Hệ thống chính trị nigeria.

HE THONG CHINH TRI NIGERIA

Dinh Thi Ha*

1. Co* sd kinh te, van hda, xa hoi

Cong boa Lien bang Nigeria nam ben bd

bien phia tay chau Phi. Phia bac giap song

Niger, phia tay giap Benin, phia dong giap

Cameroon, phia dong bac giap Chad. Phia nam

Nigeria la Vjnh Ghine - mot bp phan cua Dai

Tay Duong. Thu do la Abuja, thanh pho Idn

nhat la Lagos. Ngon ngir chinh thue cua

Nigeria la tieng Anh, ben canh do con co tieng

Hausa, Yoruba vd Ibo. Van hoa cua Nigeria bj

chia re bdi sac tpc va ton giao, dac biet la Hoi

giao va Co doc giao.

Nigeria la mot quoc gia co ddn so dong nhat

chau Phi vdi khoang 135 trieu ngudi (chiem

ban 1/5 ddn s6 chau Phi, dimg thu 9 tren the

gidi). Lardi thd Nigeria rong

923,768 km^ (dimg thu 32 tren thi gidi).

Trudc nam 1914, Nigeria Id mot quoc gia

ldn vdi khoang ban 250 sdc tpc, song thanh bp

lac, xung dot va cat cu tren khap lanh tho

Nigeria. Co thi udc tinh mot nua dan so

Nigeria sdng d mien bac, khoang V* a vung

* Thae sT, Vi?n Chinh tri hpc,

Hpc vi?n Chfnh trj H^nh Chfnh Qudc gia H6 Chf Minh

dong nam va VA a vung ta> nam. Trong do noi

Ien ba nhom sac tpc ldn nhat - Hausa, Yoruba

va Igbo - CO anh hudng dac biet tdi ehinh tri.

Trong Ijch su, ba sac tpc ldn nay luon tranh

gianh nhau de thong tri Nigeria nhung chua

mot sac tpc nao gianh duge sir thong tri tuyet

doi. Vi vay, chia re sac tpc da trd thanh eo hiru

d Nigeria.

Ngudi Hausa - Fulani (trong the ky XIX

nhimg ngudi Hausa chju su thong trj cua

ngudi Fulani) chu yeu song d mien bae, ehiem

khoang 2/3 long dan so d mien bac. Phan ldn ho

d nong thon va sinh song bang nong nghiep.

Ngudi Igbo (con goi la Ibo) song d vung

dong nam, chiem khoang 2/3 dan so d phia

dong. Khu vuc nay chu yeu phat trien nong

nghiep phuc vu thj trudng (trong ep, Ida gao va

khoai).

Ngudi Yoruba tap trung d phia lay nam

Nigeria, chilm 2/3 dan so d phia tay, gom ea

khu vuc thanh thj cua Lagos, thu do va trung

tam do thi ldn. Vdi truyen thong sinh ton bang

nghi nong, tu thdi ky thupe dia nhimg ngudi

Yoruba d nong thon da bat dau phat trien cac

san pham tu ca cao va cp de xuat khau. Cac

Tgp chi nghien ciru CHAU Pill & TRII;MG Bd^fG so 05 (45) thang 5/2009 11