Giải pháp ứng dụng thương mại điện tử cho các doanh nghiệp thủ công mỹ nghệ ở hà nội

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BO GlAO DUG VA DAO TAO

TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QU6c DAN

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VU THI MINH Hl£N

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GIAIPHAP ONG DUNG THtfONG MAI OIEN Ttf

OHO CAC DOANH NGHIEP■ THU CONG MY NGHE■ 0 HA NOi ■

luan van thac si QUAN tri KLNH DOANH

HA NOi - 2003

BO GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO

TRVdNG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN

----- 0O0-----

VU THI MINH HIEN

GIAIPHAP UNG DUNG THUUNG MAI DIEN TU

CHO CAC DOANH NGHIEP THU CONG MY NGHE 6 HA NOI

LUAN VAN THAC SY QUAN TRI KINH DOANH

Chuyen nganh : QTKD Cong nghiep va XDCB

Htfdng dfm khoa hoc : TS. NGO KIM THANH

A

HA NOI - 2003

i <VMl dot

I

Trude tien, em yin day to Cong diet on sau sac tdi gicio vien fiudtig (fan

ffioa fioc - TS-Ngo Tfini Tfianfi - <P/zo to trudng do mon Quan tri cfoanfi ngfiiep

ciing cac tfiay cd gido Tyfioa Sau Tai fioc, Tyfioa Quan tri finfi cfoanfi cong ngfiiep

yay Tung co fan - Trudng <T)N Tfinfi tequdc Tan Ta fiet su'c tan tinfi fiudng

(fan, cfii dao, Tong gop nfni'ng y fieii guy ddu va Tong vien em trong suot qua

%

trinfi fam Euan van tot ngfiiep.

Xin trail trong cam on (PQS-TS Ta Tfitn Ngoc - (pfio tong dien tap Tap cfii

Xinfi te Cfidu XTfidi (Bind <DitOng (Vien ngfiien cu'u finfi te); dS-cDodn (Duy

Tfiuong - (pfio Cfifi ticfi (Pfiong Tfiuong (Mai vd Cong Ngfiiep Viet Nam (VCCI)

ciing cac can do tfiuoc (Du an Tfiuong mai Tien til (Trung tarn pfidt trien pfidn

mem cfoanfi ngfiiep); (Du an f\y tfiuat Tfiuong mai Tien til (Bo Tfiuong (Mai);

Trung tain Tfiuong mai efien tic Viet Nam (VEC); (Pfiong tfiong tin Tfiuong mai

Tien tu' (Cue yuc tien Tfiuong (Mai); (Ban Cong Ngfie Tfiong Tin vd Tfiuong mai

efien til; 5 cfoanfi ngfiiep Tape cfpn fam Tdi tu'Ong ffiao sat... cfd giup To vd ciing

cap cac tdi fieu, so'fieu cd fien quail Ten Te tdi.

Em ciing yin giti fdi cam on tdi (Ban gidm fiieu Trudng NJCDL Tfiuong

(Dong, (Ban cfiii nfiiem f\floa Quan tri fiitfi Toanfi Ta tao Tieii fien fio trp ve mat

tfidigian vd fittfi pfii cfio em fioan tfianfi ffiod fioc Tfiac sy nay.

Xin Titgc day to tinfi cam tdi fan de, Tong ngfiiep - nfiii’ng nguoi Ta fiidn

quan tarn Tong gop y fieri cfio dan Euan van tot ngfiiep ciia em tfiem fioan tfiien

ve mat tidi Tung vd fiinfi tfnic.

Cuo'i ciing, yingiii foiig diet On tdi do', me vd nfiiing ngudi tfianyeu trong

gia Tinfi Ta fudn fe can, Tong vien, giiip Td cd ve mat vat cfid't vd tinfi tfidn

trong suot qua trinfi fioc tap vd Tac diet fa tfidigian fam Euan van tot ngfiiep.

Xin tran trong cam On !

(7de (//T: TJri fX/trXdf/t/t

DANH MUC CHIT VIET TAT

TMDT Thuong mai dien tir

DN Doanh nghiep

ARPANET Dir an cua Bo quoc phong My

eCommerce Electronic Commerce Thirong mai dien tir

B2C Business to Customer Doanh nghiep vdi khach hang

B2B Business to Business Doanh nghiep vdi doanh

nghiep

B2G Business to Government Doanh nghiep vdi co quan

chinh phii

C2G Customer to Government Khach hang vdi co quan chinh

phii

G2G Government to Government

Co quan chinh phii vdi co quan

A2A Administration to

Administration

chinh phii

EDI Electronic Data Interchage Trao doi dir lieu dien tir

Email Electronic mail Thu dien tir

Internet International Net Mang toan cau

WWW World Wide Web Vong thi loan cau

PDE Product Data Exchange Trao doi du lieu san pham

CAD Computer Aided Design Ban ve bang may tinh dien tir

EF Electronic Form MSu bieu dien tir

CA Certification Authority Uy quyen chimg thuc

PKC Public Key Cryptography Ma hoa cong khai

PKI Public Key Infrastructure Ha tang khoa cong cong

DANH MUC BANG, DO THI

Trang

Hinh 1.1 - Hinh quan he giao dich TMDT 7

Hinh 1.2 - Hinh doanh thu TMDT tren the gidi 17

Bang 1.1 - So sanh thirong mai truyen thong va TMDT 19, 20

Bang 1.2- Cac muc tieu cua DN trong viec ting dung TMDT vao boat 29

dong kinh doanh

Hinh 1.3 - Hinh phan tfch kha nang tien hanh ung dung TMDT 30

Bang 2.1 - Kim ngach xuat khau cac mat hang thu cong my nghe cua 40

Ha Noi va ca nude nam 2002

Hinh 2.1 - Gia tri kim ngach xuat khau hang thu cong my nghe cua 40

Ha Noi so vdi ca nude

Bang 2.2 - Von kinh doanh cua 5 DN dupe chon lam doi tuqng khao 42

sat nam 2003

Bang 2.3 - So lupng va trinh do lao dong cua 5 DN dupe chon 43

Bang 2.4 - Thue trang ung dung TMDT cua 5 DN dupe chon 48

Bang 2.5 - Thdi gian va chi phi dau tu xay dung Website cua Cong ty 52

Artex Thang Long va Cong ty Hamico

Hinh 2.2 - Cac cong doan giao dich true tuyen va ban true tuyen cua 54

cap do 3.1

Hinh 2.3 - Mtiu don dat hang true tuyen qua mang cua Cong ty TNHH 56

san xuat va kinh doanh hang thu cong my nghe - Hamico

Hinh 2.4 - Thue trang cac caf) do ting dung TMDT cua cac DN thu 57

cong my nghe d Ha Noi

Hinh 2.5 - Tien trinh ting dung TMDT trong cac Dn thu cong my 58

nghe Ha Noi

Bang 2.6 - Dinh lupng kha nang thuc hanh (ting dung) TMDT vao 62

hoat dons kinh doanh cua 5 DN dupe chon

Being 2.7 - Muc do dap ling cac di6u kien ling dung TMDT 65

Bang 2.8 - So lu’png, ty le giao dich cua 5 DN dupe chon trade va sau 68

khi ung dung TMDT

Bang 2.9 - So lirpng, ty le don dat hang cua 5 DN dupe chon trudc va 69

sau khi urng dung TMDT

Bang 2.10 - Doanh thu, lpi nhuan va khoan nop NSNN cua 5 DN trirdc 73

va sau khi ung dung TMDT

Bang 3.1- Muc phi dao tao ve TMDT (khoa 2 den 5 ngay) cua VCCI 86

Hinh 3.1 - Co cau to chiic hien tai cua cac DN thu cong my nghe o 91

Ha Noi

Hinh 3.2 - Co cau to chile cua cac DN thu cong my nghe Ha Noi theo 92

phuong there kinh doanh mdi - TMDT

Hinh 3.3 - Phan tfch moi trudng kinh doanh va moi trudng noi bp DN 95

Bang 3.2 - Phan tfch co hoi, thach there cua cac DN thu cong my nghe 96

d Ha Noi

Bang 3.3 - Phan tfch diem manh, diem yeu cua cac DN thu cong my 97

nghe d Ha Noi

Bang 3.4 - He thong mang hien tai va he thong mang moi ap dung cho 100

cac DN thu cong my nghe d Ha Noi

Bang 3.5 - Chi phf va ty trong diiu tu du kien cho phan mem, phan 101

cung cua cac DN thu cong my nghe d Ha Noi

Bang 3.6 - Dir kien cong viec cho hoat dong ling dung TMDT tai cac 102

DN thu cong my nghe d Ha Noi tir nay den nam 2010

Bring 3.7 - Bay ldi khuyen cho cac DN thu cong my nghe d Ha Noi 103

khi tien hanh ung dung TMDT

MUC LUC

Trang

Loi cam an

Danh muc chit viet tat

Danh muc bang, sa do

Muc luc

Loi md dau

Chuang I : Nhung van de ca ban ve TMDT va ung dung TMDT vao boat dong

kinh doanh cua DN.......................................................................... 1

1.1. Nhung van de caban veTMTT: .................................................................. 1

1.1.1. Khai niem........................................................................................... 1

1.1.2. Cac loai hinh hoat dong TMDT ........................................................5

1.1.3. Cac ben tham gia TMDT ..................................................................5

1.1.4. Cac hinh thuc cong nghe cua TMDT................................................7

1.1.5. Dich vu ha tang co so cho TMDT.....................................................9

1.2. Vai tro cua TMDT :........................................................................................11

1.2.1. Vai tro cua TMDT doi vdi Chinh phu............................................1 1

1.2.2. Vai tro cua TMDT doi vdi doanh nghiep.........................................13

1.2.3. Vai tro cua TMDT doi vdi ngudi tieu dung ...................................18

1.3. Xu the ung dung TMDT vao hoat dong kinh doanh tren the gioi va Viet Nam19

1.3.1. Su khac nhau giua phuong thuc kinh doanh truyen thong (thirong mai

truyen thong) va phuong thuc kinh doanh mdi (TMDT) ................19

1.3.2. Xu the ung dung TMDT vao hoat dong kinh doanh tren the gidi .... 20

1.3.3. Xu the ung dung TMDT vao hoat dong kinh doanh o Viet Nam .... 22

1.4. Noi dung tien hanh ung dung TMDT vao hoat dong kinh doanh cua DN. 24

1.4.1. Cac cap do ung dung TMDT vao hoat dong kinh ddannd DN.......24

1.4.2. Tien trinh ung dung TMDT hoat dong kinh doanh o DN................. 26

1.4.3. Phan rich kha nang ung dung TMDT hoat dong kinh doanh o DN .. 29

1.4.4. Dieu kien ung dung TMDT vao hoat dong kinh doanh cua DN......31

1.4.5. Nhung van de nay sinh khi ung dung TMDT vao hoat dong kinh

doanh cua DN....................... ................................... ........................34

Ket luan chuang I..................................................................................................37

Chuang II: Thuc trang ung dung TMDT vao hoat dong kinh doanh tai cac doanh

nghiep thu cong my nghe d Ha Noi.................................................................... 38

2.1. Tong quam ve evcc DN thu cong my nghe T Ha Noi......................................39

2.1.1. Gidi thieu ve cac DN thu cong my nghe o Ha Noi........................... 39

2.1.2. Dac diem kinh te ky thuat cua cac DN thu cong my nghe o IIN.....-42

2.2. Phhn titshtha^c trann irnn dunn TMDT Taicac DD tliii cdnn myi ^11? q Ila Noi44

2.2.1. Thirc trang ve cap do ung dung TMDT........................................... 47

2.2.2. Thue trang ve tien trinh ung dung TMDT....................................... 58

2.2.3. Thue trang ve kha nang ung dung TMDT.............. 62

2.2.4. Thue trang ve dieu kien ung dung.................................................... 64

2.3. Banh gid tinh hinh ung dung TMDT tai cac DN thu cong my nghe d UN: 67

2.3.1. Thuan lpi va nhung ket qua budc dau.............................................. 67

2.3.2. Kho khan va nhung tdn tai .............................................................. 74

2.3.3. Nguyen nhan cua nhung ton tai.........................................................76

Ket luqn chuung II.................................................................................................80

Chirong III : Giai phap urng dung TMDT trong cac doanh nghiep thu cong

my nghe 6 Ha Noi.......................................................................... 81

3.1. Quan diem dinh hudng cho suphdt trien va ung dung TMDT 6' Viet Nam

den ndm 2010:.................................................................................................82

3.1.1. Dinh hudng, muc tieu va phuong hudng thuc hien........................... 82

3.1.2. Quan diem dinh hudng cho su phat trien va ling dung TMDT trong

cac DN thu cong my nghe d Ha Noi.............................................................84

3.2. Giai phap ling dung TMDT cho cac doanh nghiep thu cong my nghe o'

Ha Noi:............................................................................................................85

3.2.1. Cac DN phai tfch cue tham gia hoat dong TMDT nham nang cao nhan

thuc ve TMDT............................................................................................ 85

3.2.2. Dao tao va nrlng cao trinh do nguon nhan lire, dap ung yeu cau irng

dung TMDT............................ '.................................................................... 88

3.2.3. To chiic, sdp xep lai bo may theo phuong thuc kinh doanh

mdi - TMDT.................................................................................................90

3.2.4. Xay dung chien lirqc cua DN phii hop vdi sir thay doi cua moi trudng

kinh doanh mdi.......................................................................................... 94

3.2.5. Cac DN can cd chinh sach phan bo von dau tu phat trien TMDT

hop ly ....................................................................................................... 99

3.3. Cac kien nghi va de xudt voi Nhd nude:........................................................104

3.3.1. Xay dung khung phap ly cho TMDT d Viet Nam theo hudng tao tinh

tuong thich vdi Dao luat m&u ve TMDT cua UNCITRAL........................ 104

3.3.2. Khan truong cd ke hoach xay dung co so ha tang kinh te ky

thuat cho TMDT......................................................................................... 106

3.3.3. Co chinh sach manh me ve dao tao nguon nhan lire cho TMDT 108

3.3.4. Dao tao , thong tin tuyen truyen ve TMDT...................................... 109

3.3.3. Cai thicn chinh sach thue................................................................. 109

3.3.4. Tirng budc cai each thu tuc hanh chinh........................................... 111

Ket luqn chuong III...............................................................................................112

Ket Ilian

Phu luc

Tai lieu tham khdo

Ldl Md DAU

"Internet dang doi thay the gidi", dieu do co nghia la : Cong nghe thong

tin (CNTT) la mot trong nhung dong lire quan trong nhat cua sir phat trien; ciing

- van hoa - xa hoi cua the gidi hien dai.

Sir phat trien cua CNTT vdi nhung ung dung da dang cua nd trong hau het

cac linh vtre kinh te da va dang duqc khai thac toi da de phuc vu cho cuoc song

cua con ngudi. Mot trong nhung ung dung quan trong dtrqc sir dung nhir mot

cong cu huu hieu trong viec nang cao hieu qua hoat dong kinh doanh cua cac

doanh nghiep (DN) va nen kinh te cac quo'c gia la Thuong mai dien tir.

Thirong mai dien tir (Electronic Commerce - eCommerce) da phat trien

nhanh chong tir dau nhung nam '90 vdi doanh so' tren toan the gidi nam 1999 la

180 ty USD, den nam 2002 len tdi 1234 ty USD, du doan nam 2005 se dat 6000

ty USD1.

1 Idguoti : httpHwww.activemedia.com

Trong thuc te, Thuong mai dien tir (TMDT) chi phat trien manh trong noi

bo cac nude phat trien va giua cac nude phat trien vdi nhau. Con cac nude dang

phat trien va kern phat trien, mdi dang di nhung budc dau lien trong viec tiep can

TMDT boi tat ca cac nude nay deu coi TMDT la mot trong nhung cong cu hieu

qua de thuc day sir phat trien kinh te, lien kip vdi sir hoi nhap kinh te khu virc va the

gidi.

Viet Nam ket noi mang Internet toan cau vao cuoi nam 1997 va ke tir do,

van de ung dung TMDT vao hoat dong kinh doanh cua cac DN ngay ciing noi len

nhu mot co hoi va cung la thach thuc cho cac DN Viet Nam. Day la xu the tat

yeu cua thdi dai thong tin, ciia ky nguyen so hoa nen cac DN ciia chung ta khong

con con du’dng nao khac la phai ling dung cac lhanh tun virqt bac cua CNTT phuc

vu hoat dong kinh doanh. Neu khong, cac DN se khong the ton tai khi ma doi thu

canh tranh khong ngirng nang cao hieu qua hoat dong kinh doanh, nang cao kha

nang canh tranh thong qua cac ung dung ciia CNTT.

Hien nay, mire do ling dung TMDT vao boat dong kinh doanh ciia cac DN

Viet Nam mdi d giai doan dau, do vay chua co mot van ban phap quy dieu tiet va

thuc day hoat dong TMDT, ke ca viec phan anh mot so van de nhu : gia tri phap

ly ciia cac giao dich dien tir, chu ky dien tir, an toan mang... Tuy nhien, trudc va

sau khi ket noi mang Internet toan cau, chfnh phu Viet Nam da ban hanh mot so

van ban mang tfnh phap ly ve viec quan ly va sir dung Internet. Dong thdi, Chfnh

phu Viet Nam da co rat nhicu nd luc trong viec thuc day TMDT phat trien ngay

tir giai doan bat dau hinh thanh. Trong do, dang chu y la viec thanh lap To cong

tac ve TMDT thuoc Ban clii dao quoc gia ve CNTT vao thang 6/1998, viec thanh

lap Ban TMDT true thuoc Bo Thtfcmg mai vao thang 12/1998, viec Bo Thuwng

mai da chu tri xay dung De an thanh lap Hoi dong quoc gia veTMDT vd Plutctng

an titng bit'dc tham gia, u'ng dung TMDT vao thang 4/1999 trinh len Chfnh phu va

gan day, Chfnh phu da cap gan 1 ty dong de thuc hien 14 tieu dir an thuoc dir an

"Ky thuat thtfcmg mai dien tit"x

Dac biet, ngay 23/04/2003 vira qua, Phong Thuong mai va cong nghiep

Viet Nam (Vietnam Chamber Commerce anh Industry - VCCI) ciing vdi sir tham

gia ciia Cong ty dien toan va truyen so lieu (VDC), Cong ty phat trien phan mem

(PT), Ngan hang cong thuong Viet Nam (ICB) da chfnh thirc khai truong "San

giao dich TMDT Viet Nam"(VNemart)12. Trong giai doan dau, VNemart se di vao

hoat dong vdi sir tham gia cua 27 DN kinh doanh hang thii cong my nghe Viet

Nam vdi gan 2000 mat hang kinh doanh tren mang. Day la co hoi tot de quang ba

rong rai lqi fch ma TMDT dem lai nhiim tao "san choi moi" thu hut cac DN thuoc

cac linh virc, nganh nghe khac nhau tham gia ting dung TMDT.

1 Tap chi Tin hoc vd ddi song - So 8Indm 2000

2 VNemart - Vietnam Business Portal - Website: http llwww.vnemart.com

Tuy nhien, tren thuc te kha nang ung dung TMDT vao boat dong kinh

doanh cua cac DN kinh doanh hang thii cong my nghe noi rieng va cac DN Viet

Nam noi chung con nhieu han che, kho khan do ca nguyen nhan khach quan va

chu quan. Vi vay, cac DN rat can co nhung giai phap hd trq tir phfa Nha nude,

cac Bo, nganh lien quan de nang cao kha nang u'ng dung TMDT vao hoat dong

kinh doanh nhiim tan dung nhung co hoi to ldn mil TMDT dem lai.

Xuat phat tir thuc tidn do, dudi sir hudng din tan tinh cua giao vien hudng

dSn khoa hoc - TS.Ngo Kim Thanh, em da chon va hoan thanh de tai :

"GIAIPHAP UNG DUNG THUONG MAIDIEN TU'

CHO CACDOANHNGHIEP THU CONG MYNGHE OHA NOI"

* MUC TIEU NGHIEN CUU CUA DE TAI :

De tai di vao nghien cun, phan tfch va so sanh dac diem co ban giCra

phirong thuc kinh doanh truydn thong (thuong mai truyen thong) vdi phuong thuc

kinh doanh mdi - TMDT nham chi ra hieu qua to ldn ve mat kinh te - xa hoi ma

TMDT dem lai. Dong thdi, de tai con tap trung vao viec phan anh nhung dinh

hudng chien lucre va nhung dir doan ve xu the phat trien cua TMDT trong tuong

lai. Tir do, chi ra trien vong va tinh tat yeu cua viec ung dung TMDT vao boat

dong kinh doanh cua cac DN thu cong my nghe d Ha Noi noi rieng va cac DN

Viet Nam noi chung.

* DOI TUONG VA PHAM VI NGHIEN CUU CUA DE TAI:

Doi tuong nghien ciru cua de tai la thu’c trang irng dung TMDT vao boat

dong kinh doanh cua cac DN. Pham vi nghien ciru cua de tai la cac DN san xuat

kinh doanh hang thu cong my nghe (Handicraft)1 d Ha Noi.

1 Thudt ngitHandicraft (do diing lam bang tay) ditefe UNCTAD dinh nghia Id nhitng san pliant

trong qua trinh che tao co the hoqc khong dung nhitng cong cu, dung cu dern gidn do nhitng

ngtfcri nghe nhan lam ra, chu yeu diing bang tay hoac chan.

* PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU CUA DE TAI :

Db tai sir dung phuong phap duy vat bien chung, duy vat lich sir la phuong

phap nen lang ; gdn vdi ly luan va thu’c tidn de nghien ciru. Dac biet la phirong

phap phan tfch, tong hop, so sanh khai quat de luan giai theo muc dfch cua de tai.

Ben canh do, de tai cung ap dung cac phirong phap phong van, phuong phap quan

sat true tiep; cac bang bieu, so do de minh hoa...

* DONG GOP KHOA HOC CUA DE TAI:

V Trinh bay mot each he thong, bo sung, hoan thien va lam ro them nhung

van de ly luan co ban ve TMDT; tinh tat yeu cung nhu noi dung cua viec

irng dung TMDT vao hoat dong kinh doanh ciia cac DN.

V Phan tfch, danh gia dung thu’c trang ung dung TMDT tai cac DN kinh

doanh hang thu cong my nghe d Ha Noi. Tir do thay dupe hieu qua ciia

viec ung dung TMDT vao hoat dong kinh doanh ciia DN, cung nhu thay

dupe cac tdn tai can giai quyet nham nang cao kha nang ung dung TMDT

trong cac DN.

V Xay dung he thong giai phap dong bp, co can cir khoa hoc va phii hop vdi

thuc tidn nham tang tinh kha thi ciia cac giai phap khi ap dung.

* KET CAU LUAN VAN :

Ldi cam on

Danh muc chit viet tat

Danh muc bang, sa do

Muc luc

Ldi mo dau

S Chnong 1 : Nhung van de co ban ve Thuong mai dien tu va ung dung

Thuong mai dien tu vao hoat dong kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep.

S Chnong II : Thuc trang ung dung Thuong mai dien tu vao hoat dong kinh

doanh tai cac doanh nghiep thu cong my nghe o Ha Noi.

S Chnong III : Giai phap ung dung Thuong mai dien tu cho cac doanh

nghiep thu cong my nghe o Ha Noi.

Ket luan

Phu luc

Tai lieu tham khao

Luan van Thac sy Quan tri kinh doanh Vu Thi Minh Mien

CHVONGI

NHUNG VAN DE CO BAN VE THUONG MAI DIEN TU

VA UNG DUNG THUONG MAI DIEN TU

VAO HOAT DONG KINH DOANH CUA DOANH NGHIEP

1.1. NHUNG VAN DE CO BAN VE THUONG MAI DIEN TIT:

Trong sir phat trien cua nhan loai 6 cuoi the ky XX, dau the ky XXI,

cong nghe thong tin (CNTT) dupe coi la mot trong nhung lmh vu’e anh hirdng

sau rong nhat den toan bo cuoc song cua loai ngudi. Nhd CNTT noi chung va

Internet noi rieng, mot so nganh kinh doanh da co nhung birdc tien dai va

manh me.

Internet - mang toan cau - hinh thanh tu nhieu mang nhd (the network

of networks'), noi ket hang tricu may vi tinh tren the gidi thong qua he thong

vi6n thong. Tuy ra ddi muon (bat dau tir du an ARPANET1 ) nhung da nhanh

chong trd thanh phuong tien truyen thong pho bien va da trd thanh cong cu

dac luc khong the thieu trong xa hoi van minh cua chung ta. Internet cho phep

truy cap va khai thac cac co so dir lieu thuoc nhidu linh virc, nganh nghe khac

nhau nhu : y te, van hoa, giao due, khoa hoc ky thuat, kinh te... Noi tom lai,

Internet chira mot khdi lirpng thong tin khong 16 phan tan thanh nhieu mang

con tren toan cau. De dap ung nhip do phat trien nhanh chong cua Internet,

cac nha cung cap dich vu (ISPs - Internet Supply Providers) da khong ngirng

nghien ciru va cho ra ddi cac dich vu gia tang gia tri nham phuc vu cac doi

tupng sir dung Internet bdi ho nhan thuc dupe vai tro ciia CNTT va Internet

trong xa hoi hien nay - xa hoi cua nen kinh te tri thuc.Trong kinh doanh, cac

ung dung cua Internet dupe chia thanh 4 mire do khac nhau, cu the la :

* Qudng cdo tren Internet (Brochureware) : La ling dung cho phep

dua thong tin len mang dudi mot Website gidi thieu ve cong .ly, san pham...

* Thuong mai dien tit (Electronic Commerce - eCommerce) : La ung

dung cho phep trao doi giua ngudi mua va ngudi ban, hd tip khach hang va

quan ly co so dir lieu khach hang hoan toan tren mang. Day la hinh thuc giao

dich giua ngudi ban vdi ngudi mua (Business to Customer - B2C).

‘ ARPANET - mot die dn ditoc xue tien bdi Bo quoc phong My nam 1969

Luan van Thac sy Quan tri kinh doanh Vu Thi Minh Hien

* Kinh doanh dien til(Electronic Business - eBusiness) : La ung dung

cho phep thuc hien giao dich giua DN nay vdi DN khac va khach hang cua

DN do (Business to Business - B2B). No bao gom cac irng dung nhu: thi

trudng ao, quan ly quan he khach hang...

* Doanh nghiep dien tir (Electronic Enterprise - eEnterprise) : La cac

DN ung dung ca hinh thu’c B2C va B2B.

Nhu vay, TMDT ra ddi dura tren non tang va su phat trien cua CNTT

cung vdi Internet. Trong thuong mai quoc te hien nay, TMDT dong vai tro

ngay cang quan trong vi TMDT la phuong thu’c giao dich nhanh nhat, hieu qua

nhat, cung cap thong tin cap nhat...

1.1.1. Khai niem :

* Theo nghia rong :

Thuong mai dien tu’ (Electronic Commerce - eCommerce), mot yeu to

hop thanh cua "nen kinh te so hod", la hinh thai hoat dong thuong mai bang

cac phuong phap dien tu; la viec trao doi thong tin thuong mai thong qua cac

cong nghe dien tir ma noi chung la khong can phai in ra giay trong bat ky

cong doan nao cua qua trinh giao dich (con goi la "thirctng mai khong cd giay

Z(T)[12].

TMDT la viec su’ dung cac phuong phap dien tu de lam thuong mai. Noi

chinh xac hon, TMDT la viec trao doi thong tin thuong mai thong qua cac

phuong lien cong nghe dien tir, ma noi chung la khong can phai in ra giay

trong bat ky cong doan nao cua loan bp qua trinh giao dich1.

TMDT dupe hieu la viec thuc hien kinh doanh qua cac phuong tien dien

tir. Nd dua tren viec xir ly va truyen dir lieu dien tu dirdi dang van ban, am

thanh va hinh anh [18]. Trong dinh nghia nay, TMDT gom nhieu hanh vi,

trong do cd hoat dong mua ban hang hoa, dich vu; giao nhan cac noi dung ky

thuat so tren mang; chuyen tien dien tir; dau gia thuong mai; hop tac thiet ke;

tai nguyen mang; mua sdm cong cong; tiep thi true tiep to’i ngudi tieu dung va

cac dich vu sau ban hang; ddi vdi thuong mai hang hoa (hang tieu dung, cac

thiet bi y te chuyen dung...) va thuong mai dich vu (dich vu cung cap thong

tin, dich vu phap ly, tu van...); cac hoat dong truyen thong (chain soc sue

khoe, giao due...) va cac hoat dong mdi (sieu thi ao..).

Gzaz thick ciia Bao cao Ky thuat Thircmg mai dien tiiViet Nam

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