EKC 2009 proceedings of EU-Korea conference on science and technology

Springer Proceedings in Physics 135

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Editors

Joung Hwan Lee · Habin Lee

Jung-Sik Kim

EKC 2009 Proceedings of

EU-Korea Conference on

Science and Technology

123

Editors

Joung Hwan Lee

The University of Sheffield

The Adv. Manufacturing

Research Centre with Boeing

Wallis Way, Catcliffe

S60 5TZ Rotherham

United Kingdom

E-mail: jhlee@kseauk.org

Jung-Sik Kim

Loughborough University

Aeronautical And Automotive

Engineering

LE11 3TU Loughborough

United Kingdom

E-mail: j.kim@kseauk.org

Habin Lee

Brunel University

Kingston Lane

UB8 3PH Uxbridge

United Kingdom

Email: habin.lee@kseauk.org

ISSN 0930-8989 e-ISSN 1867-4941

ISBN: 978-3-642-13623-8 e-ISBN: 978-3-642-13624-5

DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-13624-5

Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York

Library of Congress Control Number: 2010928127

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Preface

It gives us great pleasure to welcome you to this issue of the Springer Book Series.

This issue is dedicated to the publication of selected papers written by researchers

in Europe and Korea from the EU- Korea Conference on Science and Technology

(http://www.ekc2009.org, 2009).

The year of 2009 bears a special significance to us, the Korean Scientists’ and

Engineers’ Association in the UK (KSEAUK), as we reach this year, the 35th an￾niversary of the association’s establishment in the UK, 35, the age of no skepti￾cism but self-reliance. The KSEAUK laid its foundation for the last 35 years

through a mountain of trials and errors and, also we have been significantly im￾proved in terms of quality and quantity for the last 7 years. We now dare to have

the confidence to say that we have contributed to the development of science and

technology for our homeland.

Following the successful hosting of last year’s EU-Korea Conference

(EKC2008) in Heidelberg, Germany, the KSEAUK is very pleased to continue

this tradition in 2009 in Reading, UK, with the hosting of EKC2009 at Wokefield

Park near London. We are truly excited to be able to provide the opportunity and

the venue where Europe’s Korean scientists and engineers and also those scientists

and engineers in Korea can meet in one place so as to exchange information and

network with one another.

The KSEAUK, has prepared this year's EKC conference, under the title of "Sci￾ence and Technology Closer to Humanity-Greenness" with the focus on "Green

Science and Technology". Currently, it appears that the world is debilitated from

the global economic downturn and in efforts to overcome this crisis, new tech￾nologies are constantly sought after. However, many of these efforts seem have

reached the end of their line regarding new technologies in mono-disciplinary re￾searches alone and the solution to this issues seems to spring out of inter￾disciplinary research approaches. Amongst these, the key Issue appears to be the

interdisciplinary technologies combining both the issues of environment and en￾ergy solutions which involve a vast number of projects carried out by various

groups of scholars from all over the world. I believe that South Korea is no excep￾tion here.

In line with this trend, we prepared an opportunity where those of you who

work in the areas of advanced sciences and technologies in Europe and those of

VI Preface

you who work in the same areas in Korea and those interested in the related envi￾ronmental and energy policies in Korea, can exchange ideas.

During the event, parallel with this theme of EKC2009, the Korean Federation

of Science and Technology Societies (KOFST) hosted a symposium entitled “Ul￾tra-Programme”, focussing on the area of environmentally friendly technology and

energy in depth. Moreover a variety of expert presentations ranging from

nanotechnology to aerospace engineering delivered at EKC2009, giving you a

plenty of opportunities to information exchange and awareness of the issues.

We would like to thank the EKC2009 organising committee members, espe￾cially, Ki-Jun Lee, President of KOFST and Soo-Sam Kim, Vice-president of

KOFST, Man-Wook Han, President of KOSEAA, Chang-Hoon Jun, President of

ASCoF. Joon-Weon Seok, President of VeKNI, volunteers and sponsors who have

made this conference possible.

Finally, the EKC2009 would not have been successful without the huge amount

of efforts from the local organising committee members including Soo Hwan Kim,

Namshik Han, Sung Eun Bae, Sung Joo Lee, Sungwook Park, Minsoo Kim, Ja￾won Song, Seongjin Baek, Young Duck Kang, Joseph Lee, Chang-Ho Choi, Anne

Kim, Rira Kim, Ik Soo Kim and last but not least Jaeyoun Oh who helped a lot for

preparing this book.

Thank you very much and please enjoy reading.

March 2010 Joung Hwan Lee

(EKC2009 Chair, President of KSEAUK)

Habin Lee

(Program Chair, SIG-T Leader of KSEAUK)

Jung-Sik Kim

(Vice President, KSEAUK)

Volume Editors

Table of Contents

Past, Present and Future Contribution on Research and

Development of Aero-Propulsion Systems in Korea .......... 1

Changduk Kong

Application of Bioelectrochemical Process (BES) for

Electricity Generation and Sustainable Wastewater

Treatment ................................................... 17

Jung Rae Kim

Trend of Mathematical Models in Microbial Fuel Cell for

Environmental Energy Refinery from Waste/Water .......... 25

Sung Taek Oh

Optimization Methodology of Low Carbon Mixed Energy

Systems Using the Bees Algorithm .......................... 31

Ji Young Lee, Jae Min Kim

Technology Co-evolution Analysis in the Energy Sector ...... 41

Sungjoo Lee, Byungun Yoon

Optimal Operation System of the Integrated District

Heating System with Multiple Regional Branches ........... 49

Ui Sik Kim, Tae Chang Park, Lae-Hyun Kim, Yeong Koo Yeo

A Research on the Application Method for Renewable

Energy Complex System for School Buildings ................ 61

Ji-Yeon Kim, Sung-Hee Hong, Hyo-Soon Park, Sung-Sil Kim,

Jae-Min Kim

Green Architecture: Analysis of the Tendency of Green

Architecture in France ....................................... 73

Seung-Ho Lee

VIII Table of Contents

An Analysis of the Plans to Reduce Demand for Energy

and Introduce Renewable Energy Systems in Innovation

Cities ........................................................ 81

Hyo-Soon Park, Sung-Hee Hong, Ji-Yeon Kim, Jong-Hun Hyun

Wireless Monitoring System for Hybrid Power Generation

System ...................................................... 91

Jin-Seok Oh, Soo-Young Bae, Ji-Young Lee, Jun-Ho Kwak,

Jae-Min Kim, Cameron Johnstone

Level Set Method for Reconstruction of Thin

Electromagnetic Inclusions .................................. 99

Won-Kwang Park, Dominique Lesselier

Uniaxial Compressive Behaviour of Carbon Fibre-Epoxy

Laminates – Part 1: Unnotched .............................. 109

Joung Hwan Lee

Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Magnetic

Microcomponents ............................................ 131

Jung-Sik Kim, Miha Zakotnik

A Multi-Agent Emotion Generating System for Mobile

Robots System .............................................. 141

Shivashankar B. Nair, Dong Hwa Kim

Quality Prediction for a Fed-Batch Fermentation Process

Using Multi-Block PLS ...................................... 155

Jeong Jin Hong, Jie Zhang

Constrained Sintering Stress-Review ......................... 163

Samuel Taub, Jung-Sik Kim

Uniaxial Compressive Behaviour of Carbon Fibre-Epoxy

Laminates – Part 2: Notched ................................ 175

Joung Hwan Lee

Comparative Study of Risk Assessment Approaches Based

on Different Methods for Deriving DNEL and PNEC of

Chemical Mixtures .......................................... 191

Jongwoon Kim, Sanghun Kim, Gabriele E. Schaumann

Search for New Physics with AMS-02 Transition Radiation

Detector ..................................................... 203

Chanhoon Chung

The State of the Art of Visual Analytics ..................... 213

Dong-Han Ham

Table of Contents IX

Development of Analytical Algorithm for the Performance

Analysis of Power Train System of an Electric Vehicle ....... 223

Chul-Ho Kim, Kee-Man Lee, Sang-Heon Lee

Stochastic Gene Expression Model Base Gene Regulatory

Networks .................................................... 235

Haseong Kim, Erol Gelenbe

The Concentrations of Circulating Plasma Oxytocin and

the Pattern of Oxytocin Release in Mare during Oestrus

and after Ovulation .......................................... 245

Sung Eun Bae

Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257

KSEAUK 35th Anniversary Materials ....................... 259

EKC 2009 Symposium Information .......................... 269

J.H. Lee et al. (Eds.): EU-Korea Conference on Science and Technology, SPPHY 135, pp. 1–16.

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Past, Present and Future Contribution on

Research and Development of Aero-Propulsion

Systems in Korea

Changduk Kong1

Abstract. Korean government has recently allocated and invested large research

and development fund in both engineering and science related projects including,

information technology, marine, aerospace and high speed train transportation etc.

Among them, aerospace engineering is an importance area for promoting the

next generation economic and strategic growth. This paper hence aims to reflect

past, present and future contribution on the research and development of air￾breathing propulsion systems that has been carried out by several major aero pro￾pulsion related research institutes, companies, universities and societies in Korea.

Research institutions, companies and universities related to R&D of aerospace

engineering in the Republic of Korea are structured in a more or less departmental

manner where upcoming research projects are designated to be carried out by cer￾tain specialized research centers to handle the given project. However it is rational

to classify them according to the research areas, activities performed and accord￾ing to their long-term future anticipated projects.

1 Introduction

We can not underestimate the importance of aero power plants in producing the

thrust force for flying vehicle. This makes aero propulsion engines a fundamental

consideration in aircraft development. Early aircraft widely used reciprocating en￾gines. However, since the development of the first experimental Whittle gas tur￾bine engine in 1937, aero gas turbine engine became the major power plant for

aero vehicles that are now more diverged depending on their applications. The

aero-propulsion can be greatly divided into air-breathing engine and the engine re￾lated system. The air-breathing engine can be classified into turbojet, turbofan,

turboshaft, turboprop, propfan, unducted fan, ramjet, scramjet, hybrid air￾breathing engines, and each engine has the proper operation flight envelop de￾pending on its flight velocity and altitude1

. The air breathing engine is composed

of some major components such as compressor, turbine, burner, nozzle, intake,

fan, propeller, reduction gear, shaft, case, rotor blade and propfan, and some sub￾systems such as engine controller, lubrication, fuel, cooling, starting and ignition

1

Department of Aerospace Engineering, Chosun University,

375 Seosuk-dong Gwangju South Korea

cdgong@chosun.ac.kr

2 C. Kong

Fig. 1. Typical aero-gas turbine design procedure

system. Recent advanced technologies have been developed for more energy effi￾cient such as low fuel consumption, more environment friendly such as low noise

and low emission, more reliable and long life gas turbine engines in worldwide.

Typical development procedure used in the development of engines is as shown in

Fig. 1. [1]

The propulsion system integration also is an important stage towards the devel￾opment of aero vehicles. Figure 2 shows various activities of the propulsion

system integration and design steps such as engine selection, inlet sizing, nozzle

sizing, aerodynamic analysis and test of inlet and nozzle, propulsion system per￾formance analysis and test, structural design and analysis, etc. [2]

Korea has a short history in air breathing propulsion system that dates back in

the 1970s. In order to obtain the gas turbine development technology, some major

companies and research institutes have invested development cost of more than

0.1 billion US dollars since 1991. [3] The Agency for Defense Development

(ADD) has contributed greatly to research and development of air breathing

Past, Present and Future Contribution on R&D of Aero-Propulsion Systems 3

Fig. 2. Propulsion System integration procedure

engine in Korea. At the start of 1980, the 1334N thrust class turbojet engine was

developed for a decoy mission RPV (see Fig. 3). This marked the beginning of

turbojet engine development in Korea. By the end of 1999, the 4448N thrust class

turbo jet engine (SS-760K) was developed for a special flight vehicle. Projects su￾pervised and developed under the watch of the author as a head of Aero￾propulsion Division of ADD at the time.

Currently Korea has the capability to develop a 1000HP class gas turbine with

an additional 0.1 billion US dollars invested for 5 year started in 2006. The

Fig. 3. Expendable 1334N class turbojet engine and engine control room

4 C. Kong

Korean aero engine has an annual market size about 0.4 billion US dollars includ￾ing 51% for military and 49% for civil. Korea has a mid-term technological aero

engine development plan for the domestic development of a high altitude UAV’s

gas turbine engine, international co-development of the KHP’s turbo shaft engine,

the domestic development of the KHP’s APU, the international co-development of

a commercial turbofan engine, etc. Korean research institutions and university are

not only inland based but also work in collaboration with other overseas countries

like USA, Russia, Japan, Israel and UK among others serving as a good guide to

evaluate Korean aerospace potentials and to understand the general global trend in

aero-engine development. Figure 4 shows 2007 technology road map for develop￾ment of aero power plant parts which was generated by Korean government. [3]

Fig. 4. 2007 Technology road map for development of aero power plant parts

2 Current Status of Korean Air breathing Engines

The following article briefly introduces some major research institutes, industries

and universities for research and development, manufacturing, maintenance and

overhaul of air breathing in Korea.

2.1 Samsung Techwin Company

Samsung Techwin Company (Former Samsung Aerospace Company) is a major

air breathing engine company in Korea. This company started operation in 1970

by offering overhauls and licensed production of military and civil aircraft engines

for example T-56, T-53, T-700 for UH-60 helicopter, LM2500, A250, J-79 for F-4

Past, Present and Future Contribution on R&D of Aero-Propulsion Systems 5

fighter, J-85 (1980) for F-5A,B fighter, F-100(1994) for F-16 fighter, F404(2002)

for T-50 supersonic advanced trainer and A-50 attack, F110(2005) for F-15K

fighter etc., and they have also performed co-works with domestic and interna￾tional institutes and companies for research, development and production of K77

APU, F100 turbo charger(1996), turbo master(1997), turbo compressor SM1000

(micro scale) and SM6000(large scale)(2001), Turbo green 1200(1997), 100kW

APU(2002), T700 turbo shaft engine modification for KHP helicopter(2007) ,

APU for KHP helicopter (2007), SS760K turbojet engine for the anti-ship missile,

etc. (see Fig.. 5) [5]

a) T-700 (overhaul/license/modification) b) F-100(license) for F-16 fighter

c) F-110 for F-15K fighter (license) d) 100kW APU (development)

e) SS-760K Turbojet (development) f) SM6000 Turbo compressor

Fig. 5. Aero engines overhauled, licensed and developed by Samsung Techwin

The SS-760K turbojet engine was especially co-developed for a special flight

vehicle by the Agency for Defense Development and Samsung Techwin Company

between 1990 to 2002. This engine was the first successful production jet engine

in Korea, and the author prepared its development plan and was initially responsi￾ble for development of this engine. This engine is now produced for flight vehicles

and UAVs, and has several derivatives such as turbofans and scaled turbojet

engines.