GRAMMAR

- 1 - Teacher: Quỳnh Giang

CAÂU TÖÔØNG THUAÄT

REPORTED SPEECH

Coù hai caùch thuaät laïi lôøi moät ngöôøi khaùc noiù: caùch tröïc tieáp vaø caùch giaùn tieáp.

Trong caâu tröïc tieáp (direct speech), ta nhaéc laïi nguyeân vaên lôøi ngöôøi ñaõ noùi.

- He said : “I have lost my pen.”

Trong caâu giaùn tieáp (indrect speech) hay caâu töôøng thuaät (reported speech), ta

dieãn taû tö töôûng trong caâu ngöôøi khaùc noùi maø khoâng caàn laäp laïi nguyeân vaên caâu noùi cuûa

hoï.

- He said that he had lost his pen.

A. Caâu phaùt bieåu. (statements in reported speech)

1/ Ví duï :

- He said : “ I have lost my pen this morning.”

 He said that he had lost his pen that morning.

- She said to him: “I will go with you tomorrow.”

 She told him that she would go with him the next day.

2/ Ghi nhôù : muoán ñoåi moät caâu tröïc tieáp sang caâu giaùn tieáp, ta phaûi :

+ Giöõ nguyeân ñoäng töø giôùi thieäu said hoaëc ñoåi said to thaønh told neáu coù tuùc töø.

+ Boû daáu hai chaám (:) vaø ngoaëc keùp (“…”) roài theâm lieân töø that.

+ Thay ñoåi ñaïi töø nhaân xöng, tính töø sôû höõu… theo qui taéc sau : Ngoâi thöù 1 ñoåi

thaønh ngoâi thöù nhö chuû töø ôû meänh ñeà chính. Ngoâi thöù 2 ñoåi thaønh ngoâi thöù cuûa tuùc töø.

Ngoâi thöù 3 giöõ nguyeân khoâng ñoåi.

+ Thay ñoåi thì cuûa ñoäng töø trong caâu tröïc tieáp baèng caùch cho luøi veà quaù khöù moät

baäc. Cuï theå nhö sau :

Direct speech Reported speech

- simple present  - simple past

- present continuous  - past continuous

- present perfect  - past perfect

- simple past  - past perfect

- past continuous  - past perfect continuous

- present perfect cont  - past perfect continuous

- simple future  - present conditional (should/would)

- past perfect  - unchanged (khoâng ñoåi)

- perfect conditional  - unchanged

+ Thay ñoåi moät soá töø chæ thôøi gian vaø nôi choán.

- now  - then

- today / tonight  - that day / that night