Further discussions about the passive voice in the form n-v in vietnamese language.

30 NG6 N NG C & B6 I S6N G S 6 5 (247)-2016

BAN THEM VE CAU BI DQN G CO DANG N-V

TRONG TffiNG VIET

FURTHER DISCUSSIONS ABOUT THE PASSIVE VOICE IN THE FORM N-V

IN VIETNAMESE LANGUAGE

NGUYfiN MANH TI£ N

(ThS-NCS; Dal hpc Sir ph^m, DH Thdi NguySn)

Abstract: The article points out that in Vietnamese language because there is no clear

opposition about the forms between the active verb and passive verb, there is no apparent formal

opposition between the subject and the complement. To distinguish the subject from tiie

complement in the passive voice style with the form N-V, it is necessary to consider each

specific case; on the other hand, it is required to base on the realized meanmg of the verb -

predicate; also, we should rely on the certain formal methods.

Key words: passive voice; active verb; passive verb; formal method.

1. Trong mpt bdi viet dupc cong bo gan day

[4], chiing tdi da xem xdt sy dii Ifp giiia chft

ngii vd bo ngft dya vdo thufc tinh ket ttj efta

dfng tft - vj ngft; qua do, chi ra tfnh phftc tgp

ciia sy dii ldp giiia dpng tft npi hudng vd dfng

tft ngogi hudng va keo theo dilu do la tfnh

phftc tgp ciia sy doi Igp gifta chu ngft va bo

ngft trong tiing Viet . D I efp den sy dii Ifp

giiia chii ngft vd b l ngft, khdng the khdng de

cgp den nhftng cdu hay ciu tnic vdi vf ngft Id

dpng tft ngogi hudng nhung dupc diing ldm

thdi trong y nghTa nf i hudng. Trong nhthig

cdu hay cau true nhu vgy, vifc phan bift chu

ngft vdi bl ngft ciing gdp nhiing khd khdn nhit

dinh vl doi lap giiia chiing khong dupc bieu

hifn rd rdng.

Dudi ddy, sS dupe xem xdt Id mft kilu cdu

(ciu tnic) cy thi thufc trudng hpp trdn ddy.

Kieu cdu ndy gom hai thanh tl chfnh: mft

danh tft (cym danh tft) ve nghta bieu hay nghTa

sdu chi dii thi hogt dfng (dupc ki hifu Id N)

va mft dfng tft ngoai hudng (dupc ki hifu Id

V).

D I tifn cho vifc thao lufn, xin din Igi mft

so vf dy dd dupc cdc tdc gid din ra:

(la) Cd hai m? con vdn diu nuoi ndng bai

nhOng cua phi nghid. (Nguyen Hlng) (Dan theo

[3.211]).

(2a) Luc mam cam bung lin, (tdi dgp thdc

bgn toi dgy.) (Nguyin Cong Hoan) (Ddn tiieo [3,

207]).

(3a) Nd ldm bdng bgc. (Nguyen Cong Hoan)

(Din tiieo [5.158]).

(4a) Chiia xdy ta thdi cdch day mgt nghin sdu

trdm ndm bdi mdt nhd suAn Dg. (Chi Lan Vi6n).

(Din tiieo [5,159]).

(Sa) Bay gid, tiiu thuyit hdu hit viit bhng v&i

xudi. (Nguyin Dinh Thi) (Ddn theo [5,159]).

(6a) KM dong nude da chgn dung (ddt Igi rdo

rdo doxuSng.) (Chu Vdn) (Ddn tiieo [6,107]).

2. Trong vifc phdn tieh nhiing cdu hay c^u

tnic ttdn ddy, cd hai logi y kien khdc nhau:

a) Coi ^ y Id nhiing cdu hay ciu tide cd mt

hlnh: CN - VN trong do "jtr ddo vf tri cua

danh tu biiu thf ddi twpig len trudc d^ng tu la

cd tdc dung biiu thfy nghid bf dgn^* [3,207].

Theo quan nifm ndy, 'y nghTa bf dgng biiu thj

ed bang cd m$t cdu true ca phdp nhu vgy

khdng phdi Id dgng bf dgng cua riing dgng tu

md lay nghta bf ddng eiia cd edu" [3,208].

b) Coi day Id nhftng cdu hay ciu true khdng

chu ngft vdi bo ngft dupc dao Idn trudc vj ng&.

(Md hmh: BN - VN [5,154-159]).

Theo cdch phdn tich b), sd di till tft (danh

tft) dftng trudc dfng tft d nhftng cdu tren d^y

dupc coi Id bl ngft ddo chft khdng dupc coi \i

chft ngft Id vi chiing khdng ddp ling dupc ti6u

chi efta chft ngft (dupc xdc ^itii bdng thii ph^

nguydn nhdn hda [5,151]).

3.L Theo chiing tdi, neu phdn tich theo cdch

thft hai se g|ip nhftng dilm vudng mdc rit kh6

lugn gidi mft cdch tiiod ddng. Cy till: