Developments in maritime transportation and exploitation of sea resources : Volume 1

Developments in Maritime Transportation

and Exploitation of Sea Resources

volume 1

and Exploitation of Sea Resources

Developments in Maritime Transportation

Editors:

C. Guedes Soares

F. López Peña

Editors

Guedes Soares

López Peña

Developments in Maritime Transportation and Exploitation of Sea Resources

covers recent developments in maritime transportation and exploitation of sea

resources, encompassing ocean and coastal areas. The book brings together a

selection of papers reflecting fundamental areas of recent research and development

in the fields of:

– Ship Hydrodynamics

– Marine Structures

– Ship Design

– Shipyard Technology

– Ship Machinery

– Maritime Transportation, and

– Safety and Reliability

Issues such as the Environment, Renewable Energy, Wave and Wind Modelling,

Coastal Engineering, Fisheries and Legal Maritime Aspects are also addressed.

Developments in Maritime Transportation and Exploitation of Sea Resources

is intended for academics and professionals involved in the development of marine

transportation and the exploitation of sea resources.

an informa business

volume 1

Guedes Soares COVERvol1 FINAL.indd 1 05-09-13 12:58

DEVELOPMENTS IN MARITIME TRANSPORTATION AND EXPLOITATION

OF SEA RESOURCES

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PROCEEDINGS OF IMAM 2013, 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF THE INTERNATIONAL

MARITIME ASSOCIATION OF THE MEDITERRANEAN (IMAM), A CORUÑA, SPAIN, 14–17

OCTOBER 2013

Developments in Maritime

Transportation and Exploitation

of Sea Resources

Editors

C. Guedes Soares

Instituto Superior Tecnico, Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal

F. López Peña

University of A Coruña, Spain

VOLUME 1

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CRC Press/Balkema is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

© 2014 Taylor & Francis Group, London, UK

Typeset by V Publishing Solutions Pvt Ltd., Chennai, India

Printed and bound in Great Britain by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR0 4YY.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication or the information contained herein may be reproduced,

stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, by pho￾tocopying, recording or otherwise, without written prior permission from the publisher.

Although all care is taken to ensure integrity and the quality of this publication and the information

herein, no responsibility is assumed by the publishers nor the author for any damage to the property or

persons as a result of operation or use of this publication and/or the information contained herein.

Published by: CRC Press/Balkema

P.O. Box 11320, 2301 EH Leiden, The Netherlands

e-mail: [email protected]

www.crcpress.com – www.taylorandfrancis.com

ISBN: 978-1-138-00124-4 (set of 2 volumes + CD-ROM)

ISBN: 978-1-138-00161-9 (Vol 1)

ISBN: 978-1-138-00162-6 (Vol 2)

ISBN: 978-1-4822-3300-1 (eBook PDF)

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v

Developments in Maritime Transportation and Exploitation of Sea Resources –

Guedes Soares & López Peña (eds)

© 2014 Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-1-138-00124-4

Table of contents

Preface xiii

Organisation xv

VOLUME 1

Resistance and propulsion

A boundary element method for the hydrodynamic analysis of flapping-foil thrusters

operating beneath the free surface and in waves 3

E.S. Filippas & K.A. Belibassakis

Ship wake scaling and effect on propeller performances 13

S. Gaggero, D. Villa, M. Viviani & E. Rizzuto

Experimental investigation of the trim influence on the resistance characteristics of

five ship models 23

M.N. Iakovatos, D.E. Liarokapis & G.D. Tzabiras

Analysis of the free surface turbulent flow around a forward moving Wigley hull

with OpenFOAM 33

F. Inok, A. Lavrov & C. Guedes Soares

Hydrodynamic optimization of the bulbous bow shape 41

D. Matulja & R. Dejhalla

Investigation of various parameters affecting the resistance characteristics of two catamaran

cargo ships 49

G. Pallas, K. Nikas, S.P. Polyzos, G.D. Tzabiras & G.N. Zaraphonitis

A new concept of a vertical axis propeller 59

P. Pasetto, L. Barnabà, M.M. Bracco & I. Zotti

A contribution to appendage drag extrapolation using computational tools 67

A.O. Remolà, L. Pérez-Rojas & F.P. Arribas

Resistance reduction of a model with deeply submerged transom 73

G. Tzabiras & A. Laskari

Seakeeping and manoeuvring

First principles applied to submersible maneuvering 85

H. Brinati, M. de Conti, M. Szajnbok & V. Domiciano

Integration of seakeeping and powering computational techniques with meteo-marine

forecasting data for in-service ship energy assessment 93

A. Coraddu, M. Figari, S. Savio, D. Villa & A. Orlandi

Manoeuvrability and course stability of the kite towed ship under influence

of the external factors 103

V.N. Grosan & E. Barsan

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Twin-deck Ro-Ro/Pax ship seakeeping optimization by the motion sickness incidence 109

A. Scamardella & V. Piscopo

The overall motion induced interruptions in seakeeping optimization analysis 119

A. Scamardella & V. Piscopo

Experimental investigations of roll damping of the C11 containership for the prediction

of parametric rolling in regular waves 127

A. Turk, J. Prpić-Oršić, S.R. Silva & C. Guedes Soares

A high level architecture framework for real-time simulation of ship towing operations in

virtual environments 135

J.M. Varela & C. Guedes Soares

Hull optimization of semisubmersible with multidirectional seakeeping criteria evaluated with

neural network response surface 147

R.Z. Venzon, T.P. Tancredi & B.L.R. de Andrade

Comparison of simplified approaches and numerical tools to predict the loads on bottom

slamming of ship structures 157

S. Wang & C. Guedes Soares

Fluid flows

Performance study of an anti-sloshing floating device for membrane-type LNG tanks 171

M. Arai, R. Suzuki, T. Ando & N. Kishimoto

Analysis of complex fluid flow test cases with OpenFOAM 183

F. Inok, A. Lavrov & C. Guedes Soares

Experimental investigation of bi-stability in a vertically excited rectangular tank with

finite liquid depth 191

N. Kaloumenos, A. Grammatikopoulos, C.C. Spandonidis & K.J. Spyrou

Numerical study on hydroelastic water entry of a wedge 199

S. Wang & C. Guedes Soares

Ship operation

Stability problems arising from fire-fighting measures for Ro-Ro ship:

Simulation model and possible actions to improve the drainage system 209

M. Acanfora & T. Coppola

Ship stability in wave: A proposal method for dynamic behaviour evaluation 217

M. Acanfora, T. Coppola & F. De Luca

Hydrodynamic aspects of a side-by-side LNG-transfer concept 223

G.F. Clauss, D. Testa, M. Dudek & S. Stuppe

The prediction of the interceptor performances based on towing tank test data:

Ship-model correlation and hull form influence 231

F. De Luca & C. Pensa

Experimental investigation of a BOC-50 sailing yacht model in regular and random

head waves 239

G. Papantonatos, D.E. Liarokapis, K.N. Sfakianaki, J. Trahanas & G. Grigoropoulos

The influence of heel on the performance of a sailing boat 245

K.N. Sfakianaki, V.G. Priftis & G.D. Tzabiras

Gap distance analysis of floating structures in tandem arrangement 255

C.L. Siow, J. Koto, H. Abyn & A. Maimum

Ship performances and consumption: Analysis for a RO-RO passenger ship 265

G. Stranieri, A. Bracco, P. Gualeni, L. Sebastiani & S. Qualich

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Operability analysis of a high speed car/passenger ferry 273

T. Tezdogan, Y.K. Demirel, G. Mortola, A. Incecik, O. Turan & H. Khalid

Marine structures

Ship side damage due to collision with icebergs 285

N. Addario, E. Rizzuto & A. Prestileo

Optimal structural design of small ships with response surface 297

V.T. Chaves, T.P. Tancredi & B.L.R. de Andrade

Numerical analysis of the effects of weld parameters on distortions and residual stresses

in butt welded steel plates 309

B.-Q. Chen, M. Hashemzadeh & C. Guedes Soares

Residual stresses relaxation of welded structures under alternate loading 321

J.M. Gordo

Comparison between different heat sources types in thin-plate welding simulation 329

M. Hashemzadeh, B.-Q. Chen & C. Guedes Soares

The influence of core material on strength properties of hybrid sandwich panels 337

J. Kozak & K. Niklas

An approach to estimate the ship longitudinal strength using numerical databases of

stress-strain curves of stiffened panels 343

S.H. Makouei, A.P. Teixeira & C. Guedes Soares

Fatigue analysis of off-shore wellheads during drilling operations carried out from

semi-submersible units 353

F. Oppicini, E. Rizzuto & M. Russo

Reduction of the ultimate strength due to crack propagation in damaged

ship structure 365

B.B. Primorac & J. Parunov

Ultimate strength assessment of steel plates with a large opening 373

S. Saad-Eldeen, Y. Garbatov & C. Guedes Soares

Restoring stiffness formulations and their influence on ship hydroelastic response 381

I. Senjanović, N. Hadžić, N. Vladimir & M. Tomić

Ultimate strength of a plate accounting for shakedown effect and corrosion

degradation 395

M. Tekgoz, Y. Garbatov & C. Guedes Soares

Analysis of collisions between tugs and tankers 405

R. Villavicencio & C. Guedes Soares

Fatigue damage analysis of a fixed offshore wind turbine supporting structure 415

B. Yeter, Y. Garbatov & C. Guedes Soares

Spectral fatigue assessment of an offshore wind turbine structure under wave

and wind loading 425

B. Yeter, Y. Garbatov & C. Guedes Soares

Thermal stability of epoxies for recreational crafts 435

S. Zaragoza, A. Álvarez, J. Tarrío-Saavedra, B. Álvarez, S. Naya & S. Gómez

Ship design

Integration of human factors into the ship design process 443

P. Antão, A.P. Teixeira & C. Guedes Soares

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Basic designing principles of dry-cargo vessels and tankers constructions

of river-sea going type 453

G.V. Egorov

Optimization of hull form for “Volgo-Don max” class river-sea vessels 465

G.V. Egorov, I.A. Ilnitskiy, V.I. Tonyuk, B.N. Stankov & S.N. Baskakov

Multi-objective optimization of container ship design 477

G. Koutroukis, A. Papanikolaou, L. Nikolopoulos, P. Sames & M. Köpke

Synthesis and optimization of oceanographic ship design 491

D.S. Oliveira, F.M. Passos, G.M. Karuka & T.P. Tancredi

Simulation of loading/discharging procedure of tankers 501

T. Plessas, A. Papanikolaou, M. Pytharoulis, E. Boulougouris & N. Adamopoulos

An evolutionary framework for the automatic design and optimization

of AHTS vessels 511

P.C. Sobrino, M.M. González, C.G. Lamas & V.D. Casás

Multiobjective optimization of tugboats 519

T.P. Tancredi & B.L.R. Andrade

Ship dimensioning in the initial design 531

M. Ventura

Shipyard technology

Efficiency analysis of quality assurance methods applied at shipyard pipe

production process 543

T. Buksa, D. Pavletic & M. Forempoher-Skuver

Conceptual design of shipyard for seagoing ships on the river Danube 551

B. Ljubenkov & K. Žiha

On the productivity of shipyards when adopting group technology concept 557

M.A. Mosaad, R.R. Abdelghany & A.D. Sayed

The production management of the Brazilian shipyards, with the national fleet

renewal program 565

D.A. Moura & R.C. Botter

Ship machinery

Simulation study on the interaction between sailing and motor propulsion to optimize

performance and control of the tall ship “Amerigo Vespucci” 575

M. Altosole, M. Figari, M. Martelli, L. Passano, M. Rocca, M. Giuliano & L. Piva

Developing an analytical model for a marine diesel engine test stand 583

H.Ü. Başaran

Simulation model of a methane-fuelled four stroke marine engine for studies on low

emission propulsion systems 591

G. Benvenuto, M. Laviola & U. Campora

Improvement of exhaust gas heat recovery from marine diesel engines 599

G. Benvenuto, A. Trucco & U. Campora

Carbon capture and storage—solidification and storage of CO2 captured on ships 609

H. Wang & P. Zhou

Author index 619

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VOLUME 2

Maritime transportation

Assessing the impact of marine terminal gate operational and infrastructure improvements 625

A. Anagnostopoulou, E. Sdoukopoulos & M. Boile

Document management tool for the maintenance of vessels 635

A.M. Doce, P.C. Sobrino, A.M. Casdelo & A.M. López

Conceptualizing seaports as institutional and operational clusters on a contextual basis 645

K. Ibrahimi

Conceptualizing seaports firms and functions as operational and institutional interrelations:

The Gov-Ad-Man approach 657

K. Ibrahimi

A study on the Eco-Shipping support system for keeping regularity of ship’s schedule 667

T. Kano & T. Seta

Modelling the dynamic routing of containers in the global trade 675

A.G. Novaes, N. Maculan, M.A.C. Netto & A.E. Rezende

Technical efficiency and productivity in ship operation 685

F. Pires Jr., I.R. Azevedo, L.F. Assis & C.B. Vieira

Application of set partition based fleet scheduling system to Japanese coastal oil tanker fleet 691

T. Seta & T. Kano

Safety and reliability

Safety assessment of maritime transport—Bayesian risk-based approach in different fields

of maritime transport 699

T. Abramowicz-Gerigk & Z. Burciu

Computer based program for fitting cargo area foam fixed fire-fighting equipment on

chemical tankers 705

N. Acomi & O.C. Acomi

Analysis of the relative importance of ultimate limit state variables in the reliability

analysis of tankers and bulk carriers 711

A.W. Hussein & C. Guedes Soares

Tracking of ships navigation in the Strait of Malacca using automatic identification system 721

J. Koto, M. Rashidi & A. Maimum

NCAGS a tool for protection of maritime traffic 727

E. Madariaga, L. Sánchez, C.A. Pérez-Labajos, A. Ortega, B. Blanco & J.M. Oria

Reliability analysis of a corroded double hull Aframax tanker ship for hull girder and

deck panel limit states 735

S.H. Makouei, A.P. Teixeira & C. Guedes Soares

Safety and operability of small fishing vessels: Study of a series of stability-related accidents 747

F. Mata-Álvarez-Santullano & A. Souto-Iglesias

Improving security through visibility in intermodal transports 755

R. Müller, G. Gräf, N. Meyer-Larsen & L. Maier

An introduction to the estimation of the Reliability, Availability and Maintainability

of a submarine using Monte Carlo simulation 761

S. Naya, R. Cao, A. Jácome, I. López-de-Ullibarri, M. Oliveira & S. Muñoz

Probabilistic analysis of damage stability of ships based on metamodels 769

L. Naydenov & P. Georgiev

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Validation and verification of modified DRM with respect to its application

in the reliability based design approach 779

K. Piric, S. Kitarovic & V. Zanic

The use of consequence analysis tools in fire-safety design of Nile-floating hotels 789

A.M. Salem, E.M. Dabess, A.A. Banawan & H.W. Leheta

Towards risk—based fire safety assessment of passenger ships 797

K.J. Spyrou, N. Themelis & N. Nikolaou

Usage of the propulsion system of a ship in order to safely refloat her 805

A. Varsami & E. Barsan

Marine environment

Exhaust smoke dispersion for a generic frigate: Computational modeling and comparisons

with experiments 811

E. Dobrucal & S. Ergin

Environmental status of the North-Eastern Baltic Sea: The results of long-term monitoring

of organochlorine compounds 819

L. Järv, M. Simm, T. Raid, L. Parts & A. Järvik

Modelling of oil spill impacts on shoreline in Egypt 825

A.K. Mehanna, M.Y. Omar, A.A. Hassan, E.A. Turki, E.H. Hegazy & H. Elkilani

Monitoring the quality of air in the port of Naples 835

F. Murena, M.V. Prati & F. Quaranta

Oil spill risk assessment (case study) 841

M.Y. Omar, A.A. Hassan, M.A. Algthami & E.H. Hegazy

Numerical simulations of ship resistance in model ice 847

T. Tomac, A. Klanac, M. Katalinić, S. Ehlers, R. von Bock und Polach,

M. Suominen & J. Montewka

A case study for oil spillage in Greek waters: Results based on simulation 853

N.P. Ventikos

Renewable energy

Numerical simulation of a horizontal axis tidal turbine with a pre-swirl stator 863

I. Amin & Q. Xiao

Numerical simulation of steady and unsteady current velocity of a vertical axis marine turbine 871

I. Amin & Q. Xiao

Efficiency assessments for different WEC types in the Canary Islands 879

O.M. Andrés, F.C. Ruiz & L. Rusu

Motion responses of a semi-submersible floating wind turbine in irregular waves 889

M. Asghari & N. Fonseca

Vessel charter rate estimation for offshore wind O&M activities 899

Y. Dalgic, I. Lazakis & O. Turan

Characterization of different typologies of floating platforms for offshore wind turbines 909

S. Ferreño-González, L. Castro-Santos, V. Díaz-Casás & J.A. Fraguela-Formoso

Reliability based design loads of an offshore semi-submersible floating wind turbine 919

D. Karmakar & C. Guedes Soares

Analysis of logistics concepts for a cost-efficient installation of offshore wind farms 927

K. Lange, H.-D. Haasis & H. Schuett

On the assessment of extreme forces on a floating spar wind turbine 933

V. Nava, C. Guedes Soares & F. Arena

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Offshore wind farms: Potential and applicability in the Southern Marmara Region, Turkey 943

E. Oguz, M.A. Akgul & A. Incecik

Numerical study of a large floating oscillating water column device using a 2D boundary

element method 951

K. Rezanejad & C. Guedes Soares

Efficiency assessment for different WEC types operating in the

Portuguese coastal environment 961

E. Rusu, D. Silva & C. Guedes Soares

Wave & wind modelling

Sheltering effect of islands on the Pacific swell 973

J.F. Humeniuk, S.P. de León, N. Violante-Carvalho, L.M. de Carvalho & C. Guedes Soares

Modelling the effect of wave current interaction at the mouth of the Danube river 979

E. Rusu & C. Guedes Soares

Forecasting containership responses in the Azores Archipelago 987

L. Rusu & C. Guedes Soares

Assessing the offshore wind energy potential along the coasts of Portugal and Galicia 995

N. Salvação, M. Bernardino & C. Guedes Soares

Assessment of the mean wave energy potential of the Atlantic European coast using

numerical models 1003

C. Guedes Soares, A.R. Bento, M. Gonçalves, D. Silva & P. Martinho

Evaluation of the wave power potential in the northwestern side of the Iberian nearshore 1011

A.M. Vaquero, F.C. Ruiz & E. Rusu

Assessment of off-shore wave energy in the Black Sea on the basis of long-term wave hindcast 1021

N.N. Valchev, N.K. Andreeva & N.N. Valcheva

Wind sea and swell waves in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean 1029

R. Vettor, A. Semedo, C. Guedes Soares, Ø. Breivik, A. Sterl & M. Reistad

Coastal engineering

Transformation of wave conditions in nearshore and coastal areas by a 3D coupled-mode

wave model 1039

K.A. Belibassakis, G.A. Athanassoulis, Th.P. Gerostathis & V. Katsardi

Wave propagation against current: A study of the effects of vertical shears of the mean current

on the geometrical focusing of water waves 1047

J. Charland, J. Touboul & V. Rey

Modelling the effect of obstacles on the 2D wave propagation with OpenFOAM 1057

J.F.M. Gadelho, A. Lavrov & C. Guedes Soares

Fisheries

Reducing by-catch in Portuguese trawl fisheries with a view on a future discard-ban at

EU level—a technological approach 1069

A. Campos, P. Fonseca, V. Henriques & J. Parente

Design and retrofit of the propulsion of trawlers to improve their efficiency 1075

J.-M. Laurens, J.-B. Leroux & S. Coache

Propulsion system improvement for trawlers 1085

E. Notti & A. Sala

Managing the spatial and temporal pattern of Baltic herring trawl fishery:

A potential tool for sustainable resource management? 1091

T. Raid, L. Järv, A. Hallang, H. Shpilev, O. Kaljuste & A. Järvik

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Legal aspects

Aspects concerning the social assistance in seamen repatriation situations 1101

C. Anechitoae, G. Serban, A.L. Pandele & F. Brasoveanu

Seamen welfare at sea and in ports—social assistance issues 1105

C. Anechitoae, G. Serban, A.L. Pandele & F. Brasoveanu

Safety and legal aspects related to ship registration system 1109

K. Lapa, E. Xhelilaj & P. Cacaj

Author index 1117

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Developments in Maritime Transportation and Exploitation of Sea Resources –

Guedes Soares & López Peña (eds)

© 2014 Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-1-138-00124-4

Preface

This book presents the proceedings of the 15th International Maritime Association of the Mediterranean

Congress held in A Coruña, Spain between 14 and 17 October 2013, under the theme Developments in

Maritime Transportation and Exploitation of Sea Resources.

The International Congress of International Maritime Association of the Mediterranean has a 35-year

history since the first Congress of the International Maritime Association of East Mediterranean (IMAEM)

held in Istanbul in 1978. It is a voluntary organization that was initially established in 1974 by institutions

originating from Bulgaria, Egypt, Greece, Italy, Yugoslavia and Turkey, and was progressively enlarged to

other Mediterranean countries and neighbouring regions.

The IMAEM Congresses were held every 3 years:

1st IMAEM Congresses was held in Istanbul in 1978,

2nd IMAEM Congresses was held in Trieste, Italy in 1981,

3rd IMAEM Congresses was held in Athens, Greece in 1984,

4th IMAEM Congresses was held in Varna, Bulgaria in 1987

5th IMAEM Congresses was held in Athens, Greece in 1990.

After 1990, the name of the association, and of the Congresses, became the International Maritime

Association of the Mediterranean (IMAM). It has remained constant, being an association of academic

and professional institutions that aim to contribute to the efficient, economic and safe operation of ships,

offshore and coastal structures and port infrastructures in order to promote the advancement of the use

of the seas and coastal waters for a sustainable development of the societies.

The following Congresses were:

6th IMAM Congress was held in Varna, Bulgaria, in 1993

7th IMAM Congress was held in Dubrovnik, Croatia, in 1995

8th IMAM Congress was held in Istanbul, Turkey, 1997

9th IMAM Congress was held in Ischia, Italy, 2000

10th IMAM Congress was held in Crete, Greece, 2002

11th IMAM Congress was held in Lisbon, Portugal, 2005

12th IMAM Congress was held in Varna, Bulgaria, 2007

13th IMAM Congress was held in Istanbul, Turkey, 2009

14th IMAM Congress was held in Genova, Italy, 2011

This year it is the first time that the Congress is organized in Spain and for a variety of reasons the

decision on the final location took a while to be made. In view of the circumstances, it was decided to

share the responsibility of the organization between the University of A Coruña and Instituto Superior

Técnico, with the first one taking the responsibility of the conference organization and the second the

paper evaluation and processing.

The Congress is addressed to individuals from industry, research organizations, universities, gov￾ernment agencies, certifying authorities as well as designers, operators and owners who contribute to

improved knowledge about the marine environment, ship and offshore design, building and maintenance

technology, maritime transportation and port operation and exploitation, offshore oil and gas exploita￾tion, nautical activities and marinas, fisheries and aquaculture, maritime safety and protection of the

environment.

The Congress deals with aspects of theoretical and experimental research, design, production, oper￾ation and maintenance, including the economic impact of those activities. Most of the technological

developments addressing ships or other maritime infrastructures have impact in either the maritime trans￾portation or the exploitation of the resources of the sea, both living and mineral resources, as well as the

recreational and leisure possibilities that the seas provide to mankind.

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Like previous Congresses the present one has a wide scope by including, in addition to ships and

maritime transportation, other topics of contemporary interest related with the exploitation of ocean

and coastal resources and with renewable energy, areas that are believed to have become increasingly more

important.

Amongst the topics covered in this year’s event are the most updated aspects and developments in mari￾time transportation and exploitation of coastal and sea resources, with incidence not only in the Mediter￾ranean area but with ever widening worldwide interest in the Far East and South America, namely Japan

and Brazil.

Contributions in this book deal with various aspects concerning the design and operation of vessels

in maritime transportation, namely, hydrodynamics, seakeeping and manoeuvring, marine structures,

machinery, resistance and propulsion systems, vessel design, and shipyard technology. Similarly, papers

reflect a number of fundamental areas of the exploitation of ocean and coastal resources are included,

such as marine environment; fisheries; maritime transportation; coastal and offshore development; safety

and reliability; wave and wind modeling and renewable energies. Legal aspects are also considered.

The book is a result of the contributions of the authors that prepared their contents. The papers have

been accepted after a review process based on the full text of the papers. Thanks are due to the Scien￾tific Committee who had most of the responsibility of reviewing the papers and to an equally numerous

group of anonymous reviewers that have helped the authors in delivering better papers by providing them

constructive comments to improve the papers. Unfortunately several manuscripts that did not meet the

quality criteria have not been included in the proceedings but we hope that this has contributed to a more

consistent quality level of the papers included in these books.

Carlos Guedes Soares & Fernando López Peña

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