Hợp đồng vô hiệu do nhầm lẫn theo bộ luật Dân sự năm 2015

QIU hd/Ji pkdfi. bidt 86 3 (300)-201

Hap DONG VO HIEU DO NHAM LA N

THEO BO LUAT DA N SU NAM 2015

• PGS.TS. Dl/aNG ANH SON *

Tdm lil: Tit Bg lugt Don su nam 1995, BQ lugt Ddn su nam 2005 den Bg lugt Ddn su ndm 2015 tk

cd quy dinh hgp ddng vo hifu do bi nhdm Idn. Cd the nhdn thdy rang, quy dinh cOa Bg lugt Ddn su nam

2015 dugc xdy dung hodn todn khdc vdi quy dfnh ciia Bg lugt Ddn su ndm 1995 vd Bg lugt Ddn su nan

2005 Id bd yeu td "Ichi mgt ben cd Idi vd y Idm cho ben Ida nham Idn ve ngi dung cua giao dich ddn sif'

md thay vdo dd Id "cd su nhdm Idm Idm cho mgt ben hogc cdc ben khdng dgt dugc muc dich ". Tuy nhiin,

khi nghien ciru quy dinh cua Bg lugl Ddn sif ndm 2015 ve giao dich ddn su vd hieu do bi nhdm Idn vd hgn

qud phdp ly. chiing tdi thdy cdn cd mgt sd diem chua thue su hgp ly. Bdi viel ndy se gdp phdn Idm re

nhimg diem bdi hgp ly do.

Abstract: The Civil Code of 1995. Ihe Civil Code of 2005 and Ihe Civil Code of 2015 provide

regulations on void contract because of mistake, ll can be said that Ihe Civil Code of 2015 was differently

set up compared lo the regulations ofthe Civil Code of 1995 and the Civil Code of 2005 in bypassing the

fact "when a party has an unintentional fault which causes a mistake for the other party about the content

of civil transaction" and substituting Ihe fact "mistake causes a party or parties not to obtain the goal".

There is in my opinion, however, regulations of Ihe Civil Code of 2015 wilh respect to void civil

transactions because of mistake and legal consequences may have some inadequacies. This article

contributes lo clearly make such inadequacies.

1. NhSm lan \i Siku ki|n yiu ciu ToS in tuySn giao djch dan si/ ducrc xac l$p c6 sv nhim l5n ISm

b i tun> ding ddn sif vo hifu cho mOt bSn hojc cSc b«n khSng d?t duvc mgc dlcti

Li§n quan d4n giao djch dSn si/ v6 hi$u do bj cua vi$c xSc l^p giao djch thl bSn b| nhim I9n e6

nhSm iSn, Bg lu^t DSn si/ nSm 2005 quy djnh: Khi mOt quyen ySu cSu T6a 4n tuy&i bi giao djch dan si/ v4

bSn c6 loi vo y ISm cho ben l<ia nhim lan vl nOi dung hi?u, tri> tnrirng hpp quy djnh t^i khoin 2 Biiu niy;

cua giao djch din si/ ma xac lip giao djch, thl bSn bj giao djch din si/ dmjrc xic lip c6 sv nhim lin khdng

nhim lin c6 quyln yiu d u ben kia thay dii n^i dung vd hiiu trong tru*ng hpp muc dich xic lip giao djch

cua giao djch d6, nlu bin kia khdng chip nhin thl din siP cua cic ben da d?t dm/c hoic cic bin c6 thl

bin bj nhim lan c6 quyen yiu d u Toa in tuyin bo khae phgc ngay dirgrc sif nhim lin lim cho mgc dich

giao djch v6 hiiu; tnrdmg hgrp mgt bin do l5i c6 ii lim cOa viic xic lip giao djch din Si? vin a?t dwc (Oilu

cho bin kia nhim lin v l npi dung cua giao djch thl 126 BO luit Din si/ nim 2015). Do d6, theo B0 luit

dwjtc giii quyit theo quy djnh t^i Oilu 132 cua Bp luit Din si/ nim 2005, muln xic djnh hgp ding v6 biiu

niy (Oilu 131 Bp luit Din sg' nim 2005). Cin theo do bj nhim lin phii cd 3 cin ci>: Thi> nhit, c6 111 vd

quy djnh BO luit Din sv nim 2015, thi tn/dng hgip y cia chg thl giy ra nhim iSn; thCr hai, cd sv nhim

I DAn ChCi & PhdD Iudt • Oal hoc Knh te - iudt TP. Hf, Ckl Uirk