Giải pháp

NGHIEN CCrU - TRAO DOI

GIAI PHAP "GDI KfCH CAU" CAA NHA NtfOfC

VA Stf CHUYEN BIEN COA CHU NGHiA Ttf BAN

PGS NGUYEN VAN NINH

udc vao thap nien ddu tien the ki

XXI, cac nudc tu ban vdn phat trien

J L # binh thudng, tdc do tang trudng

GDP vdn deu dan va dn dinh sudt nhieu

nam. Td nam 2003 de'n ndm 2007, tdc do

dd hang nam d My va Anh la tren 2-3 %, d

Phdp, Due va Nhdt la tren 1-2%, Hy Lap

cao hon la tren 4%^.

1. Nhung sang nam 2008-2009, bung

nd cugc dai khung hoang kinh te toan cdu,

bdt ddu td nudc My. Ngudi ta udc tinh, nd

da lam thiet hai tdi ba chuc ngdn ti USD,

hau qua nang ne nhdt la d My, Tdy Au vd

Nhat Ban. Nd cung lam cho hang van ngdn

hang, nha may tren toan the gidi pha san.

Ddng trudc su tan phd cd kha nang huy

diet nen kinh te dat nudc, ngudi ta khdng

the trdng dgi vao chu truong "laissez faire"

va ban tay vd hinh cua thi trudng se tu giai

quye't, ma cac nhd nudc phai vao cude.

Nha nudc da cd bien phdp giai cdu, dn

dinh thi trudng tai chinh va kich thich kinh

te. Tren thuc te, cac nudc da cd "gdi kfch

cau" de cdu trg nen kinh te. "Kich cdu..., la

bien phdp bd sung day manh chi tieu rdng

ciia chinh phu (hay cdn ggi la tieu dung

cdng cdng) de lam tang tdng cau, kfch

thfch tang trudng kinh te"", "ddi khi cdn

dugc ggi la chinh sdch Keynes vi bien

phap nay tdc ddng tdi tdng eau" nhu tu

tudng cua Keynes la neu edn thi chinh phu

cd the chi tieu ngan sdch manh de'n mdc

ddn tdi tham hut ca ngan sach nha nudc de

kfch thfch tong cdu"2. Ngodi ra, cdn cd

nhilu gdi kfch thich kinh td' khdc nhu mua

lai cd phieu, ng xau cua cdc ngan hang mat

kha nang thanh toan, hd trg tai chfnh de co

cau lai v.v... Nhung gdi kfch cau la quan

trgng nhat, la chu luc trong cdc giai phdp

kfch thfch kinh te. My da chi vao ddy 819

ti USD trong 2 ndm 2009-2010, Nhdt Ban:

9,5 ti USD, Anh: 23,7 ti Euro, Tdy Ban

Nha: 8 ti Euro, Italia: 2,4 ti Euro.

Sd tien tren dugc dua vao 3 ITnh vuc:

mgt Id, ddu tu vao ca sd ha tang, ddo tao

nham tang viec lam, thu nhap cho ngudi

lao ddng, tang sdc mua cho ddn; hai Id,

bao lanh tfn dung, mua lai cac td chdc tai

chfnh cd nguy co pha san; ba Id, cho

khdng ngudi dan qua giam thue, trg cap

v.v2.

Ke't qua d My la da trg cap dugc cho

nhieu ngudi that nghiep. "Cd 1 dd la kfch

cdu tao ra dugc 1,73 dd la cdu tieu diing".

"O Italia, cdc hd ngheo nhdn dugc 1.000

euro (2009), d Phap khoang 3,8 trieu gia

dinh ngheo dugc trg cap 200 Euro/nam"^.

Co sd ha tdng d cdc nudc da dugc xay

dung. "Ngoai ra, cac nudc da chi khoang

12.500 ti USD, tuong duong 20,6% GDP

the gidi nam 2008"3.

2. Giai phdp "gdi kfch cdu" la bieu thi

cu the ciia cugc each mang trong tu duy

kinh te cua he thd'ng tu ban chu nghTa

(TBCN) the gidi. Cd cugc each mang nay

bdi ngudi ta da xdc dinh nguyen nhdn cua

cugc khung hoang toan cau nay, ngoai

nhung khiem khuyet trong he thd'ng ngdn

hang tai chfnh, su dd vd cua thi trudng cam

* Nguyen cdn bg Hoc vign Chfnh tri -

Hanh chfnh qud'c gia Hd Chf Minh.

TAP CHI QUAN LY NHA NU6c - SO 177 (10-2010)