Thư viện tri thức trực tuyến
Kho tài liệu với 50,000+ tài liệu học thuật
© 2023 Siêu thị PDF - Kho tài liệu học thuật hàng đầu Việt Nam
Export-import theory, practices, and procedures - Second Edition
Nội dung xem thử
Mô tả chi tiết
Belay Seyoum, PhD
Export-Import
Theory, Practices,
and Procedures
Second Edition
Pre-publication
REVIEWS,
COMMENTARIES,
EVALUATIONS . . .
“This book covers a number of significant gaps that are not addressed elsewhere. By focusing specifically on trade rather than other forms
of international expansion, Dr. Seyoum
has achieved the near-impossible—indepth and thorough coverage of both
the theory and the practice of exporting, and significantly broader coverage
of importing than is the norm, thus offering the most complete coverage of
all facets of trade that I have seen. It excels by integrating theory with practice
and exports with imports. The fact that
this book starts with a brief history of
international trade and concludes with
a sample distributorship agreement,
speaks to the singular achievement of
this book: true cover-to-cover, and topto-bottom, coverage of all relevant issues in exporting and importing.”
Dr. Nicolas Papadopoulos, PhD
Professor of Marketing and International
Business; Associate Dean (Research);
Director, International Business Study
Group, Eric Sprott School of Business,
Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
More pre-publication
REVIEWS, COMMENTARIES, EVALUATIONS . . .
“International Trade has always been
a hands-on subject and the few
books that are out there do not address
anywhere near the width and depth
that Export-Import Theory, Practices, and
Procedures: Second Edition, does. Each of
the twenty chapters in this book closes
with a great summary. The student
here is also provided with enough references, case studies, and international
perspectives on the subject matter covered within the chapter. There are even
review questions for further self-study.
The chapters on import regulations is
especially valuable to the student of international trade and the section on export licensing and regulations of the
Commerce Department is a boon to
any new or seasoned export manager.
The useful presentation of typical import and export transactions as well as
samples of distributor agreements and
business plans put this book way
above any other in its class.”
Ashok Sadhwani, BCom, GDMM, CHB
President and CEO, ASMARA USA INC.;
Instructor, Business and Legal Programs,
UCLA Extension, Los Angeles;
Associate Professor, International Trade,
Chulalongkorn University,
Bangkok, Thailand;
Consultant for the Government
of The Philippines, Airport Cargo
Operations
Export-Import
Theory, Practices,
and Procedures
Second Edition
Export-Import
Theory, Practices,
and Procedures
Second Edition
Belay Seyoum, PhD
First published 2000 by The Haworth Press
This edition published 2009
by Routledge
270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016
Simultaneously published in the UK
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2000 The Haworth Press
© 2009 Taylor & Francis
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced
or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means,
now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording,
or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in
writing from the publishers.
Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or
registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation
without intent to infringe.
Cover design by Jennifer M. Gaska
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Seyoum, Belay, 1953–
Export-import theory, practices, and procedures / Belay Seyoum,
editor.—2nd ed.
p. cm.
ISBN: 978-0-7890-3419-9 (hard : alk. paper)
ISBN: 978-0-7890-3420-5 (soft : alk. paper)
1. Exports. 2. Imports. 3. Export marketing. 4. International trade. I.
Title.
HF1414.4.S49 2007
382—dc22
2007034264
ISBN10: 0-7890-3419-0 (hbk)
ISBN 10: 0-7890-3420-4 (pbk)
ISBN 10: 0-2038-8930-4 (ebk)
ISBN13: 978-0-7890-3419-9 (hbk)
ISBN 13: 978-0-7890-3420-5 (pbk)
ISBN 13: 978-0-2038-8930-5 (ebk)
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2008.
“To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s
collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.”
ISBN 0-203-88930-4
Master e-book ISBN
CONTENTS
Preface xv
Strengths and Features of this Book xv
Changes in the Second Edition xv
Acknowledgments xvii
Introduction: A Brief History of International Trade 1
Ancient Period 1
Colonial Period (1500-1900) 2
1900 to the Present 3
SECTION I: OVERVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE
Chapter 1. Growth and Direction of International Trade 7
Importance of International Trade to the Global Economy 7
Determinants of Trade 9
Volume and Direction of Trade 9
Important Developments in Trade 10
Chapter Summary 14
Review Questions 15
Case 1.1. The Limitations of Export-Led Growth 15
Chapter 2. International and Regional Agreements
Affecting Trade 19
The GATT and WTO 19
Regional Integration Agreements (RIAs) 22
The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) 25
The European Union 32
Chapter Summary 36
Review Questions 37
Case 2.1. The Benefits and Costs of Free Trade 37
About the Author xiii
SECTION II: EXPORT MARKETING AND STRATEGY
Chapter 3. Setting Up the Business 41
Ownership Structure 41
Business or Trade Name 48
Bank Accounts, Permits, and Licenses 49
Location and Use of Professional Services 49
Organizing for Export: Industry Approach 50
General Principles of Taxation 52
Taxation of Export-Import Transactions 54
International Transfer Pricing 61
Chapter Summary 65
Review Questions 66
Case 3.1. Globalization and the Shrinking Tax Base 66
Chapter 4. Planning and Preparations for Export 69
Assessing and Selecting the Product 69
International Market Research 72
International Market Assessment 75
Developing an International Business Plan 77
Export Counseling and Assistance 78
Overseas Travel and Promotion 83
Chapter Summary 91
Review Questions 92
Case 4.1. Developing Export Markets 92
Chapter 5. Export Channels of Distribution 95
Indirect Channels 99
Direct Channels 105
Locating, Contacting, and Evaluating Agents
and Distributors 108
Contracts with Foreign Agents and Distributors
(Representatives) 110
Major Clauses in Representation Agreements 110
Maintaining and Motivating Overseas Representatives 115
Chapter Summary 115
Review Questions 116
Case 5.1. Export Channel Decisions of Two U.S.
Companies 117
Case 5.2. The Internet and Exporting: A Focus
on Developing Countries 118
Chapter 6. International Logistics, Risk, and Insurance 121
International Logistics 121
External Influences on Logistics Decisions 123
Typical Logistics Problems and Solutions 125
The International Logistics Process 126
Logistics Functions 129
Risks in Foreign Trade 131
Marine and Aviation Insurance 135
Claims and Procedures 140
Chapter Summary 145
Review Questions 147
Case 6.1. Marine Insurance 147
Case 6.2. Marine Insurance: Inchmaree Clause 148
SECTION III: EXECUTING THE TRANSACTIONS
Chapter 7. Pricing in International Trade 153
Determinants of Export Prices 154
Pricing in Export Markets 156
Terms of Sale 158
Chapter Summary 174
Review Questions 176
Case 7.1. Incoterms (CIF) 177
Case 7.2. Incoterms (C&F) 177
Chapter 8. Export Sales Contracts 179
Harmonization of Contract Law 179
CISG: Essential Elements 180
Pertinent Clauses in Export Contracts 185
Chapter Summary 193
Review Questions 194
Case 8.1. CISG 195
Case 8.2. China National Products versus Apex Digital Inc. 195
Chapter 9. Trade Documents and Transportation 197
Documentation in Export-Import Trade 197
Transportation 201
Air Transportation 201
Ocean Freight 205
The Role of Freight Forwarders in Transportation 214
Chapter Summary 217
Review Questions 219
Case 9.1. What Constitutes a Package Under COGSA? 220
Case 9.2. The Container Revolution 221
SECTION IV: PAYMENT TERMS AND PROCEDURES
Chapter 10. Exchange Rates and International Trade 225
Foreign Exchange Transactions 225
Protection against Exchange Rate Risks 229
Chapter Summary 236
Review Questions 236
Case 10.1. Will the U.S. Dollar Maintain Its Key
Currency Status? 237
Chapter 11. Methods of Payment 239
Consignment Sales 239
Open Account 241
Documentary Collection (Documentary Draft) 242
Documentary Letter of Credit 247
Cash in Advance 258
Other Letters of Credit 259
Chapter Summary 265
Review Questions 268
Case 11.1. Dishonoring Letters of Credit 269
Case 11.2. The Independent Principle in Letters of Credit 270
Chapter 12. Countertrade 271
Origins of Countertrade 271
Benefits of Countertrade 273
Theories on Countertrade 274
Forms of Countertrade 276
Countertrade and the WTO 284
Countertrade and the International Monetary Fund 285
Governments’ Attitudes Toward Countertrade 286
Chapter Summary 287
Review Questions 290
Case 12.1. The Bofors-India Countertrade Deal 290
Case 12.2. Offsets in U.S. Defense Trade 291
SECTION V:
FINANCING TECHNIQUES AND VEHICLES
Chapter 13. Capital Requirements and Private Sources
of Financing 297
Capital Sources for Export-Import Businesses 299
Private Sources of Export Financing 306
Chapter Summary 314
Review Questions 316
Case 13.1. Tadoo’s Sales to Belgium 316
Chapter 14. Government Export Financing Programs 319
Export-Import Bank of the United States (Ex-Im Bank) 320
Small Business Administration 332
Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) 334
Private Export Funding Corporation 337
U.S. Department of Agriculture 337
Chapter Summary 338
Review Questions 340
Case 14.1. Trade Finance for Small and Medium-Sized
Enterprises in Transition Economies 341
Case 14.2. Ex-Im Bank Financing: Selected Cases 342
SECTION VI:
EXPORT REGULATIONS AND TAX INCENTIVES
Chapter 15. Regulations and Policies Affecting Exports 347
Export Licensing and Administration 347
Antiboycott Regulations 360
Foreign Corrupt Practices 363
Antitrust Laws and Trade Regulation 368
Incentives to Promote Exports 373
Chapter Summary 377
Review Questions 380
Case 15.1. Export Trade Certificate of Review 381
Case 15.2. Enforcement of Export Regulations 383
SECTION VII:
IMPORT PROCEDURES AND TECHNIQUES
Chapter 16. Import Regulations, Trade Intermediaries,
and Services 389
Import Restrictions in the United States 389
U.S. Free Trade Agreements 394
U.S. Trade Preferences 396
Trade Intermediaries and Services 398
Chapter Summary 403
Review Questions 404
Case 16.1. Tax Deduction for Processing in Maquilas:
Mere Assembly or Fabrication 406
Chapter 17. Selecting Import Products and Suppliers 407
Types of Products for Importation 407
Finding the Product 409
What Determines Import Volume? 411
Selecting the Supplier 412
International Sourcing 414
Pricing the Imported Product 417
Import Marketing Channels 417
Financing Imports 419
Chapter Summary 420
Review Questions 421
Case 17.1. The ATA Carnet: Unlocking Customs
for Temporary Entry of Goods 421
Case 17.2. Maytag’s Triad Strategy 423
Chapter 18. The Entry Process for Imports 425
The Entry Process 428
The Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States 432
Customs Valuation 433
Rules of Origin and Other Marking Requirements 438
Chapter Summary 439
Review Questions 441
Case 18.1. Deemed Liquidation by Customs 444
Case 18.2. Product Classification 445
Chapter 19. Import Relief to Domestic Industry 447
Antidumping and Countervailing Duties 447
Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Proceedings 453
Other Trade Remedies 456
Chapter Summary 461
Review Questions 462
Case 19.1. Similar Products and Dumping 463
Chapter 20. Intellectual Property Rights 465
What Are IPRs? 465
IPRs and International Trade 468
Protection of IPRs 469
International/Regional Protection 473
Chapter Summary 476
Review Questions 476
Case 20.1. Patents and Access to Lifesaving Drugs 477
Appendix A: Trading Opportunities in Selected Countries 479
Appendix B: Importing into the United States 521
Appendix C: Trade Profiles of Selected Nations (2004)
(Million U.S. Dollars) 531
Appendix D: Average Tariff Rates of Selected Countries
(2002-2004) 535
Appendix E: Ex-Im Bank Programs 537
Appendix F: Sample Export Business Plan: Donga Michael
Export Company 561
Appendix G: Sample Import Business Plan: Otoro Import
Company 567
Appendix H: Export Sales Contract (Basic Clauses) 573
Appendix I: Sample Distributorship Agreement 585
Appendix J: Sample Sales Representative Agreement 593
Appendix K: North American Free Trade Agreement 601
Appendix L: Trade Documents 619
References 627
Index 649