Thư viện tri thức trực tuyến
Kho tài liệu với 50,000+ tài liệu học thuật
© 2023 Siêu thị PDF - Kho tài liệu học thuật hàng đầu Việt Nam
Improving the Performance of Wireless LANs
Nội dung xem thử
Mô tả chi tiết
K15903
Nurul Sarkar
Sarkar
Chapman & Hall/CRC
Computer & Information Science Series Chapman & Hall/CRC
Computer & Information Science Series
While there are countless books on wireless networks, few actually
quantify the key performance-limiting factors of wireless local area
networks (WLANs) and describe various methods for improving WLAN
performance. Fulfilling these needs, Improving the Performance of
Wireless LANs: A Practical Guide provides both theoretical background and empirical results for the optimum planning and deployment
of high performance WLAN systems in different residential and commercial buildings.
Useful to students, faculties, researchers, engineers, and network
developers, this must-have book not only explains the fundamentals
of WLAN systems, including WLAN features and standards, but also:
• Supplies strategic guidelines for WLAN system design, modeling,
and performance evaluation
• Includes radio propagation and site measurements as well as
simulations for various network design scenarios
• Discusses environmental effects on WLAN performance, protocol
redesign for routing and MAC, and traffic distribution
• Contains numerous illustrations and examples, plus chapter
summaries, review questions, reading lists, mini-projects, an
extensive glossary, and a list of acronyms
• Examines emerging and future network technologies, such as
next generation Wi-Fi (802.11ac), very high throughput Wi-Fi
(802.11ad), wireless mesh networking (802.11s), emergency QoS
(802.11u), and vehicle-to-vehicle communications (802.11p)
Improving the Performance of Wireless LANs: A Practical Guide
makes the teaching, learning, and researching of advanced wireless
network design and performance a more active process by using practical tools and exercises to add life to this highly technical subject.
Improving the
Performance of
Wireless LANs
A Practical Guide
Improving the Performance of Wireless LANs
Computer Science/Wireless Technology
K15903_Cover.indd 1 11/20/13 9:26 AM
Improving the
Performance of
Wireless LANs
A Practical Guide
CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC
COMPUTER and INFORMATION SCIENCE SERIES
Series Editor: Sartaj Sahni
ADVERSARIAL REASONING: COMPUTATIONAL APPROACHES TO READING THE OPPONENT’S MIND
Alexander Kott and William M. McEneaney
DELAUNAY MESH GENERATION
Siu-Wing Cheng, Tamal Krishna Dey, and Jonathan Richard Shewchuk
DISTRIBUTED SENSOR NETWORKS, SECOND EDITION
S. Sitharama Iyengar and Richard R. Brooks
DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS: AN ALGORITHMIC APPROACH
Sukumar Ghosh
ENERGY-AWARE MEMORY MANAGEMENT FOR EMBEDDED MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS: A COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN APPROACH
Florin Balasa and Dhiraj K. Pradhan
ENERGY EFFICIENT HARDWARE-SOFTWARE CO-SYNTHESIS USING RECONFIGURABLE HARDWARE
Jingzhao Ou and Viktor K. Prasanna
FUNDAMENTALS OF NATURAL COMPUTING: BASIC CONCEPTS, ALGORITHMS, AND APPLICATIONS
Leandro Nunes de Castro
HANDBOOK OF ALGORITHMS FOR WIRELESS NETWORKING AND MOBILE COMPUTING
Azzedine Boukerche
HANDBOOK OF APPROXIMATION ALGORITHMS AND METAHEURISTICS
Teofilo F. Gonzalez
HANDBOOK OF BIOINSPIRED ALGORITHMS AND APPLICATIONS
Stephan Olariu and Albert Y. Zomaya
HANDBOOK OF COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Srinivas Aluru
HANDBOOK OF DATA STRUCTURES AND APPLICATIONS
Dinesh P. Mehta and Sartaj Sahni
HANDBOOK OF DYNAMIC SYSTEM MODELING
Paul A. Fishwick
HANDBOOK OF ENERGY-AWARE AND GREEN COMPUTING
Ishfaq Ahmad and Sanjay Ranka
HANDBOOK OF PARALLEL COMPUTING: MODELS, ALGORITHMS AND APPLICATIONS
Sanguthevar Rajasekaran and John Reif
HANDBOOK OF REAL-TIME AND EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
Insup Lee, Joseph Y-T. Leung, and Sang H. Son
PUBLISHED TITLES
HANDBOOK OF SCHEDULING: ALGORITHMS, MODELS, AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
Joseph Y.-T. Leung
HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING IN REMOTE SENSING
Antonio J. Plaza and Chein-I Chang
HUMAN ACTIVITY RECOGNITION: USING WEARABLE SENSORS AND SMARTPHONES
Miguel A. Labrador and Oscar D. Lara Yejas
IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE OF WIRELESS LANs: A PRACTICAL GUIDE
Nurul Sarkar
INTRODUCTION TO NETWORK SECURITY
Douglas Jacobson
LOCATION-BASED INFORMATION SYSTEMS: DEVELOPING REAL-TIME TRACKING APPLICATIONS
Miguel A. Labrador, Alfredo J. Pérez, and Pedro M. Wightman
METHODS IN ALGORITHMIC ANALYSIS
Vladimir A. Dobrushkin
MULTICORE COMPUTING: ALGORITHMS, ARCHITECTURES, AND APPLICATIONS
Sanguthevar Rajasekaran, Lance Fiondella, Mohamed Ahmed, and Reda A. Ammar
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF QUEUING AND COMPUTER NETWORKS
G. R. Dattatreya
THE PRACTICAL HANDBOOK OF INTERNET COMPUTING
Munindar P. Singh
SCALABLE AND SECURE INTERNET SERVICES AND ARCHITECTURE
Cheng-Zhong Xu
SOFTWARE APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT: A VISUAL C++®, MFC, AND STL TUTORIAL
Bud Fox, Zhang Wenzu, and Tan May Ling
SPECULATIVE EXECUTION IN HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTER ARCHITECTURES
David Kaeli and Pen-Chung Yew
VEHICULAR NETWORKS: FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE
Stephan Olariu and Michele C. Weigle
PUBLISHED TITLES CONTINUED
Nurul Sarkar
Improving the
Performance of
Wireless LANs
A Practical Guide
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2014 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Version Date: 20130729
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4665-6064-2 (eBook - PDF)
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts
have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume
responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers
have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to
copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has
not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint.
Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented,
including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system,
without written permission from the publishers.
For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.
com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood
Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and
registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC,
a separate system of payment has been arranged.
Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used
only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
and the CRC Press Web site at
http://www.crcpress.com
© 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
To my parents, my wife, Laila A. Sarkar,
and my son, Hamidul I. Sarkar
ix
© 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Contents
Foreword, xxv
Preface, xxvii
Acknowledgments, xxxiii
About the Author, xxxv
Acronyms, xxxvii
Section I Theoretical Background
Chapter 1 ◾ Introduction 3
Learning Outcomes 3
Introduction and Benefits of WLANs 3
WLAN Standards 5
Motivation for WLAN Performance Study 5
Methodology Adopted for WLAN Performance Study 7
Contribution and Structure of This Book 9
Further Reading 13
Books 13
Research Papers 13
Summary 13
Key Terms 14
Review Questions 14
Mini-Projects 14
x ◾ Contents
© 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Chapter 2 ◾ Wireless Local Area Networks 17
Learning Outcomes 17
Introduction 17
WLAN Architecture 18
WLAN versus Cellular Networks 20
WLAN Performance-Limiting Factors 21
IEEE 802.11 Physical Layer 22
Automatic Rate Fallback 24
Location-Dependent Effects 26
Capture Effect 26
Hidden and Exposed Station Problems 27
IEEE 802.11 Medium Access Control Methods 28
IEEE 802.11 DCF 29
IEEE 802.11 PCF 31
Shortcomings of 802.11 32
WLAN Performance Estimation Approaches 32
Further Reading 33
Books 33
Research Papers 33
Summary 34
Key Terms 34
Review Questions 35
Mini-Projects 35
Chapter 3 ◾ Radio Propagation Characteristics 37
Learning Outcomes 37
Introduction 37
Radio Propagation Mechanisms 38
Radio Propagation Environment: A Review of Literature 38
Signal Interference 41
Multipath Propagation 41
Attenuation 42
Contents ◾ xi
© 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Signal Quality: RSS, SNR, SIR, and BER 42
Received Signal Strength 42
Signal-to-Noise Ratio 43
Signal-to-Interference Ratio 43
Bit Error Rate 44
Further Reading 44
Books 44
Research Papers 44
Summary 44
Key Terms 45
Review Questions 45
Mini-Projects 45
Chapter 4 ◾ Wireless Medium Access Control Protocols 47
Learning Outcomes 47
Introduction 47
Wireless MAC Protocols: A Review of the Literature 48
Wireless MAC Protocol Classification 48
Contention-Based versus Contention-Free MAC Protocol 49
Representative MAC Protocols 50
Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance Protocol 52
Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance for Wireless
Networks Protocol 53
Centralized Packet Reservation Multiple Access (C-PRMA)
Protocol 53
Floor Acquisition Multiple Access and Group Allocation
Multiple Access with Packet Sensing (GAMA-PS) Protocols 54
Simple Dynamic Protocol (SDP), Dynamic 802.11 and 802.11+ 54
Priority Unavoidable Multiple Access (PUMA) Protocol 55
TDMA-Based Randomly Addressed Polling (TRAP) Protocol 55
Fast Collision Resolution (FCR) 55
Interleaved Carrier Sense Multiple Access (ICSMA) Protocol 55
xii ◾ Contents
© 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Collision-Free MAC, Fair MAC, and 802.11 Distributed
Foundation Wireless MAC (DFWMAC) 56
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with ID Countdown (CSMA/
IC) and Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision
Prevention (CSMA/CP) Protocols 56
Concatenation and Piggybacking Mechanisms 57
Collision Detection (CD) MAC Protocol 57
New Backoff Algorithm 57
MAC Protocol Performance Issues 57
Design Issues for Wireless MAC Protocols 60
Influence of Radio Propagation on MAC Protocol Design 60
Effect of Network Performance on MAC Protocol Design 61
Further Reading 62
Books 62
Research Papers 62
Summary 62
Key Terms 63
Review Questions 63
Mini-Projects 64
Chapter 5 ◾ Wireless Routing Protocols 65
Learning Outcomes 65
Introduction 65
Properties of Routing Protocols 66
Design Issues of Routing Protocols 66
MANET Routing Approaches 68
Optimized Link State Routing 69
Dynamic Source Routing 69
Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector 72
Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm 75
Comparison of Routing Protocols 78
Performance of Routing Protocols 80
Performance Issues 82
Contents ◾ xiii
© 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
A Proposal for Improving MANET Routing Performance 85
Further Reading 87
Books 87
Research Papers 89
Summary 89
Key Terms 89
Review Questions 89
Mini-Projects 90
Chapter 6 ◾ Cross-Layer Design for WLANs 91
Learning Outcomes 91
Introduction 91
Definition of CLD 92
Motivation for CLD 92
Various Approaches to CLD 93
Strengths and Weaknesses of CLD Approaches 94
CLD Optimization: A Review of the Literature 95
Cross-Layer Design: A Survey and Taxonomy 95
TCP Path Recovery Notification (TCP-PRN) 95
Best Video Quality Using CLD 97
Rate Adaptation Solution 97
Joint Quality and Rate Adaptation 97
Opportunistic Cooperative MAC (OC-MAC) 97
Weighted Fair Scheduling Adaptive Rate Control Framework 98
Rate Optimization for Multicast Communications 98
Rate Adaptation and Payload Length 98
Cross-Layer Performance Evaluation Framework 98
Rate-Proportional 802.11 Fairness 99
Rayleigh Channel Predictability 99
Joint PHY-MAC Layer Design 99
Further Reading 100
xiv ◾ Contents
© 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Books 100
Research Papers 101
Summary 101
Key Terms 102
Review Questions 102
Mini-Projects 102
Section II Empirical Study
Chapter 7 ◾ Effect of Radio Propagation Environments on
WLAN Performance 107
Learning Outcomes 107
Introduction 108
The Environments Used 108
Environment A: Duthie Whyte Building 108
Environment B: AUT Tower 111
Environment C: Suburban House 111
Measurement Procedure and Resources Used 111
Measurement Results 115
Environment A 115
Experiment 1: Effect of Tx-Rx Orientation 115
Experiment 2: Effect of LOS Condition in the Basement 117
Experiment 3: Effect of Office Wall Partitions 118
Experiment 4: Effect of LOS Blockage 120
Experiment 5: Effect of Floors 121
Experiment 6: Effect of Single-Wall Separation 122
Experiment 7: Effect of Microwave Oven Interference 123
Environment B 125
Scenario 1: Ad Hoc Network 125
Scenario 2: Infrastructure Network 126
Environment C 128
Performance Comparison of Environments A, B, and C 129
Measurement Accuracy and Validation 130