Dạy học và kiểm tra đánh giá theo chuẩn nào?

DAY HOC VAK i IRA OANH GIA M D CHUAN NAO?

O PGS.TS, VU NHO*

1. Trong Idp tdp hudn GV cdt cdn d Cd Mau 2) Chudn thdng dyng: Thi hien mue chudn

(thdng 1/2010) v l si/ dyng tdi lieu Huong ddn md mdt do tudi vd trudng hqc nhd't djnh cd the

thyc hien chudn kien tht/c mon Ngu vdn, cd

mqt vd'n d l If thu duqc ddt ra: Chiing ta dang dgy

hgc vd kiem tra ddnh gid theo chudn ndo?Vdn de

tudng nhu don gidn, nhung thdt khdng de hd ldi.

Bdi vi ngay cd nhirng tdc gid cua tdi lieu cung

chuo hinh dung hit Id minh dang viet tdi lieu theo

chudn ndo. Chudn tdi do u? Chde Id khdng phdi,

vi chudn ndy neu cd thi chi dp dyng eho cdc Idp

ndng khieu, cdc Idp ehuyen. Chudn tdi thilu u? Cd

le thi, vi ddy Id chudn thdp nhdt md hdu nhu gdn

100% HS ctja tdt cd mqi vung

mien deu dqt duqc. Nhung nlu

dqy theo chudn ndy, HS vung sdu,

vung xo, vijng nui, vung ddn tdc

it ngudi chuo thqo tieng Viet se

phu hqp. Vdy cdc em d ddng

bdng, thj trdn, thdnh phd thi soo?

Le ndo Iqi «kim hdm" khd ndng

cua ede em trong cdi khung nhd

hep euo chudn tdi thieu? Dd Id

chuo k l din mdt «chudn" khde

d chdu Au thudng st/ dyng

(nhung chua hm duqc thudt ngCr

tuong duong d Viet Nam): dd Id

«Rule standards" - tqm djch Id

chudn thdng dyng (hoy chudn

phd bien). Nhu vdy, truoc khi trd

Idi cdu hdi tren edn thdng nhdt

ndm duqc; the hien «mt/c trung binh" (ngudi viet

nhdn mqnh) md HS cd the thyc hien nhiiu hon

hoqe it hon.

3) Chudn tdi da: The hien trong nhCrng khd

ndng cd the dqt duqc ve If thuyet. Chudn ndy ft

duqc duqc djnh hudng trong kit qud hqc tdp ciJO

HS md duqc djnh huong nhiiu hon d y nghlo

hqc thudt; thfch hqp cho viec phdn loqi kit qud

cua HS nhung khdng thfch hqp cho viec gidng

dqy cy thi.

Vf dy, trong Ifnh vyc nhdn thi/c:

Ctiuan tdi thieu

NhOfng dieu cO ban

Co ktia nang tai tiien

ttiong tin duoc giang

day tren I6p

Ctiuan ttiong dung

N4n tang

Co ktia nang lien ket

cac ttiong tin duoc day

d nhCfng thdi dietn khac

nhau va tao thanh quan

he giOra chung

Chuan tdi da

Chuyen doi

Co kha nang nhan thifc

thong tin trong mot tap

hdp nhOfng y tuctng mdi

Trong iTnh vyc giao tilp:

Chuan tdi thieu

Mue tieu

Co kha nang trinh bay

y tu6ng, cam xuc va

nhdng an tuong cija

ban than

Chuan thong dung

Hudnq tdi

Co kha nang gidi thieu

y kien cua ca nhan va

lien he chung vdi nhOfng

y kien cua ngudi khac

Chuan tdi da

Suy nghT phan hdi

Cd kha nang tt/ quan

dilm cua minh suy xet

quan diem cua nhOfng

ngudi khac

(Vu Nho djch tir tu lieu eua GS. J. Rosmussen, trong budi Idm viee

vdi Vien Khoa hqc gido dye Viet Nam)

vdi nhou rdng cdi gqi Id chudn kiin thueva chudn 2. Vdy chung to dd Idm chuong trinh vd vilt

ki ndng cd ba loqi cd lien quon tt/ thdp di n SGK theo chudn ndo? Dqy vd kiem tra ddnh gid

coo: Minimum standards (chudn tdi thieu). Rule theo chudn ndo?

standards (chudn thdng dyng) vd Maximum

standards (chudn tdi da).

Duoi ddy Id djnh nghlo vd vf dy ciia cdc nhd

Idm chuong trinh d chdu Au v l 3 loqi (chinh xde

hon Id bo mire) chudn dd.

1) Chudn tdi thieu: The hien diiu edn thiet

vd CO bdn md moi HS tai mdt trinh dd nhdt dinh.

Din ddy, Iqi phdi ndi v l «Thang do kien

thue vd kl ndng" euo Bloom vd Nikko - ngudi

dd ke tyc Bloom vd dieu chinh de nhirng ngudi

thyc hien thong do d l ddng vd rdnh mqeh. Theo

Bloom, cd 6 mire do v l kiln tht/c tt/ thdp nhdt den

coo nhd't md cd the do duqc d HS, gdm: nhdn

bii't, thdng hieu, van dyng, phdn tich, tdng hgp.

a mdt mdn hqc nhdt djnh phdi biet vd ndm virng ddnh gid. Tilp thu hnh thdn ctia Bloom, Nikko

duqc; the hien myc heu cua GV vd nhd trudng d l

duo mqi HS tdi trinh do ndy. Vien Khoa hpc giao due Viet Nam

< # Tap chi Giao due s6 25 9 (ki i - 4/aoii)