Dạy đọc - hiểu văn bản: hiện trạng và giải pháp

fea curu •Khoa hoc Gido due

DAY DOC - HIEU VAN DAN: HIEN TRANG VA GIAI PHAP

ThS. PHAM THj HUE

Sd Giao due va Dao tao Nam Djnh

1. Hien trang cua gid day dpc - hieu van ban

Dpc - hieu van ban la mpt trong nhCfng diem

dot pha cOa viee ddi mdi phUdng phap day

hpc Ngu van hien nay Vdi chUdng trinh (CT) va

sach giao khoa (SGK) Ngu" van mdi, gid day van

thuc chat la gid giup HS cd dUdc phUdng phap

dpc- hieu. Thdng qua viee hieu van ban tac

pham de bdi dudng tU tudng, tinh cam va nhan

each, bdi dudng tinh yeu ddi vdi van hpc. Cung

nhd dupe trang bj each dpc-hieu van ban ma

ngUdi hpc ed nang lUc dpc, cd dieu kien de hpe

tiep,"hpc sudt ddi". "Dpc - hieu la mpt qua trinh

bao gdm viee tiep xuc vdi van ban, thong hieu

ca nghTa den, nghTa bdng, nghTa ham an, vai trP

tac dung cua hinh thufc, bien phap nghe thuat

ngon tCf, cac thong diep ve tu tudng, tinh cam,

thai dp cCia ngudi viet va ca cae gia tri tU than

cua hinh tupng nghe thuat. Dpc - hieu bat dau

tCf dpc chCf, dpc cau, hieu nghTa eCia tCf va sac

thai bieu cam, hieu nghTa cua hinh thCfc cau,

hieu mach van, bd cue va nam dugc y chinh

cung nhu chCi de tac pham trong ngCf eanh cua

nd. Trong qua trinh dpc, HS se biet each dpc de

tich luy kien thCfc, dpc de li giai, dpc de danh gia

va dpc sang tao, phat hien. .,"'

Tren thUc te, CT va SGK NgCf van mdi da

dupe trien khai den nay la nam thCf 8 ddi vdi cap

THCS, nam thCf 4 ddi vdi cap THPT nhung van

con kha nhieu tdn tai, nhieu lung tung can thao

gd, nhat la ve phuong phap day dpc-hieu eu the.

Dudi day la mpt sd bieu hien con lech lac eua

gid day dpc-hieu:

- ThCf nhat, trong gid dpc - hieu van ban,

giao vien (GV) vin nang ve truyen dat ket qua

dpc- hieu eCia minh, coi nhe viee hudng dan HS

each tiep can, each dpc, phUdng phap dpc van

1. PGS.TS 06 Ngoc Thong, SGK Ngif van can giiip HS tu

tiep nhan tac pham van hoc (Tai lieu boi duang GV thuc

hien CT, SGK Idp 10 THPT mon NgCf van, tr233).

ban. GV sCf dung ehu yeu la phUdng phap van

dap. Day khong phai la phUdng phap cu, kem

hieu qua ma van de la ngUdi GV sCr dung he

thdng cau hdi ehi nhU budc dem de thuyet trinh

y cua minh, viee phat bieu y kien cua HS chi

mang tinh hinh thCfc, chieu le, GV ehUa quan tam

ddi thoai vdi HS de chi ra eai sai, cai dung va li

giai can ke. HS thu dpng nghe va ghi bai, Gid

hpc dang nay rat phd bien vi trude tinh hinh kiem

tra va thi cCf nhU hien nay, Idi day va hpc van nhU

vay cd dp an toan kha eao. Day nhU vay khong

hoan toan la Idi day dpc - chep, nhUng ehu'a phai

la mpt gid day dpc - hieu van ban dung nghTa.

- ThCf hai, GV phdi hpp phuong phap phat

van vdi viee td chCfe cac boat dpng eho HS nhU

trao ddi, thao luan nhdm, tra Idi phieu hpc tap,

ddng vai, tro choi, tra Idi cau hdi trac

nghiem...Gid dpc - bleu dpng hon, nhung vdi

cac tiet dpc - hieu (dac biet la dpc - hieu cae van

ban van hpc), dudng nhU gid hpc bi xe vun, cam

xuc phan tan, HS dugc boat dpng, dupe chia se

nhung chUa dupc hinh thanh kT nang dpc - hieu.

- ThCr ba, ket hop ea hai loai tren va sCf dung

cac hinh thCfc Cfng dung cong nghe thong tin. Tiet

hpc cd sinh dpng hdn, HS cd the hCfng thu hdn

nhung tU duy ehUa ban da dupc phat huy mpt

each chCi dpng, tieh eUc, sang tao. Doi khi chinh

SLf lam dung nhCfng phuong tien kT thuat hien dai

lai ban che de quan sat, phan doan, tri tudng

tupng sang tao cua HS. Tham ehi, GV day van

kieu nay v6 tinh bien gid dpc - chep xUa kia

thanh gid nhin - chep, eon nguy hai hon,

Ca ba kieu day dpc - hieu phd bien neu tren

phan nao the hien y thCfc, nd lUc ddi mdi phUdng

phap CLia GV day van hien nay nhung xet ve ban

chat deu chua phai la gid day dpc - hieu van ban

that su, chUa dat dugc mue tieu toan dien cua

day hpc NgCf van, mpt mon hpc vCfa cd tinh chat

cong eu vCfa ed tinh nghe thuat. Trong dd, ngUdi

KHGD so 58, thdng 7-201 0 29