Danh động từ (Gerund) và Động từ nguyên thể (to infinitive)

GERUND &

INFINITIVE

TO INFINITIVE (to￾V)

In some

structures

To talk about a purpose,

why somebody does

something.

:

decide, promise, hope,

pretend, refuse, offer, agree,

see, appear, choose,

expect, learn, plan, wish,

need, afford, claim, expect,

fail...

Used after certain verbs

We decided TO

BUY that house.

(thật ... để...):

It is interesting to study English.

It + be + adj + to-V

They went to the restaurant

before to reserve a table.

GERUNDS (V-ing) - DANH

ĐỘNG TỪ: là một DANH

TỪ được cấu thành từ một

ĐỘNG TỪ thêm “ING”

: In,

at, on, upon, below,

up, under, below,

above, over, along,

beside, between...

After prepositions

As the subject

: finish,

admit, appreciate, avoid, delay, deny, discuss,

enjoy, imagine, involve, keep, mention, mind,

miss, postpone, practice, recall, recollect,

report, resent, resist, risk, suggest, tolerate.

As a direct OBJECT of some verbs

AFTER SOME EXPRESSIONS

I finish doing

my homework

I am not good at

speaking.

Swimming is

good for health.

There is no point (in) + V-ing: Không có lý

nào

V-ing or to-V

REMEMBER

Some verbs (

) can be

followed by either without a

meaning changing.

like, love, hate,

prefer, begin, start, intend,

continue, advise, allow,

recommend...

You hate making

new friends

You hate to

make new

friends

V-ing: nhớ/ quên/ tiếc việc gì đã làm

(ở quá khứ). I paid her $2. I still

remember that. I still remember

paying her $2.

to-V: nhớ sẽ phải làm gì (ở hiện tại

– tương lai). Remember to send

this letter

I can’t afford to buy that car

She failed to get the contract.

I hope to see you again

He managed to get out of the car.

I promise to help you

They refused to pay extra salary

: ask, advise, allow, bear, beg,

cause, command, compel, encourage,

expect, forbid, force, get, help, instruct, intent,

invite, leave, order, permit, persuade,

recommend, request, remind, teach, tell,

want, warn, wish...

S + V + O + to infinitive - Một số V thường

có O đi kèm

I ask my brother to help me with homework.

The doctor advises patients to give up

smoking

My father allows me to go to the theater

tonight.

Uniforms encourage students to be confident.

Hoa helps me (to) do the housework.

John invited me to take part in his party.

My father permits me to go to the theater

tonight.

My mother wants me to be a teacher

: It takes

Nam two hours to do that exercise.

It takes + O + time + to-V

TOO

S + be + too + adj + (for somebody) +

to-V: You are too young to drive a car.

S + V + too + adv + (for somebody) + to-V:

I got up too late to go to school on time

Too many + N (danh từ số nhiều đếm

được) + to-V: I make too many cakes to

eat it all.

Too much + N (danh từ không đếm được) +

to-V: It takes too much time to do that work.

ENOUGH

S + to be + adj + enough + (for

somebody) + to-V: The water is warm

enough for you to swim.

S + V + adv + enough + (for

somebody) + to-V: John spoke

loud enough for me to hear it.

S + V/tobe + enough + noun + (for

somebody) + to-V: We have enough meat

for the next week.

I find it difficult to learn English vocabulary.

S + find / think / believe + it + adj + to-V:

Phủ định của danh động từ được

hình thành bằng cách thêm not vào

trước V-ing: Ex: not making, not

opening…

Complement (bổ ngữ của chủ ngữ)

My favourite sport is swimming

My favourite sport is swimming

Listening is my best skill.

CAN'T BEAR DOING SOMETHING

= STAND DOING SOMETHING:

chịu đựng được khi làm gì đó

I can't bear listening to their singing.

CAN’T HELP DOING SOMETHING:

không thể không làm gì đó, không

thể nín nhịn làm gì đó (thường là

không thể nhịn cười). Ex: I can't help

laughing

It's no use/ no good/ useless ...(vô

ích...) : It’s no use teaching her.

The point of V-ing: mục đích để làm

gì. Ex: What is the point of having a

car if you never use it?

There is no point + V-ing = It is pointless + to

V

There is no point in locking the barn door now

that the horse has been stolen.

It's (not) worth + V-ing: (không) giá

trị, (không) xứng đáng để làm gì

I live only a short walk from here, so it’s not

worth taking a taxi.

f you are a young, inexperienced driver, it is

worth having comprehensive insurance.

Have difficulty/trouble + V-ing: gặp

khó khăn trong việc gì.

I had difficulty (in) finding a new job.

Có thể thêm giới từ “in” sau “difficulty”.

Chỉ sử dụng “have difficulty/ trouble” trong

cấu trúc chứ không sử dụng dạng số nhiều là

“have difficulties/ troubles”.

Spend time/ Waste time + V-ing:

dành thời gian/ tốn thời gian làm gì

I spend time reading new novels.

Don’t waste time day dreaming!

It is a waste of time + V-ing: It is a

waste of time + V-ing

It was a waste of time reading that book. It

was rubbish.

FORGET

V-ing: Quên đã làm gì (ở

quá khứ). She will never

forget meeting the Queen.

to-V: Quên sẽ phải làm gì (ở hiện tại –

tương lai). Don’t forget to buy flowers.

REGRET

V-ing: tiếc đã làm gì (ở quá khứ). He

regrets dropping out of school early. It is

the biggest mistake in his life.

to-V: tiếc sẽ phải làm gì (ở hiện

tại – tương lai). I regret to

inform you that the train was

cancelled

MEAN

PROPOSE

GO ON

STOP

V-ing: có nghĩa là: Having a

party tonight will mean working

extra hard tomorrow

to-V: có ý định: I mean to

work harder

V-ing: đề nghị: I propose

waiting till the police get

here

to-V: có ý định: I propose to

start tomorrow

TRY

LIKE/ HATE/ LOVE

PREFER

(THÍCH HƠN)

NEED

ADVISE/ ALLOW/ PERMIT/

RECOMMEND

SEE/ HEAR/ SMELL/

FEEL/ NOTICE/ WATCH

Object + V-ing: cấu trúc này

được sử dụng khi người nói chỉ

chứng kiến 1 phần của hành

động.

I see him passing my

house everyday.

Object + V: cấu trúc này

được sử dụng khi

người nói chứng kiến

toàn bộ hành động.

We saw him

leave the

house.

Object + to V:khuyên/

cho phép/ đề nghị ai

They don làm gì.

’t

allow us to park

here.

V-ing: khuyên/

cho phép/ đề nghị

làm gì.

They don’t allow

parking here.

V-ing: Tiếp tục làm 1 việc nào

đó: He goes on talking about

his accident

to-V: Làm 1 việc nào đó mới.

He goes on to talk about his

accident

V-ing (Thử): You should try

unlocking the door with this key.

to-V (cố gắng làm gì): I tried

to pass the exam.

V-ing: ngừng việc đang

làm. She stopped singing

(cô ấy ngừng hát)

to-V: ngừng để làm việc

khác. She stopped to sing

(cô ấy ngừng để hát)

V-ING: Nhấn mạnh trải

nghiệm chung. Thường dùng

để diễn tả tình huống/hành

động cụ thể hoặc để gợi ý sự

tận hưởng (hoặc kém tận

hưởng)

I love going to the

cinema.

TO-V: Nhấn mạnh nhiều hơn

tới kết quả của hành động

hoặc sự việc, thường liên

quan tới sở thích, thói quen...

I love to dance at

the jazz club.

V-ing to V-ing: I prefer driving to

traveling by train. (Tôi thích lái xe

hơn đi tàu.)

to V + rather than (V): I prefer to

drive rather than travel by train.

(Tôi thích lái xe hơn đi tàu.)

to-V: cần làm gì. I need to go

to school today.

V-ing: cần được làm gì (= need

to be done). Your hair needs

cutting. (= your hair needs to be

cut)