Góp ý hoàn thiện Dự thảo Luật Trưng cầu ý dân của Việt Nam

GOP Y HOAN THIEN DlT THAO LUAT TRl/NG CAU Y DAN

CUA VIET NAM

va Cong Giao

Tdm tat: Trung cdu y ddn la mgt vdn di khdng m&i tren thi gi&i nhung chua tieng

dugc thuc hien & Viet Nam trong th&i ky hiin dgi nen dang thu hut su quan tdm, dgc biel

trong bdi cdnh Lugt Trung cdu y ddn dang dugc xdy dieng di thuc thi Hiin phdp m&i

ndm 2013. Bdi viit khdi qudt thuc trgng phdp ludt Vi4t Nam vi vdn di trung cdu y ddn.

tic do dua ra mdl sd gdp y nhdm hodn thiin Du thdo Ludt Trung cdu y ddn.

Abstract: Referendums is not a new issue in the world but has never been done in

the modern era in Vietnam. This issue is now attracting great attention of the public;

particularly in the context of the Law on Referendum law is drafting to implement the

Constitution of 2013. This article provides overview on referendum law and regulation

and practice. On that basis, it makes relevant proposals to improve the draft Law on

Referendum.

I. Khai quat ve trung cau y dan d

Vift Nam

So vdi nhieu qudc gia tren the gidi,

trung cau y dan (TCYD) da dugc td chuc d

Viet Nam tfi rit sdm, the hien rd nhat 1^ Hpi

nghj Dien Hdng (1284). Trong hpi nghj nay,

cac bd lao trong ca nudc da dupc Thupng

hoang Trin Thanh Tdng mdi ve kinh thanh

d\r hpp di trung cau y kien ve chfi truong

hda hay chidn khi quan Nguyen Mdng sang

xam lupe Viet Nam lin thfi hai. Day cd th^

coi la mdt vi du tieu bieu ve dan chu true

ti^p trong lich sfi Vi?t Nam.

Mac du vay, TCYD khdng thudng

xuyen dupc td chfic d nudc ta. Trong sudt

thdi ky phong kiin, ngoai Hdi nghj Dien

Hdng, khdng thiy lich sfi ghi chep vi mdt

sir kien tuong tu nao khac. Thdi thudc Phap

cung khdng td chfic mpt cudc TCYD nao.

Duy nhit cd mdi cudc TCYD tai miin Nam

Viet Nam do dng Ngd Dinh Di$m (lfic dd la

Thu tudng cua qudc gia Viet Nam do Bao

Dai Iam Qudc trudng) td chfic vao ngay

23/10/1955 dd lua chpn nguyen thfi (gifia

Bao Dai va Ngd Dinh Diem) va the che

chinh quyin mien Nam Viet Nam .

Trong thdi ky hien dai, Hien phap 1946

da quy dinh ve TCYD (gpi la phuc quyet)

vi Hien phdp va "nhfing dieu lien quan tdi

v|in menh qudc gia..." (Dieu 21). Van de

TCYD sau dd dupc tai khang djnh trong cac

Hiin phap 1959 (Diiu 53), Hiin phap 1980

(Diiu 100), Hien phap 1992 (Diiu 53) va

Hiin phap 2013 (Diiu 29). Quy djnh vi

TCYD trong cac ban Hiin phap 1946, 1959,

1980, 1992, 2013 cua Viet Nam dupc tdng

hpp trong bang dudi day:

' PGS.TS., Khoa Luat,Dgi hgc qii6c gia Ha Npi.

' Trong cuoc bo phi^u niy, ong Ngfi Dinh Di^m chien

thang voi hem 98,2% phiSu bSu, mJc dii co nhieu cao

bupc gian l^n. Sau khi chien thang, 6ng Ngo Dinh

Di?m phe truSt Qu6c tnrong Bao Dgi de tra thanh

Ianh dgo toi cao va tuyen bo thanh tgp chinii quyen

Vi|t Nam Cpng hoa a mien Nam Vi^t Nam (syp do

vao ngay 30/4/1975). Chi tiSt vi cufic trung ciu y dan

nam 1955 cf mifin Nam Vi?t Nam, xem Chapman,

Jessica (Sq)tember, 2006). "Staging Democracy:

South Vietnam's 1955 Referendum to Depose Bao

Dai". Diplomatic History. 30 {4): 67 l-70i.