Gánh nặng bệnh tật do tử vong sớm ở Việt Nam năm 2006

TCNCYHphu trWdng 71 (6) - 2010

The infant mortality rate was 12.7 per 1000 children - years. The IMR among premature deliveries

(20.2%o) was higher than among full term deliveries (8.4%o). A statistically significant difference between

children with low birth weight and normal birth weigh (98.9%o vs. 7.9%o; p < 0.01). Conclusions: The IMR

in Vietnam was lower than that in some other countries. Premature delivery and low birth weight were

factors related to infant mortality.

Keywords: mortality, infant

GANH NANG BENH TAT DO TL/ VONG S6(M • • •

6 VIET NAM NAM 2006

Nguyin Thj Trang Nhung^ , Nguyin PhOdng Hoa^, Bui Ngoc Llnh\ Nguyen Thanh HOdng^

'Trifdng Dai hoc Y te Cdng cdng; -Trddng Dai hoc Y Ha Ndi

Cinh ning benh tat do td vong sdm duac sd dung de dinh gii md hinh benh tit, giup cic nha hoach

dinh chinh sich cd them nhCfng bang chdng cho viec phin bo nguon ldc y te. Muc tieu: ddc Idang ganh

ning benh tit do td vong sdm cua Viet Nam nim 2006. Ddi tugng va phuang phap nghien ciiu: chi sd nam

sdng bi mi't (Years of Life Loss - YLL) duac dung de dinh gii ginh nang benh tit do td vong. Chi sd nay ddac

Udc Idang dda vao sd Idang td vong va ky vong sdng chuan cua tdng nhdm tuoi va nguyen nhin. Nguyen

nhan td vong ddac xic dinh bang phdang phdng van (VA) tai 64 tinh/thanh tren ca nddc. Ket qua: nim

2006, tong sd ganh nang benh tit do td vong sdm d Viet Nam ddc Idang vao khoang 9,6 trieu YLLs. Canh

ning benh tat do td vong d nd gidi cao hon nam gidi vdi nhdm benh khdng liy nhiim, nhdng vdi nhdm

nguyen nhin tai nan thuang tich thi ganh ning d nd thap han. Ket luan: Viet Nam mi't 9,6 tneu YLLs vao

nam 2006 do td vong. Cac benh hang dau giy ra ginh ning benh tat do td vong sdm d Viet nam la dot quy,

chin thuang va ung thu.

TO khoa: ganh nSng benh tat do td vong sdm (YLL), xac dinh nguyen nhan td vong bang phfldng phap phong

van (VA)

LDATVAND E

Hien nay, viec danh gia ginh nang benh tat

do tfl vong chu yeu dfla vao eac sd lieu v l sd

trifdng hdp tfl vong hoac ty suat tfl vong. Ngoai ra,

mpt each khae de do Ifldng ginh nang benh tat

do tfl vong sdm la sd nam sd'ng til m tang bi mat

(Year of Potential Life Loss - YPLL). Cac chi sd nay

tfldng dd'i d l diln gii i va tinh toan nhflng lai han

ehe bdi Inh hfldng cua tudi vdi eac van de sflc

khde dflde so sanh. Ddi vdi xa hpi, cac trifdng hdp

tfl vong d nhdm ngifdi tre, dac biet la tre em thi

cd tinh chat nghiem trpng hdn eac trfldng hdp tfl

vong d nhdm tudi Idn hdn [5]. Chi sd ganh nang

benh tat do tfl vong sdm (YLL) da giai quylt dfldc

van d l nay bang each xem xet tfl vong dfla vao ky

vpng sd'ng [8]. Chi sd YLL vdi chi sd do lifdng

ginh nang benh tat khdng gay ra td vong (Years

Lived with Disability - YLD) ca'u thanh nen ehi sd

- Sd nam sdng tan tat hieu ehinh (DALYs -

Disability Adjusted Life Years). Cac chi sd va

phfldng phap nay do Muray va Aland Lopez dfla ra

lln dau tien vao nam 1993 trong dfl I n do Ifldng

ganh nang benh tat toan cau do Td ehfle Y te the

gidi va Trfldng Dai hpe Havard thflc hien [8].

Din h gia ginh nang benh tat do tfl vong sdm

da dfldc tinh toan tai Viet Nam mpt each rieng le

tren quy md nhd va sd dung cac so' lieu khac nhau

[1, 3). Diem ehung eua cac nghien eflu nay la

dung chi sd - So' nam sdng til m tang bj mat

(PYLL) de do ginh nang benh tat cho qiiln the.

fm