

An overview of the frameworks 313 ■ Accessing Address Book

properties 314 ■ Querying the Address Book 316 ■ Using the

Address Book UI 318

16.6 Summary 322

17 Positioning: accelerometers and location 324

17.1 The accelerometer and orientation 325

The orientation property 325 ■ The orientation notification 325

17.2 The accelerometer and movement 326

Accessing the UIAccelerometer 326 ■ Parsing the UIAcceleration 327

Checking for gravity 328 ■ Checking for movement 330

Recognizing simple accelerometer movement 330

17.3 The accelerometer and gestures 333

17.4 All about Core Location 335

The location classes 336 ■ An example using location and distance 337

An example using altitude 340 ■ Core Location and the Internet 342

17.5 Summary 343

18 Media: images and sounds 344

18.1 An introduction to images 345

Loading a UIImage 345 ■ Drawing a UIImageView 346

Modifying an image in the UIKit 347

18.2 Drawing simple images with Core Graphics 347

CONTENTS xiii

18.3 Accessing photos 349

Using the image picker 349 ■ Taking photos 349 ■ Saving to the

photo album 350

18.4 Collage: an image example 351

The collage view controller 351 ■ The collage temporary image

view 354 ■ The collage view 355 ■ Expanding on this example 356

18.5 Using the Media Player framework 357

The media player class 357 ■ The volume view 359 ■ Better

integrating the media player 359

18.6 Playing sounds manually 360

Playing simple sounds 361 ■ Vibrating the iPhone 362 ■ Playing

complex sounds 362 ■ Other audio frameworks 364

18.7 Summary 365

19 Graphics: Quartz, Core Animation, and OpenGL 366

19.1 An introduction to Quartz 2D 367

19.2 The Quartz context 367

Drawing to a UIView 369 ■ Drawing to a bitmap 370

19.3 Drawing paths 371

Finishing a path 372 ■ Creating reusable paths 373 ■ Drawing

rectangles 374

19.4 Setting the graphic state 375

Setting colors 375 ■ Making transformations 376 ■ Setting

clipping paths 379 ■ Other settings 379 ■ Managing the

state 380

19.5 Advanced drawing in Quartz 381

Drawing gradients 381 ■ Drawing images 383 ■ Drawing

words 384 ■ What we didn’t cover 385

19.6 Drawing on a picture: an example 386

The photodraw view controller 386 ■ The photodraw view 388

Expanding on the example 390

19.7 An introduction to Core Animation 391

The fundamentals of Core Animation 391 ■ Getting started with

Core Animation 392 ■ Drawing a simple implicit animation 392

Drawing a simple explicit animation 393

19.8 An introduction to OpenGL 394

19.9 Summary 394

xiv CONTENTS

20 The web: web views and internet protocols 396

20.1 The hierarchy of the internet 397

20.2 Low-level networking 397

The CFHost class 398

20.3 Working with URLs 399

Creating an NSURL 399 ■ Building an NSURLRequest 400

Manipulating HTML data by hand 400

20.4 Using UIWebView 401

Calling up the web view 402 ■ Managing the web view delegate 403

Thumbnails: a web view example 403 ■ Google Maps: a Core

Location example 405

20.5 Parsing XML 407

Starting up NSXMLParser 408 ■ Acting as a delegate 408

Building a sample RSS reader: an XML example 409 ■ Altitude

redux: a Core Location example 414

20.6 POSTing to the web 416

POSTing by hand 416 ■ Submitting forms 417

20.7 Accessing the social web 418

Using web protocols 419 ■ Using TouchJSON 420

20.8 Summary 421

appendix A iPhone OS class reference 423

appendix B External sources and references 427

appendix C Publishing your SDK program 429

index 433