Công thức lai trong sản xuất lợn thịt thương phẩm ở Đông Nam bộ

KHOA HQC C6N G NGH £

CQIMG THtrC LA I TROIXIG SAlM XUA T LOIM THfT

THUOIXIG PHAIVI Q DOiXIG IMAIVI BO

Nguydn Thj A^dn\ Nguydn Hihi TInhS Dodn Van Gid?,

Nguydn Hiru ThaoS Ld Ph^m D^i', TVin Vdn Khdnh^

T6MTAT

Thi nghidm dupe thuc hidn t?d 2 co sd chan nudi d vimg Ddng Nam bd ttr nSm 2007-2009, voi tong sd 552

con Ipn nudi thit va 40 con khao sAt chdt lupng thit ciia cac cdng thtic lai 3-4 gidng giua dpc cudi ciing

(Pietrain & Duroc) co ty Id gien khdc nhau vdi ndi lai Fl (LY). Kdt qua, cdng tiiiic lai tao Ipn tiiit tiiuong

pham CO cha Ik due cudi ciing vdi ty 1$ gien Duroc cao, cho tang trpng binh quSn ngAy dat 655-728 g, cao

hon 28-71 g/ngay (>6-15%) so voi nhdm cdng thiic lai cd ty Id gien Pietrain cao. Cdng thuc lai t^o Ipn thit

thuong pham cd cha la due cudi ciing vdi ty Id nhom gien Pietrain cao, cho ^ Id nac/thSn thit xe cao dat

58,80-62,85%, cao ban ttr 1.73-5,78% so vdi cdng thiic lai c6 ty Id gien Duroc cao; dong thdi co bd day mo

lung thap hon dat 8.09-10.07 mm. Cdng thiic lai pho bidn va dupe ua chudng tai viing Ddng Nam bd iJi

nhdm due lai cudi cung giua hai nhdm gidng Pietrain-Duroc vd dpc Duroc.

Ttr khda: Lgn thit, cdng thiic lai, lai 3gidng, lai 4gidng.

I. DAT VAN DE

Trong chan nudi Ion thuong phlm lly thjt, cdc

nha nghidn cuu, cdc trang trai ciing nhu cdc ndng hO

chdn nudi dd sii dting cdc cdng thtic lai phd bidn giiia

cac gidng Yorkshire, Landrace, Duroc va Pietrain.

Trong cdc cdng thuc lai, due cudi cimg dupe sir dung

lam cha tiiudng la dtrc Duroc vd due lai (due lai cd t^

Id gien khac nhau giiia cdc gidng Ipn cao san); cdn

nai lai ldm ddng me thudng la con lai giiia hai gidiig

Yorkshire vd Landrace hodc nhimg con thuln.

Nhidu tdc gid da nghidn cuu - thir nghidm cdc td

hpp lai giua Ion ngoai x ndi (Nguydn Thidn, Pham

Hiiu Doanh, Dinh Hdng Ludn vd ctv, 1985; V6 Trpng

Hdt, 1982; Ld Thanh Hai vd ctv, 1991; Nguydn Khdnh

Qudc vd ctv, 2001; Pham Sinh, 2001; Nguydn Vdn

Diic vd ctv, 2001; Phiing Thdng Long, 2005) vd td hpp

lai ngoai x ngoai (Nguydn Khdc Tich, 1993; Ld Thanh

Hai vd cti^, 1995; Nguydn Vdn Thidn, 1995; Nguydn

Thi Vidn vd ctv, 2001; Phiing Thi Vdn vd ctv, 2000;

Nguydn Vdn Diic vd ctv, 2001; Nguydn Hihi Thao vd

cti', 2005). Cdc cdng trinh nghidn ciiu nay da ddng

gdp mdt dch cd y nghia trong vide d i tao ndng cao

ndng suit Ipn thit thuong phlm or nude ta. Theo kdt

qua khao sdt ciia Nguydn Thj Vidn vd CTV (2007),

cdc cdng thirc lai tao san phlm Ipn tiijt or vimg Ddng

Nam bd vdi chdn nudi tiieo quy md ti-ang ti-ai cung

nhu hif gia dinh, con gidng dupe sir dung chu ydu Id

cdc gidng Ipn cao san. Ty 1§ su dung nhdm dye vd d i

' Vi?n KHKTNN mien Nam

^ Cdng ty CP DT TM vi CN Ddng A

trong d c cdng thuc lai: nhdm lai YL/LY chidm 76-

89%, nhdm due lai cudi cimg PD chidm 25%, dire

Duroc chidm 27-32% vd due Pieti-ain chidm 26% a hp

gia dinh vd 8% a trang tr?d. Ddn Ipn thjt cd khdi lupng

xult chudng binh qudn 91,40 kg/con vdi thdi gian

nudi 110-120 ngdy, d khdi lupng tang trpng binh

qudn ngdy dat 656 g.

Kdt qua didu tra d a Nguydn Qud Cdi (thdng

6/2009) cho thly d c trai/hp chan nudi or Ddng Nam

bd vd mpt sd tinh midn tdy (Tidn Giang vd An Giang)

sii dting dtrc lai cudi cimg dd phdi gidng tao cdng

thtic lai thuong phlm nudi th}t phd bidn Id dttc lai

giiia hai gidng Pietrain vd Duroc. Ngodi ra, cdn cd

cdc nhdm due lai cudi ciing dupe tao ra bdi d c cdng

ty nude ngodi hidn cd or Vi^t Nam nhu: Cdng ty CP

Group, Cargill, France Hybrid; nhung dtic gidng lai

ndy cho phdi vdi cdc ndi lai Fi(LY/YL) hodc ndi lai

khdc dd san xult Ipn tiijt tiiuong phlm cd 34 mdu

cho ndng suit vd chit lupng nac cao.

Vide nghidn ciiu-khdo sdt d c gidng hodc cdc

cdng tinic Ipn lai cd ndng suit chit lupng cao hidn

dang dupe nudi phd bidn or vimg Ddng Nam bp Id rIt

d n tiiidt nhdm lua chpn cdng tiiuc lai tiuch hpp phuc

vii cho san xult

L VAT Li u VA PHUONG PHAP

1. Dja didm

+ Trung tdm Nghidn ciiu vd Huln luydn Chdn

nudi Binh Thing (ca sdr 1).

+ Cdng ty Cd phin Diu tu Thuong m?u vd Chdn

nudi Ddng A (Co sdr 2).

N6N G NGHlfP VA PHAT TRI^N N6N G TH6N Kt 1 - THANG 8/2011 59