Countdown to french learn to communicate in 24 hours

GAIL STEIN

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DOI: 10.1036/0071428631

This book is dedicated to:

My wonderfully patient and supportive husband, Douglas

My incredibly loving, understanding, and proud sons, Eric and Michael

My proud parents, Jack and Sara Bernstein

My creative sister and her family, Susan, Jay, and Zachary Opperman

My superior consultant and advisor, Roger H. Herz

My good friend and supporter, Christina Levy

My seventh-grade buddy, who kept my interest in French alive, Ray Elias

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Contents

Introduction xiii

24:00 Focusing on Pronunciation 1

Master These Skills 1

Perfecting Your Pronunciation 2

Stress 2

Liaison 2

Elision 2

Accents 3

Vowels 4

Nasals 6

Non-Nasal Combinations 9

Consonants 9

A Final Suggestion 13

Time’s Up! 13

23:00 Recognizing and Using Nouns 15

Master These Skills 15

Gender 16

Noun Markers 16

Nouns 19

Cognates 26

Time’s Up! 28

22:00 Working with Present-Tense Verbs 29

Master These Skills 29

Subject Nouns and Pronouns 30

Verbs 31

Shoe Verbs 36

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Irregular Verbs 39

Uses of the Present Tense 45

Time’s Up! 45

21:00 The Past Tense (The Passé Composé) 47

Master These Skills 47

Forming the Passé Composé with Avoir 48

Using the Passé Composé with Être 50

Forming the Passé Composé with Être 51

Special Verbs 52

The Imperfect 53

Deciding When to Use the Passé Composé or

the Imperfect 55

The Pluperfect 58

The Passé Simple (The Past Definite) 59

Time’s Up! 61

20:00 Back to the Future:

Speaking Conditionally 63

Master These Skills 63

The Future 64

The Future Perfect 67

The Conditional 67

The Past Conditional 69

Conditional Sentences 70

Time’s Up! 72

19:00 Using Adjectives and Adverbs 73

Master These Skills 73

Making Adjectives Feminine 74

Past Participles Used as Adjectives 76

Forming Irregular Adjectives 76

Special Forms 79

Making Adjectives Plural 79

Position of Adjectives 80

Adjectives with Different Meanings 81

Adverbs 83

Exceptions to the Rules 84

Adverbs Not Formed from Adjectives 85

CONTENTS

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Adverbs of Quantity 87

Position of Adverbs 87

Time’s Up! 88

18:00 Making Acquaintances 89

Master These Skills 89

Greetings and Good-Byes 90

Reflexive Verbs 91

Origins 95

Nationalities 97

The Family 98

Showing Possession 99

Time’s Up! 102

17:00 Inviting and Replying with Verbs

and Prepositions 103

Master These Skills 103

Verbs for Invitations 104

Prepositions 105

Places 107

Stress Pronouns 108

Extending an Invitation 109

Accepting an Invitation 110

Refusing an Invitation 111

Expressing Indecision and Indifference 111

No 112

Ne . . . pas with Reflexive Verbs 112

Time’s Up! 113

16:00 Working with Numbers 115

Master These Skills 115

Cardinal Numbers 116

Nouns of Number 117

Pronunciation Guide 118

Ordinal Numbers 118

Days, Months, and Seasons 119

Telling Time 122

Time’s Up! 125

CONTENTS

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15:00 Offering Ideas and Issuing Commands 127

Master These Skills 127

Making Proposals 128

Giving Commands 129

Giving and Receiving Directions 130

Using the Pronoun Y 133

Using Idioms 135

Positive Reinforcement 135

Complaints 136

Using Ce + Être or Il Est 136

Time’s Up! 138

14:00 Using French Around the Home 139

Master These Skills 139

House and Home 140

Chores 141

Getting Help in a Store 142

Devoir—to Have to 143

Impersonal Expressions 144

Understanding and Forming the Present Subjunctive 144

The Past Subjunctive 149

Offering Encouragement 149

Time’s Up! 150

13:00 Asking Questions 151

Master These Skills 151

Asking Yes/No Questions 152

Information Questions 155

Using Il Y A 159

Asking for Directions 159

Asking for a Price 160

Questioning New Acquaintances 160

Lack of Communication 161

Time’s Up! 162

CONTENTS

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12:00 Answering Questions 163

Master These Skills 163

Answering Yes 164

Answering No 164

Negative Expressions 167

Answering Information Questions 168

On the Phone 172

Phone Problems 173

Time’s Up! 174

11:00 Seeking Help 175

Master These Skills 175

Getting Help Anywhere 176

At the Post Office 176

At the Hair Salon 178

At the Dry Cleaner’s 179

At the Optician’s 179

At the Camera Store 180

At the Jeweler’s 181

Special Services and Needs 181

Time’s Up! 183

10:00 Working with Pronouns 185

Master These Skills 185

Making Suggestions 186

Leisure Activities 186

Going to the Movies and Watching Television 187

Invariable Demonstrative Pronouns

(Ceci, Cela, Ce, and Ça) 188

Object Pronouns 188

Positive Feelings 194

Using the Subjunctive to Express Emotions

and Feelings 195

Time’s Up! 196

CONTENTS

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09:00 Planning Outdoor Activities 197

Master These Skills 197

Sports 198

The Weather 199

Expressing Negative Opinions 201

Expressing Indifference 201

The Subjunctive with Expressions of Doubt 202

The Subjunctive After Impersonal Expressions 203

The Subjunctive After Verbs of Opinion

or Knowledge 204

Time’s Up! 204

08:00 Making Comparisons 205

Master These Skills 205

Animals 206

In the Classroom 206

Comparisons of Inequality 207

Comparisons of Equality 214

Comparative and Superlative Expressions 215

The Subjunctive After Superlative Expressions 215

Time’s Up! 216

07:00 Meeting Your Needs on the Road

and Elsewhere 217

Master These Skills 217

Hotel Accommodations and Amenities 218

Exclamations 219

More Uses of the Subjunctive 220

Relative Pronouns 223

Time’s Up! 226

06:00 Speaking of Food 227

Master These Skills 227

Quantities 228

The Partitive 229

Eating Establishments 230

CONTENTS

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Foods 231

En 239

Time’s Up! 242

05:00 Medically Speaking 243

Master These Skills 243

At the Pharmacy 244

Prepositional Modifiers 245

Parts of the Body 246

Medical Problems 247

At the Doctor’s Office 248

Asking and Answering “How Long?” 249

Time’s Up! 250

04:00 Choosing and Buying Clothing 251

Master These Skills 251

Clothing 252

Selecting Sizes and Getting Alterations 253

Problems 255

Colors 256

Fabrics 257

Patterns 257

Sales 258

Making a Purchase 258

Variable Demonstrative Pronouns 258

Time’s Up! 259

03:00 Taking Care of Travel Needs 261

Master These Skills 261

At the Airport 262

At the Train Station 264

Travel by Car 264

The Passive Voice 267

Time’s Up! 268

CONTENTS

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02:00 Managing Your Money 269

Master These Skills 269

At the Bank 270

The Stock Market 271

Present Participles 272

Perfect Participles 274

Using Indefinite Pronouns 274

Indefinites as Adverbs 277

Time’s Up! 278

01:00 The Language of Business 279

Master These Skills 279

Stationery Needs 280

Photocopies 280

Faxes 281

Computers 281

Conducting Business 283

Prepositions Before Infinitives 285

Time’s Up! 288

00:00 The Final Countdown 289

Answer Key 295

Appendix: 24 Important Words

and Phrases 307

Index 311

C0NTENTS

xii

Introduction

The main premise of Countdown to French is that you can learn this

extremely useful and beautiful language quickly and effectively. If you

are willing to spend just 24 hours of your time studying the grammar,

vocabulary, and phrases presented in the lessons, you will find that you

will be able to understand and communicate in French in various types

of everyday situations. You can immediately feel confident that you will

meet this challenge and accomplish your goals effortlessly and rapidly.

To make the task of learning French as time-efficient as possible,

Countdown to French is divided into 24 one-hour lessons. Each lesson is

then subdivided into logical and manageable parts, which will enable

you to learn the material with ease and self-assurance. Just divide the les￾son so that you allow an equal number of minutes for each major head￾ing. Do not worry about memorizing all the words in every table. That

would prove to be an impossible and frustrating task. Instead, use the

lists for reference, with the key phrases you memorize. Those words that

are high-frequency in your vocabulary will quickly become a part of

your own personal word list.

Countdown to French is completely different from other language

books: It is not a grammar text for students, yet it contains an in-depth

study of all the major grammar inherent to French. It is not a phrase

book for travelers, yet it contains all the in-depth vocabulary you might

want or need in every conceivable situation. It is, therefore, a unique

combination of the two that gives you the essentials for an immediate

jump start in speaking and understanding French.

Unlike any other foreign language book on the market, Countdown

to French is organized into a series of tasks that speakers will find useful

and adaptable in a wide variety of situations: socializing, giving and

receiving information, persuasion, expressing feelings and emotions, and

expressing needs. These are the rudimentary task elements of any lan￾guage that are necessary for anyone who wants to understand and be

understood: to communicate as effectively as possible. Remember that

dictionaries just give you words without teaching you how to put them

together to form logical, comprehensive thoughts. Countdown to French

will allow you to reach this goal.

Hours 24:00 to 19:00 present the grammar you will need to form

complete, simple, correct sentences in the past, present, or future. The

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differences between English and French syntax and structure will be pin￾pointed to give you a greater understanding and command of the lan￾guage. The rules you learn in these lessons can then be applied to accom￾plish any of the tasks in the ones that follow. So feel free to skip around

and use the knowledge you’ve acquired in any of the parts that follow,

without being overly concerned about sequence.

Hours 18:00 to 16:00 give you the phrases and structures necessary

to strike up conversations and make the acquaintance of French￾speaking people. You’ll learn how to extend, accept, and graciously

refuse an invitation and offer apologies and excuses using the correct

French vocabulary and structures.

Hours 15:00 and 14:00 enable you to get someone to follow a course

of action at a mutually convenient time and place. These lessons allow

you to make proposals, offer suggestions, and give commands that can

be used for a variety of activities and events.

Hours 13:00 to 11:00 teach you the most effective ways to ask yes/no

and information questions. In the event of a lack of communication,

you’ll be prepared. You’ll also be able to properly furnish any necessary

information being asked of you, in a quick, efficient manner. There are

lessons teaching you how to make a phone call and how to obtain help

in securing personal services at the post office, the hair salon, the dry

cleaner’s, the optician’s, the camera shop, and the jeweler’s. There’s even

vocabulary for those with special needs who require special services.

Hours 10:00 to 8:00 allow you to express your positive and negative

reactions and emotions, as well as your indifference and indecision

toward varying activities. You’ll be using colloquial and idiomatic

French and grammatically correct structures to accomplish these tasks,

as well as to make comparisons.

Hours 7:00 to 1:00 will help you with your hotel, food, medical,

clothing, transportation, banking, and business needs by means of easy,

but clear-cut French expressions.

The rest is up to you. If you’re really committed, you can do this!

Bonne chance! (bohn shahNs) Good luck!

INTRODUCTION

xiv