Động từ tiếng anh

THANH HA (Bien soan)

NHA XUAT BAN TU OIEN BACH KHOA

DONG TUT

TIENG ANH

THANH HA

(Bien soan)

D O N G T IT

TIENG ANH

NHA XUAT BAN TIT DIEN BACH KHOA

THANH HA

Mot trong nhCifng kho khan cua ngUdi hoc tieng

Anh la lam the nao de nam viing ngut phap, trong do

hieu va van dung cac loai tijf trong cau. Xuat phat tii

thuc te do chung toi bien soan bo sach “Dong tCf tieng

Anh” nay.

Cuon sach la nhCitng kien thtic cd ban ve dong

tuf trong tieng Anh, cach sU dung, co kem theo cac vi

du thUc te di kem.

De dung cuon sach nay co hieu qua hOn, tot

nhat ban nen do xem ky tting phan trU6c khi do sang

phan sau.

Trong qua trinh beienoan chac khong tranh

khoi thieu sot, rat mong nhan dUOc y kien dong gop

cua cac ban.

5

THANH HA

CAC DANG THU’C CUA

DONG TlT TIENG ANH

Dong tti dUdc dinh nghia tren cd sd hinh thiic khi co

the, va theo cach sU dung cua chung trong cau.

Trong cac vi du dudi day, nhiing ti* dUdc gach chan

la dong tti.

- I go to school.

Toi di den trit&ng.

- She sings a song.

Cd ay hat mot Bai hat.

- He answered very well.

Anh ay tra Idi rat tot.

Dong tu! co nam hinh thiic nhu sau:

1 . Nguyen m iu (base form) - tti thUdng thay trong

tu! dien.

2. Hinh thiic them “e/es” (-s form) ■ thUdng dung d

ngoi thii ba so it.

3. Hinh thtic qua kh\i (past tense) - thUdng dung d

qua khii ddn.

4. Hinh thuc hien tai phan tu! (-ing participle) -

thUdng dung d thi tiep dien hay trong cac menh de

phan tti hien tai.

5. Hinh thuc qua khr( phan tii (past participle) -

thu'dng dung d thi hoan thanh hay trong the bi dong, co

nhieu dong tijf hinh thuc qua khii va qua khii phan tii

giong nhau.

Cac dong tu' co hinh thiic qua khu va qua khii phan

tvf tan cung bang "ed" rat pho bien trong tieng Anh, goi

la dong tu' co quy tac (regular).

Vi du: watch - watched, look - looked

7

DONG TU TIENG ANH

Nhiing dong tut khac thuoc dang bat quy tac

(irregular), co nghia la hinh thiic cua tiing dong tii

khong theo mot nguyen tac nao. Tat ca dong tii deu co

s-form va ing-form va nhulng hinh thiic nay luon luon co

quy tac nen de biet hinh thiic cua moi dong tir tieng

Anh, can biet ba hinh thiic cua moi dong tii bat quy tac:

nguyen mau (base form) - qua khvf (past tense) •

qua khti phan tif (past participle).

* Chu y: cac dong tii khuyet thieu: “can, may,

must, might, will, should, could...” khong co hinh

thiic d ngoi thii ba so it (-s form), hien tai phan tii (-ing

form) hoac cac thi qua khii (past tense).

Quy tac sU dung cac dong tii khuyet thieu nay hoan

toan khac vdi dong tii.

CAC LOAI DONG TUT

Trong tieng Anh co hai loai dong tii chinh la ngoai

dong tii va noi dong tii.

1. Ngoai dong tif (transitive verb)

Ngoai dong tii: co the theo sau la mot danh tu lam

tan ngU - ten cua ngUdi, vat hay sU vat tiep nhan hanh

dong.

Vi du:

- She is^leanmg the floor.

Co ay dang lau nha.

- We met him at the bank.

Chung toi gap anh ay d ngan hang.

- I helped that woman.

Toi da giup ngi/di ph u nit ay.

2. Noi dong tif (intransitive verb)

Noi dong tii': khong co danh tii theo sau no. Noi

cach khac. sau noi dong tii khong cd tan ngii.

8

THANH HA

Vi du:

- He draws.

Anh ay ve.

- We work.

Chung toi lam viec.

- I felt tired.

Toi cam thay met moi.

Noi dong tii dUdc chia thanh hai nhom: dong tii noi

(ilinking verb) va dong tit khong noi (not linking verb).

Dong tii noi: theo sau la mot danh tit nen de nham

vdi ngoai dong tii, nhUng danh tu! theo sau dong tit noi

luon noi ve ngUdi hay vat co vai tro la chu ngut cua dong

tii. Dong tii noi thUdng dimg la “be”, “become, turn, get”.

Vi du:

- This wallet is Lan’s mother.

Cai vi nay la cua me Lan.

- She has become a singer.

Co ay da trd thanh ca si.

- He turned out to be my mother’s doctor.

Hod ra ong ay la bac si cua me toi.

Theo sau dong tii noi co the la tinh tu: hay trang tii

mo ta hoac dinh vi cho chu ngi3.

Vi du:

- She is very big.

Co ay rat beo.

- The building looks solid,

Tod nha trong rat vihig chac.

- The table is over here.

Cai ban d day.

Nhieu dong tit co the la ngoai dong tif hoac noi

dong tii tuy theo sU xuat hien cua tan ngfl hay khong.

Vi du:

- He draws.

9

DONG TUT TIENG ANH

Anh ay ve. (Noi dong tii)

- He draws a picture.

Anh ay ve mot biic tranh. (Ngoai dong tit)

Cac tii dien deu phan biet “vt” (verb transitive) hoac

“vi” (verb intransitive).

THI CUA DONG TLT

Thi la thdi gian ma dong tii do de cap tdi: thi hien

tai (present), thi qua khii (past), thi tUdng lai (future),...

Trong tieng Anh thi cua dong tii dUdc dien ta bang

nhieu loai cum dong tii, qua do cac trd dong tii se dUdc

ket hdp vdi mot trong nhiing hinh thiic cua dong tii. Do

do, van de chu yeu cua ngUdi hoc dong tii tieng Anh

khong phai chi la hoc thuoc long nhiing hinh thiic cua

dong tii. Quan trong la phai nam dUOc sii phiic tap cua

cum dong tii tieng Anh, vdi rat nhieu loai khac nhau.

10

THANH HA

THI HIEN TAI

THi HIEN TAI THtf&NG

1. Hinh thtfc

Trong cau khang dinh, thi hien tai co hai hinh

thiic: nguyen mau (base form) va ngoi thijt ba so it them

“s/es” (S-form). Hinh thiic nguyen mau diidc sU dung v6i

nhQng chu ngO “I I we I you / they'. Hinh thiic “S￾form” diidc dung v6i cac chu tii “he / she / it” hoac bat

cif cau true danh tii nao ma nhiing tii tren co the thav

the.

I I we I you / they + V (nguyen mau)

he / she / it + V- s /es

* Quy tac them “s/es” vao sau dong tii nguyen mau,

neu dong tii d ngoi thii ba so it:

- Neu V tan cung bang “o”, them “es”

Vi du:

to go: He goes (Anh ay di)

to do: He does (Anh ay lam)

- V tan cung bang “x, ss, sh, ch” thi them “es”

Vi du:

to fix: He fixes (Anh ay siia)

to cross: She crosses (Co ay di qua)

to brush: She brushes (Co ay chai)

to teach: She teaches (Co ay day h oc)

to watch: My little baby watches TV (difa be cua toi

xem TV)

- V tan cung bang “v” (difng sau mot phu am) triio'c

khi them “s” phai doi “y ” thanh “ie”.

Vi du:

to marry: He marries (Anh ta ci/di)

to study: He studies (Anh ta hoc)

11

DONG TUT TIENG ANH

nhUng trUdc y 1 a nguyen am thi giii nguyen y, roi

them s

to play: He plays (Anh ta chcfi)

* Cac cach phat am khi them “s/es” vao dong tii

nguyen mau: /iz/, Isl, hoac Izl

- Am cuoi phat am la Isl khi dong tii nguyen mau

ket thuc bang: I pi, Itl, Ikl, Ifl, / 6/.

Vi du:

stop stops

hit hits

cook cooks

- Am cuoi phat am la lizl khi dong tii nguyen mau ket

thuc bang: si, Izl, Ifl, /3/, /d3/, /tJ7.

Vi du:

miss misses

rise rises

wash washes

watch watches

judge judges

- Am cuoi phat am la Izl neu am cuoi cua dong tii

nguyen mau khong n&m trong hai nguyen tic tren.

Vi du:

lay lays

ride rides

ring rings

smell smells

2 . Cach su1 dung

a. D ien ta m ot sti viec, m ot hanh d on g th eo thoi

quen h oac lap di lap lai

Cac d on g tii ch i tan suat di kem : always, often,

usually, sometimes, every, regularly, rarely, ...

Vi du:

12

THANH HA

- I usually get up early.

Toi thiibng thtic day sdm.

- He goes out with his friend almost every Saturday

afternoon.

Anh ta di chcti vdi ban hau het cac chieu this bay.

- Tom always works hard.

Tom luon luon lam viec cham chi.

b. Dien ta mot stf that, mot chan ly, khong thay

doi

VI du:

- The sun rises in the East.

Mat trcti moc d dang Dong.

- The earth revolves around the sun.

Trai dat quay quanh mat trdi.

- Water boils at 100°C.

Niidc soi d 100°C.

c. Dien ta mot nhan dinh, tieu de, Idi hiidng dan.

Vi du:

- I bet you don’t know her.

Toi citcfc la ban khong biet cd ay.

- First you turn right.

Triidc tien ban phai re phai.

d. Dien ta lich lam viec, gid tau xe

Vi du:

- My school open at 7 o’clock everyday.

Triicfng toi md ciia luc 7 gid hang ngay.

- The bus goes every 10 minu es.

Cii 10 phut lai co 1 chuyen xe buyt.

e. Dien ta mot svC viec se dien ra trong ttfctng lai

- Cac pho tif thdi gian chi ttfdng lai di kem:

“tomorrow”, “next week”,... hoac trong menh de

trang nguf chi thdi gian: “when”, “as soon as”, “after”,

13

DONG TU TIENG ANH

“before”, “till”, “until”,...

Vi du:

- My new cataloge appears two week from today.

Ca-ta-lo cua toi se ra mat 2 tuan nila ke tii horn

nay.

- The film begins at 8:00.

Bo phim se bat dau luc 8:00

- My boy friend comes back from Ho Chi Minh City

tomorrow.

Ngay mai ban trai cua toi se trd ve tii thanh pho

Ho Chi Minh.

- I’ll come and see him before I leave for Ha Noi.

Toi se tdi va gap anh ay triidc khi toi rdi di Ha

Noi.

THI HIEN TAI TIEP DliN

1. Hinh thvfc

Quy tac chia cho tat ca cac ngoi cua chu ngii la

S + be + V-ing

I + am

we I you / they + are

he I she I it + is

Dong tu’ nguyen mltu dUOc them “m g” theo ouv the.

sau:

- Dong tii tan cung b^ng “e” (cam), bo “e” tru6c khi

them "ing".

Vi du:

to come coming

to save saving

14

THANH HA

to take taking

to have having

to change changing

nhUng:

to be being

to see seeing

- Dong tu: tan cung bang tie’/ trufdc khi them “mg”

phai doi “ie” thanh “3/”

VI du:

to lie lying

to die dying

to tie tying

- Dong tii tan cung bang mot mot nguyeruam va

mot phoaJim, trU6c khi them “m g” phai gap doi phu am

cuoi.

Vi du:

to cut cutting

to stop stopping

to put putting

nhUng:

to book booking

to watch watching

2. Cach suf dung

a. D ien ta m ot h a n h d on g d a n g dien ra tai thdi

diem noi.

Vi du:

- We are doing an English test.

Chung toi dang lam Bai kiem tra tieng Anh.

- I am learning French.

Toi dang hoc tieng Phap.

- The boy is playing football.

Cau he dang chcti da bong.

15

po n g t it h e n b a n h __■------------------------ --------

- It is heavily raining now.

Luc nay trdi dang miia rat to.

- My mother is cooking.

Me toi dang nau an.

b. Diin ta nhiing hanh dong ditc/c lap lai hoac co

tinh chat tam thdi.

Vi du:

- Are you playing tennis?

Ban van chcti quan v&t chit.

- My bike has broken down, so I am walking to

school these days.

Xe dap cua toi bi hong, vi vay nhitng ngay nay toi

phai di bo di hoc.

c. Dien ta mot thdi quen xau (bad habits),

thitbng di vdi cac trang tit “constantly”,

“continually”, “forever”.

Vi du:

- My friend is continually saying that he is tired

and bored.

Ban toi lien tuc noi rang anh ay met moi va chan

chitting.

- My mother is always complaining about my

cooking.

Me toi luon phan nan ve chuyen nau nit&ng cua

toi.

d. Dien ta mot sit thay doi va phat trien.

Vi du:

- It’s getting dark.

Trdi toi dan.

- Mrs Brown is getting thinner and thinner.

Ba Brown cang ngay cang gay.

e. Dien ta mot si/ viec chac chan xay ra trong

titong lai.

16

THANH HA

Vi du:

- I am graduating next week.

Tdi se tot nghiep vdo tuan tdi.

- We are going to Ho Chi Minh city tomorrow.

Chung toi se den thanh pho Ho Chi Minh vdo ngay

mai.

- She is opening her fashion shop next Monday.

Co ay se khai tritcfng ciCa hang thdi trang vdo thU

hai tuan tdi.

C hu y: Mot so dong tii khong sU dung dUOc 0 dang

tiep dien.

- Dong tii chi tinh cam, cam xuc\ want, need, desire,

refuse, forgive, wish, love, hate, adore, like, dislike.

- Dong til chi cac hoat dong cua cac giac quan, suy

nghi, y niem: see, hear, smell, notice, recognize,

remember, forget, know, understand, recall, recollect,

believe, feel, think.

- Dong tit chi quyen sd hiCu: own, possess, belong,

owe.

- Dong tijf “to be” (thi, la); to have (co).

Ngoai le:

* “to see” dung dang -ing v6i nghia: “hen gap,

tham”...

Vi du:

- I am seeing the sights of London.

Tdi dang di thdm nhiCng cdnh dep cua Ludn don.

- He is seeing me tonight.

Anh ay se gap toi vdo tdi nay.

* “to feel” dung dang -ing v6i nghia: “cam thay”

(khoe, met,...)

- I’m feeling tired today,_____________ ____

[ DAI HOC THAI NGUYEN ]