Energy Options for the Future phần 2 docx

In the nuclear area there are a number of pro￾grams to enhance the performance of existing

plants and to develop improved fuel cycles

and advanced reactors see talks by McCarthy,

section ‘‘Nuclear Energy’’ and Christian, sec￾tion ‘‘Nuclear Industry Perspective.’’

In the fusion energy area, the U.S. has re￾joined the International Thermonuclear

Experimental Reactor activity—see Dean

talk, section ‘‘Paths to Fusion Power.’’

Sequestration of CO2

There is a large potential for the sequestration of

CO2 in a variety of storage options—gas and oil

reservoirs, coal seams, saline aquifers, the deep ocean,

and through conversion to minerals and by bio￾conversion, see Figure 5.

CCTP Process

The CCTP process is involved in Federal R&D

portfolio review and budget input. It has a strategic

plan and a working group structure in the areas of

Energy production,

Energy efficiency,

Sequestration,

Other gases,

Monitoring and measurement, and

Supporting basic research.

It has issued a competitive solicitation/RFI

seeking new ideas.

The keys to meeting the President’s goals are:

leadership in climate science,

leadership in climate-related technology,

better understanding of the potential risks of

climate change and costs of action, Robust

set of viable technology options that address

energy supply and efficiency/productivity,

integrated understanding of both science and

technology to chart future courses and ac￾tions,

global approach… all nations must partici￾pate.

A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE OF COAL & NAT￾URAL GAS: RITA BAJURA (NETL)

Coal

Reserves and Use

The world’s recoverable reserves of coal are

1083 billion tons, a 210 year supply at the current

annual consumption. The United States has the

largest amount of these reserves—25%. Russia has

16%, China 12%, and India and Australia about

9%.

Increasingly, coal is used for electricity pro￾duction, 92% of 1.1 billion tons in the U.S. in 2002

and a projected 94% of 1.6 billion tons in 2025.

g

Fig. 6.

Energy Options for the Future 73