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Gender Inequality and Women’s Empowerment pdf
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Gender Inequality and Women’s Empowerment 1
Ethiopian Society of Population Studies
Gender Inequality
and Women’s
Empowerment
In-depth Analysis of the Ethiopian Demographic
and Health Survey 2005
Addis Ababa, October 2008
2 In-depth Analysis of the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2005
Addis Ababa, October 2008
In-depth Analysis of the Ethiopian Demographic
and Health Survey 2005
Ethiopian Society of Population Studies
Gender Inequality
and Women’s
Empowerment
Gender Inequality and Women’s Empowerment 3
Addis Ababa, October 2008
This document was printed with funds provided by UNFPA.
Note: the findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this publication are entirely
those of the author(s) and should not be attributed in any manner to UNFPA.
4 In-depth Analysis of the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2005
Contents
Executive Summary 7
1. Introduction and Objectives 9
1.1 Introduction 9
1.2 Objectives of the Study 12
2. Background and Literature Review 13
2.1. An Overview of Gender Inequality in Developing Countries 13
2.2 The Ethiopian Context 16
2.3 Policy Overview 19
3. Data Source and Study Population 22
4. Gender Analysis 23
4.1. Concepts and Models 23
4.2. Methods 26
4.3 Results 26
4.4 Discussion on Gender and Education 33
5. Women’s Empowerment 36
5.1 Review of Concepts and Indicators 36
5.2 Methods 37
5.3 Results 40
5.4 Discussion 51
6. Recommendation and Limitations 54
6.1 Recommendation 54
6.2 Limitations of the Study 54
References 55
Gender Inequality and Women’s Empowerment 5
Acronyms and Abbreviations
BMI Body Mass Index
BPA Beijing Platform for Action
CEDAW Convention on Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women
CSA Central Statistical Authority
DHS Demographic and Health Survey
FDRE Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
FGD Focus Group Discussion
FGM Female Genital Mutilation
GAD Gender and Development
GER Gross Enrolment Ratio
GPI Gender Parity Index
MDGs Millennium Development Goals
MMR Maternal Mortality Ratio
SSA Sub-Saharan Africa
UNFPA United Nations Population Fund
WID Women in Development