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Hands-On Networking Fundamentals
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Mô tả chi tiết
Second Edition
Michael Palmer
Hands-On
Networking
Fundamentals
Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States
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Hands-On Networking Fundamentals,
Second Edition
Michael Palmer
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iii
PREFACE xiii
chapter 1
Networking: An Overview 1
chapter 2
How LAN and WAN Communications Work 41
chapter 3
Using Network Communication Protocols 89
chapter 4
Connecting Through a Cabled Network 145
chapter 5
Devices for Connecting Networks 187
chapter 6
Connecting Through a Wireless Network 231
chapter 7
Sharing Resources on a Network 283
chapter 8
Using a Server 339
chapter 9
Understanding WAN Connection Choices 393
chapter 10
Basic Network Design 431
chapter 11
Securing Your Network 469
chapter 12
Maintaining and Troubleshooting Your Network 523
Appendix A
A Short History of Networking 575
Appendix B
Network Certifications and Network Equipment Vendors 583
Appendix C
List of Acronyms 593
Appendix D
A Step-by-Step Guide to Using Server Virtualization Software 605
GLOSSARY 637
INDEX 657
Brief Contents
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deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
v
PREFACE xiii
chap
ter
1
Networking: An Overview
1
What Is a Network?
2
Basic Networking Concepts
3
Understanding the Types of Networks
3
Using Basic Networking Terms
7
Understanding Network Concepts in Historical Context
9
Using a Network in a Home 10
Connecting Computers for Sharing Files and Printers 10
Using Internet and Entertainment Resources 11
Connecting Home Resources 15
Using a Network in an Office 16
Using a Network to Save Time and Money 16
Using a Network as a Business Strategy 16
Connecting Office Resources 17
Identifying Boundaries
between Networks 18
Network Topologies 23
Bus Topology 24
Ring Topology 26
Star Topology 26
Star-Bus Hybrid Topology 28
Star-Ring Hybrid Topology 28
Mesh Topology 29
Tree Topology 29
Network Design Introduction 30
Putting It All Together:
designing a Simple LAN 31
Chapter Summary 33
Key Terms 33
Review Questions 35
Case Projects 38
chap
ter
2
How LAN and WAN Communications Work 41
The OSI Reference Model 42
Physical Layer 44
Data Link Layer 47
Network Layer 51
Transport Layer 52
Session Layer 53
Presentation Layer 54
Application Layer 57
Communicating Between Stacks 60
Applying the OSI Model 62
Understanding the Role of Requests for Comments 63
LAN Transmission Methods 64
Ethernet 64
Token Ring 68
Fiber Distributed Data Interface 69
WAN Network Communications 70
Telecommunications WANs 70
Cable TV WANs 73
Wireless WANs 74
Contents
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deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
vi Contents
WAN Transmission Methods 77
Putting It All Together: Designing an Ethernet Network 78
Chapter Summary 79
Key Terms 80
Review Questions 83
Case Projects 86
chapter 3
Using Network Communication Protocols 89
An Overview of Network Protocols 90
Properties of a LAN Protocol 90
LAN Protocols and Operating Systems 90
Legacy Protocols 92
IPX/SPX 92
NetBEUI 92
AppleTalk 92
TCP/IP 93
The History and Role of TCP/IP 93
Protocols and Applications of the TCP/IP Suite 93
How TCP Works 95
How the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Works 100
How the Internet Protocol (IP) Works 101
Using IPv4 and IPv4 Addressing 104
Basic IPv4 Addressing 104
The Role of the Subnet Mask 106
Creating Subnetworks 106
IPv4 Address Rules 107
Using IPv6 112
Features of IPv6 112
IPv6 Addressing 113
IPv6 Headers 113
IP Security 115
Quality of Service and IPv6 115
IPv6 and Routing Tables 115
Types of IPv6 Packets 116
Encryption and the IPv6 Packet 116
TCP/IP Application Protocols 118
Telnet 119
SSH 120
FTP, TFTP, and NFS 120
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) 122
Domain Name System (DNS) 123
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) 126
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) 126
Neighbor Discovery (ND) Protocol 127
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) 127
HTTP, S-HTTP, and HTTPS 129
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) 130
VoIP 131
TCP/IP and the OSI Reference Model Compared 132
Transporting LAN Protocols over WANs 132
SLIP 133
PPP 133
L2TP 134
SS7 134
Putting It All Together: Designing a Network to Use TCP/IP and Application Protocols 135
Chapter Summary 136
Key Terms 136
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deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Contents vii
Review Questions 140
Case Projects 143
chapter 4
Connecting Through a Cabled Network 145
Communications Media Types 146
Coaxial Cable 148
Twisted-Pair Cable 152
Fiber-Optic Cable 158
Hybrid Fiber/Coax Cable 162
High-Speed Technologies for Twisted-Pair and Fiber-Optic Cables 162
Fast Ethernet 162
Gigabit Ethernet 165
10 Gigabit Ethernet 166
40 and 100 Gigabit Ethernet 167
Connecting Computers to a Cabled Network 169
The NIC Connector 169
The Role of Firmware and NIC Drivers 169
Using a Transceiver 175
The Role of the MAC Controller Unit 175
Half- and Full-Duplex NIC Communications 176
Buses and NICs 176
Choosing a NIC 177
Putting It All Together: Designing a Cabled Network 178
Chapter Summary 179
Key Terms 180
Review Questions 183
Case Projects 186
chapter 5
Devices for Connecting Networks 187
LAN Transmission Devices 188
Repeater 188
Multistation Access Unit 191
Hub 192
Bridge 193
Router 198
Switch 208
Gateway 209
WAN Transmission Devices 211
Analog Telephone Modems 211
ISDN Adapters 213
Cable TV Modems 213
DSL Modems and Routers 215
Access Servers 220
Remote Routers 222
Putting It All Together: Designing a Router-Based Network 222
Chapter Summary 224
Key Terms 224
Review Questions 227
Case Projects 230
chapter 6
Connecting Through a Wireless Network 231
Current Wireless Networking Technologies 232
A Short History of Wireless Networks 233
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deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
viii Contents
Advantages of Wireless Networks 234
Providing an Alternative to Wired Networks 234
Saving Money and Time 234
Providing Access Anywhere 235
Simplifying Networks for Novices 235
Enhancing Data Access 235
Wireless Network Support Organizations 236
Radio Wave Technologies 237
IEEE 802.11 Radio Wave Networking 238
Wireless Components 239
Wireless Networking Access Methods 247
Handling Data Errors 248
Transmission Speeds 248
802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ac, and 802.11ad Compared 252
802.11 Deployment Tips 254
802.11 Security Techniques 254
Using Authentication to Disconnect 261
802.11 Network Topologies 261
Multiple-Cell Wireless LANs 263
Alternative Radio Wave Technologies 263
Bluetooth 263
HiperLAN 266
Infrared Technologies 266
Wireless MANs 267
Wireless Hotspots 268
Stationary Wireless Hotspots 268
Mobile Hotspots 269
Cellular Phone Communications 269
Microwave Technologies 270
Terrestrial Microwave 270
Satellite Microwave 271
Putting It All Together: Designing a Wireless Network 273
Designing for a Home or Small Office 274
Designing for a Large Organization 274
Chapter Summary 275
Key Terms 275
Review Questions 279
Case Projects 282
chapter 7
Sharing Resources on a Network 283
What Is Peer-to-Peer Networking? 284
Peer-to-Peer Networking for Home Use 286
Peer-to-Peer Networking for Office Use 289
Configuring Windows-Based Computers for Peer-to-Peer Networking 290
Client for Microsoft Networks 291
TCP/IP Configuration 292
File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks 292
Using Workgroups in Windows 294
Configuring UNIX/Linux Computers for Peer-to-Peer Networking 297
Configuring Mac OS X Computers for Peer-to-Peer Networking and Resource Sharing 297
Configuring User Accounts 300
Configuring User Accounts in Windows 7 300
Configuring Accounts in UNIX/Linux 302
Configuring Accounts in Mac OS X 306
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Contents ix
Sharing Folders and Directories 308
Sharing Files and Folders in Windows 7 309
Accessing and Sharing Resources in Windows 7 313
Configuring Sharing in UNIX/Linux 314
Configuring Sharing in Mac OS X 317
Sharing Printers 318
Configuring Shared Printing in Windows Systems 320
Configuring Shared Printing in UNIX/Linux 322
Configuring Shared Printing in Mac OS X Snow Leopard and Lion 323
Shared Internet Access 324
Cloud Computing 324
Implementing a Virtual Private Network 327
Storage Area Networks 328
Putting It All Together: Designing a Peer-to-Peer Office Network to Share Resources 330
Chapter Summary 331
Key Terms 332
Review Questions 334
Case Projects 337
chapter 8
Using a Server 339
Using a Server in a Home Network 340
Using a Server in an Office Network 341
Installing a Server 342
What Type of Computer to Use 342
Where to Locate a Server and Ensuring Power 343
Who Should Manage a Server 348
Installing Windows Server 2008 and Server 2008 R2 348
Virtualization 353
Reasons for Virtual Servers 354
Virtual Networks 355
Installing a Virtual Machine 356
Server Functions in Windows Server, UNIX/Linux, and Mac OS X Server 357
Looking Ahead: Windows Server 2012 on the Network 358
Setting Up a Server 359
Creating User Accounts 359
Optimizing Server Performance 368
Configuring Shared Resources on Windows, UNIX/Linux,
and Mac OS X Servers 371
Managing Your Server 371
Managing and Monitoring Windows Server 371
Managing and Monitoring UNIX/Linux 377
Managing and Monitoring Mac OS X 383
Putting It All Together: Designing a Server-Based Office Network 385
Chapter Summary 386
Key Terms 387
Review Questions 389
Case Projects 392
chapter 9
Understanding WAN Connection Choices 393
Frame Relay 394
Frame Relay Layered Communications 396
Switching and Virtual Connections 396
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x Contents
Voice over Frame Relay (VoFR) 397
Vendor Services 397
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) 398
Digital Communications Services 399
Broadband ISDN 402
ISDN and OSI Layered Communications 402
ISDN Considerations 402
Connecting to ISDN Through a T-Carrier 403
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) 403
How ATM Works 406
ATM Layered Communications 406
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) 407
DSL Basics 408
DSL Service Types 409
SONET 414
Communications Media and Characteristics 414
SONET Network Topology and Failure Recovery 415
SONET Layers and the OSI Model 416
Ethernet-Based MANs, CANs, and WANs (Optical Ethernet) 417
Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) 418
Putting It All Together: Designing for WAN Communications 422
Chapter Summary 422
Key Terms 423
Review Questions 425
Case Projects 428
chap
ter 10
Basic Network Design 431
Factors that Affect a Network Design 432
Purpose of the Network 432
Anticipated Network Traffic 433
Redundancy Requirements 434
User Movement 435
Accommodating Future Growth 435
Planning for Security 436
WAN Connectivity Considerations 436
LAN and WAN Costs 436
Existing Network Topology and Resources 437
Guidelines for Installing Cable 440
Strategies for Upgrading Cable 441
Strategies for Installing Cable 442
Using Structured Wiring and Structured Network Designs 443
Using Structured Wiring 443
Using Vertical Wiring and Structured Networking 444
Integrating Wireless Communications 448
Using Full-Duplex Communications in a Network Design 451
Designing a Network for a Home 452
Locating Computers 452
Walking Through a Cabled Design 452
Walking Through a Wireless Design 453
Maintenance and Support Issues 454
Designing a Network for an Office or Organization 455
Locating Hosts and Servers 456
Walking Through a Cabled Design 458
Walking Through a Wireless Design 461
Maintenance and Support Issues 462
Putting It All Together: Network Design Summary Tips 462
Chapter Summary 463
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deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Contents xi
Key Terms 464
Review Questions 464
Case Projects 467
chapter 11
Securing Your Network 469
Why Security Is Essential 470
Practical Security Preparations 470
Using Operating System Security Features 471
Using Network Security Features 472
Learning More About Security 472
Anatomy of Malicious Attacks 473
Stand-Alone Workstation or Server Attacks 474
Attacks Enabled by Access to Passwords 477
Viruses, Worms, and Trojan Horses 478
Buffer Attacks 479
Denial-of-Service Attacks 479
Man-in-the-Middle Attacks 480
Source Routing Attacks 480
Application-Layer Attacks 480
Spoofing 480
Programmable Logic Controller Attacks 481
Sniffer Attacks 481
E-Mail Attacks 481
Port-Scanning Attacks 481
Wireless Attacks 482
Spam 483
Spyware 484
Inside Attacks 487
Social Engineering Attacks 487
How to Protect Your Network 488
Installing Updates 488
Using IP Security 494
Establishing Border and Firewall Security 500
Putting It All Together: Designing Security for Home and Office Networks 513
Designing a Secure Home Network 514
Designing a Secure Office Network 514
Chapter Summary 515
Key Terms 515
Review Questions 517
Case Projects 521
chapter 12
Maintaining and Troubleshooting Your Network 523
How to Monitor Your Network 524
Network-Monitoring Devices 524
Using Basic Network-Monitoring Tools in Your
Operating System 528
Using Performance Monitor in Windows Server 541
Using Network Monitor 550
Using the SNMP Service in Windows Server 550
Using Your Network for Backups 556
Backup Services in Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008/
Server 2008 R2 557
Windows Sync Center 559
Backup Services in UNIX/Linux 559
Backup Utility in Mac OS X 560
How to Solve Network Problems 561
Solving Client, Server, and Network Connectivity Problems 561
Solving NIC and WNIC Broadcast Problems 563
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