Động từ bất quy tắc và những điều cần yếu trong văn phạm tiếng Anh

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I

UNH GIANG

L IN H G IAN G

DONG t u b a t q u i t a c

v a n hOn g dieu c a n yeu

TRONG VAN PHAM TIENG ANH

□ 315 dong tu bat qui tac

□ 9 tu loai ca ban trong tifi'ng Anh

□ Cau va m£nh

NHA XUAT BAN TONG HOP THANH PHO HO CHI MINH

LOI NOI DAU

De viec hoc tieng A N H co can ban virng chac,

ngoai viec nang thuc hanh cac dang cau thong dung,

chung ta con can phai quan tam den phan n gu phap.

V'i do la cai goc de nam vCrng tu cau true den cach van

dung cac tu loai trong tieng Anh.

Chung toi m ong rang phan tom luge cac dieu can

yeu trong van pham tieng Anh se giup ich duqc phan

n 'ao cho cac ban hieu hoc.

Chung toi da chat loc cac phan n g u phap tieng

Anh that cot loi de cac ban doc chi voi it thoi gib cung

co the nam bat duqc mot so dieu can ban ban dau. lam

nen tang cho viec nghien cuu sau hon ve sau.

Xin chuc cac ban tien bo nhieu trong qua trinh hoc

tap tieng Anh

He 1996

S oan g ia

MUC LUC • •

1- B&ng tOf b&'t qui tac 5

(irregular verbs)

2- Danh tCr 21

3- Mao tuf (articles) 25

4- Dai tii (pronouns) 29

5- Ti'nh tii (adjectives) 36

6- Pho tii / trang tvr (adverbs) 48

7- Gidi tii (prepositions) 54

8- Lien tii (conjunctions) 70

9- Than tii (interjection and c'xdamatioii) 79

10- B&ng tii (verbs) 82

11- Cau va m£nh de (sentences and clauses) 130

4

PHAN I

D O N G TU* B A T Q U I T A C ( I R R E G U L A R

VERBS)

Infinitive Past tense Past participle Meaning

u Abide abode/abided abode/abided d; ltfu trti;

chju dung

2 arise arose arisen noi len;

phat sinh

3 awake awoke awoken /

awaked

danh thifc;

thiic day

B4 backbite backbit backbit/

backbitten

n6i x&'u;

giem pha

5 backslide backslid backslid/

backslidden

tai pham;

sa sut

6 be — was/were been la; thi; bj; d

7 bear bore born/borne mang; chju;

sinh ra

8 beat beat beaten danh; d&p

9 become became become troi nfen;

trd thanh

10 befall befell befallen xay d6'n; xay ra

5

beget * begot/begat begotten xay ra; gfiy

begin. ' began begun bit d&u, khcfi si

behold beheld beheld ngam nhin; xem

bepd bent bent/bended be cong;

nghi&ng; cui

bereave bereaved/ bereaved/ cudp doat

bereft bereft

beseech besought/ besought/ n&i ni; van xin

beseeched beseeched

beset• beset beset bao vfty;

bao quanh

bespeak bespoke bespoken/

bespoke d$n, chifng to

bestride, bestrode bestridden dtlng d?ng chAn

bet bet/betted bet/betted danh cd,

danh cuOc

betake. betook betaken di den;

dUin than

bethink. bethought bethought nhd lai,

ngam nghi

bid bid bid tra gia

bade bidden bao; ra l$nh

bide. bode/bided bided ddi; chd

•

(dip may)

bind. bound bound troi; bupc; bang

bite bit bit/bitten c4n; chich; ngoar

bleed bled bled chay mau

blend. blended'blent blended/blent trdn chung;

hoa lai '

bless i blessed falest blessed,'blest ban phudc lanh

10 b io w * ^ blew blown th£i (gi6)

>1

1

b r e a k . _ broke broken v3; d$p b£;

be gay

12 breed t

■ J 1 :

bred bred nuOi; sinh

san (thu)

)3 bring „ brought brought mang dfe'n;

dem lai

34 broadcast. broadcast/

broadcasted

broadcast/

broadcasted

ph6t/truyfen thai

35 browbeat. browbeat browbeaten dpa nat, fin hi£]

36 build ' built built x&y dung;

x$y c&t

37 burn burnt/ burned burnt/burned dfi't chay;

thi&u huy

38 burst burst burst n6 tung, x6ng v

39 bust » -BGst bust phi tan

40 buy bought bought mua

C 41 cast cast cast nem; thay; due

42 catch caught caught bAt; chyp; kjp '

43 chide chid chid/chidden r&y; quof; m&n

44 choose chose chosen chpn;lua

45 cleave clove/cleft cloven/cleft bua; che; iAch

clave cleaved dinh chat

46 cling clung clung bam ch$t; niu

47 clothe clothed/clac clothed/clad m$c (ao, quai

48 come came 3 come den; di d&’n

49 cost cost ■ cost gia la; trj gia

50 countersink couhtersank countersunk

1

khoet loe mi£

II

51

52

53

creep i

crow ..

cut

crept

crowed/

crew (cu)

cut

crept

crowed

cut

b6; t rtf tin

g£y (g&)

c&t, ch$t; ch6m

x6n; hdt

D54 dare dared/durst dared dim; ca gan;

thdch

55 deal dealt dealt giao thigp;

bufln ban

56 dig dug/digged dug/digged d&o, xdi

57 dive dove/dived dived l$n

58 do did — done Him

59 draw drew drawn ve; keo; \&y ra

60 dream dreamed/

dreamt

dreamed/

dreamt

md; mQng;

chi&m bao

61 drink drank — drunk/Sftinken uffng

62 drive drove _ driven Mi ze; ttfng di

63 dwell dwelt dwelt d; tni; ngu

E 64 eat ate - eaten an; &n mon

F 65 fall fell fallen t£; nga; rdt; rdi

66 feed fed fed cho an; nufli

67 feel felt felt cam th£y

68 fight fought fought chi£n d£u

69 find found found tim tha'y;

tim duqc

70 flee fled fled trtfn; chudn;

tiu thoat

8

n

12

ft

J3

'74

75

76

77

78

'79

80

81

82

83

84

85

G

87

88

89

90

91

92

93

I

fling flung flung

floodlight floodlit/ floodlit/

floodlighted floodlighted

fly _ flew , flown

forbear forbore forborne

forbid forbade/forbad forbidden

forecast forecast/ forecast/

forecasted forecasted

forego forewent foregone

foreknow foreknew foreknown

foresee foresaw foreseen

foretell foretold foretold

forget forgot forgotten

forgive forgave forgiven

forsake forsook forsaken

forswear forswore forsworn

freeze froze frozen

gainsay gainsaid gainsaid

get got — got/gotten

gild gilded/gilt (cu! gilded/gilt (cu)

gird girded/girt girded/girt

give ^ gave - given

go \ went _ gone

grave graved graven/graved

grind ground ground

94 grow grew grown mpc ten; W* l®l

trtng; trcf n6n

H 95 hamstring hamstringed/

hamstrung

hamstringed/

hamstrung

c£t gftn cho qui

96 hang hung/hanged hung/hanged m6c 16n; treo

97 have had had c6

98 hear heard heard nghe

99 heave heaved/hove heaved/hove tryc ten; nhffc 16

100 hew hewed hewed/hewn ch$t; dd'n

101 hide ' hid hidden/hid gififu; trSn; che

102 hit hit hit dung; d$p; ddnh

thoi; d£m

103 hold held held dim; nSm; di/ng

104 hurt hurt hurt lam dau;

t/Sn thtfdng

I 105 inlay inlaid inlaid cskn; kham

(xa crCf; 6c)

106 input input input dtfa vao

(may difen todn)

107 inset inset inset dat; ghep

108 interweave

-

interwove

.

interwoven det xen nhau

K 10S keep kept kept gia

110 ken kent/kenned kenned hieu bife't

111 kneel knelt

kneeled (My)

knelt

kneeled

cjfty goi

112 knit knit/knitted knit/knitted dan

113 know knew kncwn biet; quen biet

10

L 114 lade

tr . i 1

laded

i)*'■

laden chaft/chd

(hang hoa)

115 lay laid

I •

laid dat xud'ng;

d i xuS'ngde trtfn

(go; chim)

116 lead led led dan d£t

117 lean leant/

leaned

- leant /

leaned

nghieng; dtfa val

118 leap leapt leapt nhay; nhay qua

119 learn learnt/learned learnt/learned hpc; dtf<?c bi6't

120 leave left _ left ra di; d§' lai;

bo quen

121 lend lent lent cho m\XQn

122 let let let cho phep; d^ ch

123 lie lay lain nSm/nghi

124 light lighted/lit lighted/lit thSp sang

125 lose lost lost lam mat;

danh mat

M 126 make made made lam; che tao

127 mean meant meant co nghia la;

muon noi la

128 meet met met gap gd; di don

129 melt melted melted lam tan ra;

chay ra

130 miscast miscast miscast phan vai sai

131 misdeal misdealt misdealt chia (bail Ion

132 mishear misheard misheard nghe lam

133 mishit mishit mishit danh hong (ban

134 misgive misgave misgiven lam hoang man

1]

135 mislay mislaid mislaid l&m Ifc mtft

136 mislead misled misled dAn Am dating;

din di l?c

137 misread misread misread dpc sai

138 misspell misspelt

mispelled

misspelt

mispelled

vie't sai chAnh t

139 misspend misspent misspent tieu phi

140 mistake mistook _ _ mistaken ph$m I6i

141 misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood hieu fAm

142 mow mowed mown cat co

O 143 outbid outbid /

outbade

outbid/

outbidden

tra hdn giA

144 outdo outdid outdone lam gidi hdn

145 outfight outfought outfought danh hay hdn

146 outgo outwent outgone di trtfdc; vuptho

147 outgrow outgrew outgrown ldn nhanh hdn

148 output output/

outputted

output/

outputted

cho ra (dit kUn)

149 outride outrode outridden vug t qua dtf^Cj

cudi ngu a mau hdJ

150 outrun outran outrun chay nhanh hdn

151 outsell outsold outsold ban nhanh hdn

152 outshine outshone outshone chi£u sang hdn

153 outspread outspread outspread trai ra; gitfdng ra

154 outwear outwore outworn htf mon;

lam ki$t stfc

155 overbid overbid overbid tra cao hdn

156 overbear overbore overborne £p dao; dAn dp

12

. I f ! 1 * * i

.57

ii

overcast

ft0! ‘

overcast

.58 overcome overcame

iL 59 overdo overdid

160 overdraw overdrew

161 overeat overate

162 overfeed overfed

163 overfly overflew

164 overgrowr]^ overgrew

165 overhang overhung

166 overhear overheard

167 overlay overlaid

168 overleap overleapt

/overleaped

169 overlie overlay

170 overpay overpaid

171 override overrode

172 overrun overran

173 oversee oversaw

174 overset overset

175 overshoot overshot

overcast lam mfJ di;

may vat

overcome khSc phuc;

vU(?t qua

overdone Him thdi qud;

qua trdn

overdrawn rut 16 tfen;

cUdng di§u

overeaten &n qua dQ

overfed cho fin qui mifc

overflown bay qua

overgrown ldn qua nhanh

overhung nhd ra b6n tr§n

overheard nghe trQm

overlaid phu len; bao triini

overleapt

/overleaped

nhay qua

overlain dat nkm tr£n;

phu len

overpaid tra 16' tifen

overridden gat bo; cU3i

ngita din kiet si/i ,

overrun tran ngSp;

chay vUdt qua

overseen quan sat; Giam

thj; trong nom

r

overset lat do; lam

dao Ion

overshot di qua dich

13