Dạy học phân hóa dựa vào phân cách học tập của học sinh

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Day hoc phan hoa difa vao phong each

hoc tap cua hpc sinh

ThS. NGUYEN THI HONG CHUYEN Khoa Giio dye Tieu hpe - Dgi hpe Su phgm Thai Nguyin

Hon, d'ifterentiated instmetion based on learning styles of stu￾dents; the benefits of teaching based on leaming styles. Pro￾posed a number of measures of teaching based on leaming

st^es In order to stimulate interest in contributing to student

leaming to Improve teaching effectiveness.

Keywords; differentiated instruction, learning style, strate￾gies, student, teacher

TU khda: dgy hpc phin hda, phong deh hpc tip, bien

phip, hpc sinh, giio viin

f. DJVT V/[N D £

Mdi hpc sinh (HS) l i mdt c i nhin ed tiem ning, tri thdng

minh, ddng lyc v i phong cich hpc tip khic nhau. Nhi tmdng

c&i trang bj eho eie em nin hpc vin pho thdng ding thdi d

nhiim vy glOp m6i hpc sinh phit triln tli da ning lye d nhin

cua minh. Dilu dd ddi hdi qui trinh dgy hpe ngiy nay phii d ^

img yiu ciu phin hda.

2. DAY HQC PHAN HO A a) Quan ni$m ve dgy hpc phin hda

Theo Brimijoln v i Nan'aez (2008): "Day hpc phin hda la

mdt trilt tf dgy hpc dya trin tiln d l cho rang HS hpc tit nhlt

Mil giio VlSn (GV) dilu chfnh qui trinh dgy hpe sao eho phQ

hyp vdl trtnh dO, sd thieh va phong eich hpc tgp cua d c em".

Quan nl^m cQa Ann Carol Tomlmson: "Dgy hpc phan hda

cung d p cho ngudi hpe nhQng con dUdng khie nhau de chilm

Tnh ndi dung dgy hpe. Thdng qua do, HS dgt dUpe hieu qui

hpc tip cao hdn" (0] Theo Hall (2002): "Dgy hpc phin hda la

eich tilp d h dgy hpc dip Qng nhQng dil tupng hpc sinh khic

nhau trong cUng mpt ldp nhim myc dfch tli da hda nang lue

eiia mdi c i nhin bing deh tgo ra cho ngUdi hpe qui trtnh day

- hpe phQ hpp nhit vdi hp".

Nhu viy, dgy hpc phin hda l i dinh hudng ve npi dung v i

phudng phip dgy hpc, trong dd giio viSn t l chQe dgy hpe tQy

Iheo dil tupng, nhim dim bio yiu d u giio dye phQ hpp vdl

die dilm tim - sinh li. trinh dd nhin thQe. nhip dd, hUng thQ

khie nhau v i phong deh hpc tip cua ngUdi hpe trSn ed sd dd

phit triln til da tilm ning von d cua mdi hpc sinh.

b) Cic ylu td ciia dgy hpc phan hda

Theo d c tic gii Tin Thin (2005). Nguyin Bi Kim (2006),

d hai elp d$ dgy hpc phin hda: phin hda ngoii {dp dd VT

md), phin hda tmng (cip dp vi md). Trong b& vilt niy xem xit

6 cip dd vi md.

Dgy hpc theo pMfJ hda trong (d p d$ vl md) l i vdi mdi

ChUdng trinh hpe, deh dgy hpc chQ y tdi tQng dot tupng ngudi

hpe trin cd sd hilu bilt sau sac v l ngUdi hpe (kiln thQe nin

tang, ning lyc nhan thUc, mdn hpc hQng thu hay phong deh

hpe tip cQa ngudi hpc) tQdd d debien phip dgy hpc tfch cyc,

phQ hpp nham ning eao hiSu qua dgy v i hpe.

Theo Ann Carol Tomlmson (2001, 2003), trong qui trinh

dgy hpe phin hda d n phii dip Qng ba die tlnh cd bin cQa

ngudi hpc dd la: nang lye nhin thQe. hQng thii va phong deh

hpe tip (PCHT) [0]. D l dap ifng vdi nhQng die dilm khic

nhau ciia ngudi hpe, giio vlSn ed thi dilu chfnh, sQa dil mpt

trong ba ylu l l nhU ndi dung, quy trinh v i sin pham eQa qui

trtnh dgy hpc.

- Trong dd, ndi dung dgy hpc bao glm n$l dung v l mit

kiln thQe nhU thdng tin sy kien, khii nidm, eic nguyin tic,

phupng phap v i tiln trinh, npi dung v l mit kl ning v i ndi

dung thii dd. Ngdi ra, npi dung d n bao glm d nhQng thdng

tin m i giio vien thilt k l d l dya vio dd ngudl hpc d thi tilp

d n dupc kiln thQe. Tit d nhu'ng npi dung niy hpe sinh s i

phii nd IQe tdi da d l chilm ITnh, lim ehii v i d khi ning sQ

dyng nd trong tlnh hulng mdi.

- Quy trlnh dgy hpe (hogt ddng dgy hpc) l i deh thUe tiln

hanh hogt ddng dgy, nhigm vy eiia hogt dpng nay nhim giup

ngUdi hpc hilu v i cudi ciing l i phai sd hOu dupe eac khii nlSm

v i kT nang Phin hda quy trinh dupe hilu l i vdl cung mdt npi

dung nhung dUpe dUa ra cho hpe sinh vdi eie sy trp giQp khic

nhau, d the mang tinh thQ thich v i tlnh chit phQc tgp khie

nhau. D l nhQng hpc sinh khi gidl khdng d m thiy qui nhim

chin, ddn giin khi khim phi kiln thQc, cdn hpc smh trung

binh khdng din mQc d trgng thai thit vpng vl phii dli mit vdi

vin d l qui khd so vdi ning lye [0],

Phin hda quy trinh eho phep hpc sinh lya chpn phuong

phap phQ tipp vdl ban than (ve nang lyc, phong deh hpc tip

khae nhau) de tiep thu kiln thQe. kT ning mpt deh de ding

nhlt hoic lya chpn nhQng thQ thich d l chinh phye.

- Sin pham: l i cii ma hpc sinh d thi tgo ra khi kit thuc

bii hpe d l thi hiin sy lim chu npi dung hpe tip eua minh hay

cieh friQc bieu hien cua hpc sinh ve nhQng thdng tin kiln thUc,

kT ning mi ngUdi hpe d i Tnh hpi, chiem ffnh dUpc sau bit hpc

(bai thuylt trinh, bii ve, tdm tat, bai vilt,...). Trong dgy hpe

p h ^ hda cho phep hpc sinh d ed hpi lya ehpn eich thi hipn

thdng tin phan hoi dya trSn sd thfeh, thi mgnh va phong eich

eiia minh.

3, D M HOC PHAN H6A DUA VAO PHONG CACH HQC TAP CUA NGUOI HQC Nhu v§y, d l thyc hi$n quA trinh dgy hgc ph4n hda cd hi$u