Công nghệ tổng hợp glycerol carbonat góp phần làm tăng hiệu quả sản xuất nhiên liệu diesel sinh học

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CONG NGHE TONG HOP GLYCEROL CARBONAT GOP PHAN LAM

TANG HIEU QUA SAN XUAT NHIEN LIEU DIESEL SINH HOC

TECHNOLOGIES FOR GLYCEROL CARBONATE SYNTHESIS,

CONTRIBUTING TO EFFICIENCY ENHANCEMENT OF BIODIESEL

PRODUCTION

Bin Tda soan 10-06- 2014

GS. TSKH. Mai Tuyen

Hgl Xuc tac va Hap phu Vidt Nam

ABSTRACT

The extensible development of biodiesel based on transesterification of triglycerides from

vegetable oils and animal fats with methanol surely remains considerable amounts of glycerol.

Transfonmation of glycerol into value-added compounds, such as glycenDl carbonate, can

increase greatly economic effects of biodiesel production. For the synthesis of glycerol carbon￾ate from glycerol the catalytic processes play important role. The catalytic reactions in the con￾vereion of glycerol into glycerol carbonate are addressed in this review.

Tif khoa: diesel sinh hpe, glycerol, glycerol carbonat, qua trinh xde tac, dimethyl carbonat.

urS, carbon dioxide, glycerol hda, qua trinh chuyin ddi este hda.

1. MO DAU

Nhien lieu diesel sinh hpe (biodiesel) dang

la mdt hudng phat triln thdi sy va hdp dan,

thu hdt sy quan tam sau sac tren the gidi va b

nudc ta. Tuy nhien, cho den nay, biodiesel

van chua duoc phat trien dd manh, de ed kha

nang giai dap mdi lo lang ve sy thieu hut dau

mo va tinh trang d nhiem mdi trUdng. NguySn

nhan ehinh la gia cda biodiesel van cdn eao

hon kha nhieu so vdi nhien lieu diesel tUdau

md. Gia thanh cda biodiesel phu thupe nhieu

vao viec tan dung ngudn nguyen lieu dua vao

san xudL Biodiesel hay methyl este eda acid

beo (fatty acid methyl ester hay FAME) la san

pham cda qua trinh chuyen doi este hoa

(transesterification) cae triglyceride trong dau

thuc vat hay md dpng vat bang methanol

trong cac dieu kien xue tae axit bay baza. KS't

qua cda qua trinh dd la, ed ba phan td

methanol cd th i chuyen hod dupc mpt phan

td triglyceride thdnh ba phan td FAME va mdt

phan td glycerol. NhU vay, qua trinh sdn xuat

biodiesel di lai mpt lupng Idn glycerol, nhu

mpt san pham phu. Lupng glycerol dd tUong

duong vdi 10% lUpng biodiesel duoc san xult

ra. SyduthUasan lupng glycerol mdi chi dupe

dung de san xuat nang lupng bing cdch dot

chay.

Ve tiem nang sd dyng, glycerol carbonat

(4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one) la mdt

trong nhdng dan xuat eua glycerol hien nay

gianh dupe s y ehd y manh me ca ve khoa hpc

vd cdng nghiep. Glycerol carbonat la chit

thay the xanh eho eae hpp chat quan trpng

thu dtigc tti dau mo, nhu etyien carbonat hay

propylen carbonat. Sy phPt trien thanh cdng

cac phuong phap san xudt glycerol carbonat

tu nlidng nguyen lieu tai tao chae chin la npi

dung quan trpng ddi vdi cae ngPnh cdng

nghiSp khae nhau, vi mpt san phl m ed gia trj

cd the thu dupe vdi khoi lupng Idn vd gia thanh

ha, ed th i eanh tranh dupc vdi eae hpp chit di

CIVHC - SO 7/2014