Investigation, assement for current environment of tourist areas in Bac Lieu Province and proposing management solution :Master's thesis - Major : Sciences and management of the environment

THE JOINT ACADEMIC PROGRAM OF EXECUTIVE MASTER IN

SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT

BETWEEN INDUSTRIAL UNIVERSITY OF HOCHIMINH CITY AND

LIÈGE UNIVERSITY

DANG THI BICH NGOC

INVESTIGATION, ASSESSMENT FOR

CURRENT ENVIRONMENT OF TOURIST

AREAS IN BAC LIEU PROVINCE AND

PROPOSING MANAGEMENT SOLUTION

Major: EXECUTIVE MASTER IN SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT OF

THE ENVIRONMENT

MASTER’S THESIS

HOCHIMINH CITY, 2018

The project was completed at The Industrial University of Hochiminh City

Supervisor‟s name: .......................................................................................

(Write full name and signature)

The thesis was taken at The Industrial University of Hochiminh City date . . . . .

month . . . . year . . . . .

Committee members (name):

1. ........................................................................................... - Committee Chair

2. ........................................................................................... - Commissioner

3. ........................................................................................... - Secretary

(Write full name and signature)

COMMITTEE CHAIR DEAN OF INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL

SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT

1

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I hereby declare that this thesis has been written by me and that it is a record of my

own research work. It has neither in whole nor in part been presented for another

degree elsewhere. Works by other researchers have been duly cited by references to

the respective authors and all assistance received acknowledged accordingly.

I would like to send my sincere thanks to the professors of University of Liege and

IESEM, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, who have imparted knowledge to

me in recent years. It is very important for me to be able to successfully complete my

dissertation.

I am highly indebted to my supervisors Dr. Le Viet Thang for his persistent effort in

guiding, supervising and encouraging me throughout the course of study.

I would like to thank Prof. HAUGLUSTAINE Jean-Marie, for his advice and

encouragement.

I would like to thank Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City for securing funds

for this study.

Finally, thanks a lot!

Author

Dang Thi Bich Ngoc

2

ABSTRACT

Bac Lieu tourism has developed fast and flourishes, sustainability; improved travel

infrastructure; the new cultural tourism projects were invested. These projects have

created many unique, special products which attach a lot of tourists

Besides the contributions that tourism brings, the tourism sector is becoming the

main agent causing environmental pollution in tourist areas in the province

Therefore, the subject "Investigation, assessment for current environment of tourist

areas in Bac Lieu province and proposing management solution" are needed and take

the practical implications contributes to sustainable development of tourism of Bac

Lieu province.

Through the process of surveying and assessing the current status of the tourism

environment in Bac Lieu province area, water quality and air quality in tourist

destinations of the province is relatively good. Environmental pollution mainly

occurs locally in some locations near residential and urban areas, traffic points,

restaurants and hotels…

Environmental protection activities of the province in recent years have achieved

many practical results. However, the state management system of the environment in

the tourist areas in the province is too thin and not corresponding to the requirements

and tasks set out. Investment for environmental protection is also still low. In

addition, a certain number of citizens, tourists and managers' awareness of

environmental protection at tourist attractions is quite low as well.

The environmental impact of tourism activities is reflected in the pollution of surface

water, waste water, waste at tourist attractions and current drawbacks of

environmental management at tourist attractions in the province, which are factors

that affect the sustainable development of tourism.

Therefore, effective implementation of solutions proposed by the task is to improve

the quality of environmental management in the sustainable development of the

province.

3

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLE ........................................................................................................5

LIST OF FIGURE.......................................................................................................6

INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................9

1. The reason for choosing the topic.......................................................................9

2. Objectives of the study .....................................................................................10

3. Subject and scope of the study..........................................................................11

4. Implications ......................................................................................................11

5. Implemetation methodology.............................................................................11

CHAPTER 1 THE CURRENT STATUS OF TOURISM RESOURCES AND

BAC LIEU PROVINCE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT PLANNING ....................21

1.1 Travel resources..............................................................................................21

1.1.1 Status of tourism resources......................................................................21

1.1.2 Current status and planning of Bac Lieu tourism development..............30

1.2 Current status of environmental management in tourist activities in Bac Lieu36

1.2.1 Overview of environmental impacts from tourism activities..................36

1.2.2 The current status of environmental organization and management in

t0ourism activities ............................................................................................41

1.2.3 Organizational structure of environmental management in tourism

activities............................................................................................................45

1.2.4 The shortcomings in the tourism environment protection ......................46

CHAPTER 2 CURRENT STATUS OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AT

TOURISM SITES, BAC LIEU PROVINCE............................................................50

2.1 Current status of environmental quality at tourism sites................................50

2.1.1 Current Status of surface water quality ...................................................50

2.1.2 Current status of underground water quality..........................................59

2.1.3 The state of the surrounding air environment .........................................64

2.2. Map of current environmental quality at tourism sites..................................67

2.2.1 Water quality mapping ............................................................................67

4

2.2.2 Mapping the current status of air quality ................................................70

CHAPTER 3 EVALUATION OF CURRENT STATUS OF ENVIRONMENTAL

MANAGEMENT AT BAC LIEU TOURIST SITES...............................................72

3.1 Assessment of tourist visitor on environmental quality of provincial tourism72

3.1.1 Types of tourism business activities at tourist destinations generating

waste .................................................................................................................72

3.1.2 Assessment of environmental quality at tourist attractions.....................72

3.2 Evaluation of the amount of pollutants generated from the operation of tourist

destinations ...........................................................................................................75

3.2.1 Currrent status of waste water generation ...............................................75

3.2.2 Current status of solid waste generation ................................................83

3.2.3 Emission current status............................................................................86

3.3 Evaluation of the compliance with the law on environmental protection and

environmental management at tourist destinations ..............................................89

3.3.1 Current status of legal compliance with environmental protection of

tourist sites........................................................................................................89

3.3.2 Environmental management work...........................................................90

CHAPTER 4 SOLUTIONS PROPOSED FOR TOURISM ENVIRONMENTAL

PROTECTION 101

4.1 Technical solutions.......................................................................................101

4.1.1 Prevention and control of pollution in tourism business......................101

4.1.2 Models of environmental protection at tourist attractions ....................103

4.2 Solutions to managing and protecting tourism environment........................107

4.2.1 General management solutions .............................................................107

4.2.2 Environmental management solutions at tourist attractions .................112

CONCLUSION.......................................................................................................118

REFERENCES........................................................................................................119

5

LIST OF TABLE

Table 0.1 Location of surface water sampling at tourist sites ................................13

Table 0.2 Location of underground water sampling at tourist sites .......................14

Table 0.3 Location of wastewater sampling at tourist sites....................................15

Table 0.4 Location of ambient air sampling at tourist sites....................................16

Table 0.5 Analytical methods for air samples ........................................................16

Table 0.6 Assignment of water quality assessment according to WQI ..................17

Table 0.7 Compare the level of air quality .............................................................19

Table 2.1 Results of calculating and comparing WQI at 07 sampling sites...........68

Table 2.2 Results of calculating and comparing hourly AQI at 10 locations.........70

Table 3.1 Wastewater discharge at tourist sites......................................................75

Table 3.2 Load of pollutants generated in wastewater daily at tourist sites...........83

Table 3.3 Volume of solid waste generated at tourist sites ....................................84

Table 3.4 Composition of waste at tourist sites .....................................................85

Table 3.5 Pollution load coefficient of vehicles .....................................................87

Table 3.6 Volume of pollutant emissions...............................................................88

Table 3.7Current status of legal compliance of environmental protection at tourist

sites..............................................................................................................................89

Table 3.8 Situation of wastewater management at some key tourist sites of Bac

Lieu province ..............................................................................................................91

Table 3.9 Results of public toilets inspection for tourists.......................................93

Table 3.10...Situation of waste management at some key tourist sites of the province .

.....................................................................................................................................97

Table 3.11Situation of emission management at some key tourist sites of Bac Lieu

province......... .............................................................................................................99

6

LIST OF FIGURE

Figure 0.1 Garbage on the coastl areas at Nha Mat (Bac Lieu provinces)...........10

Figure 0.2 Garbage on Vinh Hung pagoda (Bac Lieu provinces)........................10

Figure 1.1 Bac Lieu Bird Sanctuary .....................................................................21

Figure 1.2 Bac Lieu antique longan garden..........................................................22

Figure 1.3 Nam Hai Mausoleum...........................................................................23

Figure 1.4 Ganh Hao sea door ..............................................................................23

Figure 1.5 Nha Mat Resort ...................................................................................23

Figure 1.6 Bac Lieu Dandy‟s house......................................................................25

Figure 1.7 Cao Van Lau Composer Memorial .....................................................25

Figure 1.8 Guanyin Buddha station ......................................................................26

Figure 1.9 Tac Say church ....................................................................................26

Figure 1.10 Uncle Ho's temple ...............................................................................27

Figure 1.11 The Party Committee's bases...............................................................28

Figure 1.12 Dong Noc Nang National Monument .................................................28

Figure 1.13. Xiem Can pagoda ................................................................................29

Figure 1.14 Domestic visitors market for travel purposes......................................34

Figure 1.15 International tourist market for tourism purposes...............................34

Figure 1.16 Waste status is not collected at tourist sites ........................................47

Figure 1.17 Current status of rivers and canals contaminated at tourist sites ........48

Figure 2.1 Results of analysis of pH in surface water ..........................................50

Figure 2.2 Results of TSS concentration analysis in surface water......................51

Figure 2.3 Analysis of DO concentration in surface water ..................................52

Figure 2.4 Analysis of COD concentration in surface water................................53

Figure 2.5 Results of BOD5 concentration in surface water at tourist sites.........54

Figure 2.6 Results of analysis of N-NH4 + concentration in surface water.........55

Figure 2.7 Results of P-PO4 concentration in surface water at tourist sites ........55

7

Figure 2.8Results of analysis of N-NO2 concentration in surface water at tourist sites

....................... .............................................................................................................56

Figure 2.9 Results of analysis of N-NO3 concentration in surface water ............56

Figure 2.10 Results of analysis of coliforms concentration in surface water.........57

Figure 2.11 Analysis of Fe concentration in surface water ....................................58

Figure 2.12 Results of pH analysis in groundwater................................................60

Figure 2.13 Analysis of Fe concentration in groundwater .....................................60

Figure 2.14 Analysis of Cl concentrations in groundwater....................................61

Figure 2.15 Analysis of hardness in underground water at tourist sites.................61

Figure 2.16Results of analysis of coliform concentrations in groundwater at tourist

sites................ .............................................................................................................62

Figure 2.17 Analysis of nitrate concentration in groundwater ...............................62

Figure 2.18 Analysis of nitrite concentration in groundwater................................63

Figure 2.19 Analysis of sulfate concentration in groundwater...............................63

Figure 2.20 Analysis of SO2 concentration in ambient air ....................................65

Figure 2.21 Analysis of NO2 concentration in ambient air....................................65

Figure 2.22 Analysis of CO concentration in ambient air......................................66

Figure 2.23 Analysis of dust concentration in ambient air.....................................66

Figure 2.24 Results of noise analysis (dBA) in ambient air at tourist sites............67

Figure 2.1 Map of current status surface water quality ........................................69

Figure 2.2 Map of current status of air quality .....................................................71

Figure 3.1 Types of business at key tourist destinations ......................................72

Figure 3.2 Quality of Bac Lieu tourism environment as assessed by tourists......73

Figure 3.3 Environmental quality at tourist destinations as assessed by tourists.74

Figure 3.4 Current status of wastewater flow.......................................................76

Figure 3.5 Results of pH analysis of wastewater..................................................77

Figure 3.6 Results of BOD5 value analysis of wastewater ..................................78

Figure 3.7 Results of TSS analysis of wastewater................................................79

Figure 3.8 Results of TDS analysis of wastewater...............................................79

8

Figure 3.9 Results of the ammonium value analysis of wastewater.....................80

Figure 3.10 Results of nitrate analysis of wastewater ............................................80

Figure 3.11 Results of phosphate analysis of wastewater ......................................81

Figure 3.12 Results of coliform value analysis of wastewater at tourist sites........81

Figure 3.13 Results of oil and grease value analysis of wastewater at tourist sites82

Figure 4.1 Volume of solid waste generated daily ...............................................85

Figure 4.1 Waste management model at tourist sites .........................................104

Figure 4.2 Waste water management model from tourist sites ..........................106

9

INTRODUCTION

1. The reason for choosing the topic

Bac Lieu tourism has developed fast and flourishes, sustainability; improved travel

infrastructure; the new cultural tourism projects were invested. These projects have

created many unique, special products which attach a lot of tourists. Many typical

tourism areas were exploited effectively and have many visitors as: Ho Chi Minh

President Temple (Vinh Loi district); Bac Lieu Dasher‟s House; the system of

historical culture (memorial center of Art of Don ca tai tu music and song in the

South of Viet Nam and Cao Van Lau musician; Hung Vuong square; Nha Mat

artificial sea; Nam Hai Buddha's altar; Tac Say churches; Noc Nang historical

monuments (Gia Rai town); Nam Hai mausoleum (Dong Hai district);…; the tourism

promotion, interest and tight direction; the linking region is expanded, attracting

more and more economic sectors and investors involved in tourism development.

From 2012 to now, tourism revenue reached 3,132 billion, an increase of 20.5%

annually on average, the amount of tourists coming every year steadily increasing. In

2015, the tourism revenue-service all five of about 970 billion, an increase of 1.6

times compared to perform in 2012; the tourists reached about 1,100,000 weekly,

nearly twice in comparison with the year 2012 ...

Besides the contributions that tourism brings, the tourism sector is becoming the

main agent causing environmental pollution in tourist areas in the province. Some of

historical, cultural, scenic, culture is in tourism development planning are at risk of

degradation. Environment, natural landscapes are at risk of pollution, invasive.

Causes of environmental pollution in the above mentioned tourist area, is due to the

work of environmental hygiene have not been organizations, individuals in this field

of interest on a regular basis. Garbage has not been picked up, handled thoroughly,

leading to environmental pollution near residential areas, restaurants and hotels;

wastewater treatment system have yet to be invested, so waste water resources in

these areas is mainly discharged into the environment, ....

10

In addition, visitor consciousness is not yet high, they through trash, food scraps

indiscriminately on the beach, relic area, ... While the majority of garbage has not

been processed, or there are only processed by the method of burying ... affect the

landscape, the natural environment and the quality of water supplies in the area. Lack

of coordination between the authorities, scientific bodies, corporate business travel in

the using, management of tourism resources.

Figure 0.1 Garbage on the coastl areas

at Nha Mat (Bac Lieu provinces) [1]

Figure 0.2 Garbage on Vinh Hung

pagoda (Bac Lieu provinces) [1]

Tourism is an important economic sector of Bac Lieu and it is also a sensitive

economic sector. Tourism development based on the advantage of natural resources

and the environment and also due to the tourist activities contribute to ruin its own

development advantage.

Therefore, the subject "Investigation, assessment for current environment of tourist

areas in Bac Lieu province and proposing management solution" are needed and take

the practical implications contributes to the development of tourism of Bac Lieu

province.

2. Objectives of the study

2.1 General Objective

Investigation, assessment for current environment of tourist areas in Bac Lieu

province and proposing management solution for sustainable development of tourist

industry in Bac Lieu province