Computational intelligence for remote sensing

Studie s i n Computationa l Intelligenc e 13 3

Manue l Gran a

Richar d J.Dur o (Eds. )

Manuel Grana and Richard J. Duro (Eds.)

Computational Intelligence for Remote Sensing

Studies in Computational Intelligence, Volume 133

Editor-in-Chief

Prof. Janusz Kacprzyk

Systems Research Institute

Polish Academy of Sciences

ul. Newelska 6

01-447 Warsaw

Poland

E-mail: [email protected]

Further volumes of this series can be found on our homepage:

springer.com

Vol. 113. Gemma Bel-Enguix, M. Dolores Jimenez-Lopez

and Carlos Martin-Vide (Eds.)

New Developments in Formal Languages and Applications, 2008

ISBN 978-3-540-78290-2

Vol. 114. Christian Blum. Maria Jose Blesa Aguilera, Andrea Roli

and Michael Sampels (Eds.)

Hybrid Metaheurislks, 2008

ISBN 978-3-540-78294-0

Vol. 115. John Fulcher and Lakhmi C Jain (Eds.)

Computational Intelligence: A Compendium, 2008

ISBN 978-3-540-78292-6

Vol. 116.YingLiu,Aixin Sun, Han Tong Loh.Wen FengLu

and Ee-Peng Lim (Eds.)

Advances of Computational Intelligence in Industrial Systems,

2008

ISBN 978-3-540-78296-4

Vol. 117. Da Ruan, Frank Hardeman

and Klaas van der Meer (Eds.)

Intelligent Decision and Policy Making Support Systems, 2008

ISBN 978-3-540-78306-0

Vol. 118. Tsau Young Lin.Ying Xie, Anita Wasilewska

and Churn-Jung Liau (Eds.)

Data Mining: Foundations and Practice, 2008

ISBN 978-3-540-78487-6

Vol. 119. Slawomir Wiak.Andrzej Krawczyk and

IvoDolezeKEds.)

Intelligent Computer Techniques in Applied Electromagnetics,

2008

ISBN 978-3-540-78489-0

Vol. 120. George A. Tsihrintzis and Lakhmi C. Jain (Eds.)

Multimedia Interactive Services in Intelligent Environments,

2008

ISBN 978-3-540-78491-3

Vol. 121. Nadia Nedjah, Leandro dos Santos Coelho

and Luiza de Macedo Mourelle (Eds.)

Quantum Inspired Intelligent Systems, 2008

ISBN 978-3-540-78531-6

Vol. 122. Tomasz G. Smolinski, Mariofanna G. Milanova

and Aboul-Ella Hassanien (Eds.)

Applications of Computational Intelligence in Biology, 2008

ISBN 978-3-540-78533-0

Vol. 123. Shuichi Iwata, Yukio Ohsawa, Shusaku Tsumoto, Ning

Zhong, Yong Shi and Lorenzo Magnani (Eds.)

Communications and Discoveries from Multidisciplinary Data.

2008

ISBN 978-3-540-78732-7

Vol. 124. Ricardo Zavala Yoe

Modellingand Control of Dynamical Systems: Numerical

Implementation in a Behavioral Framework, 2008

ISBN 978-3-540-78734-1

Vol. 125. Larry Bull, Bernad6-Mansilla Ester

and John Holmes (Eds.)

Learning Classifier Systems in Data Mining, 2008

ISBN 978-3-540-78978-9

Vol. 126. Oleg Okun and Giorgio Valentini (Eds.)

Supervised and Unsupervised Ensemble Methods

and their Applications, 2008

ISBN 978-3-540-78980-2

Vol. 127. Regie Gras, Einoshin Suzuki, Fabrice Guillet

and Filippo Spagnolo (Eds.)

Statistical Implicative Analysis, 2008

ISBN 978-3-540-78982-6

Vol. 128. Fatos Xhafa and Ajith Abraham (Eds.)

Metaheuristics for Schedulingin Industrial and Manufacturing

Applications, 2008

ISBN 978-3-540-78984-0

Vol. 129. Natalio Krasnogor, Giuseppe Nicosia, Mario Pavone

and David Pelta (Eds.)

Nature Inspired Cooperative Strategies for Optimization (NICSO

2007), 2008

ISBN 978-3-540-78986-4

Vol. 130. Richi Nayak.Nikhil Ichalkaranje

and Lakhmi C. Jain (Eds.)

Evolution of the Web in Artificial Intelligence Environments.

2008

ISBN 978-3-540-79140-9

Vol. 131. Roger Lee and Haeng-Kon Kim (Eds.)

Computer and Information Science, 2008

ISBN 978-3-540-79186-7

Vol. 132. Danil Prokhorov (Ed.)

Computational Intelligence in Automotive Applications, 2008

ISBN 978-3-540-79256-7

Vol. 133. Manuel Grana and Richard J. Duro (Eds.)

Computational Intelligence for Remote Sensing, 2008

ISBN 978-3-540-79352-6

Manue l Gran a

Richar d J. Dur o

(Eds. )

Computationa l Intelligenc e

f o r Remot e Sensin g

D AI HOC TH i i NGUYEN

TDTTVP

rl

vA h f UA p T TPTT

IKUNuIA D

Springe r

Manuel Grana

Universidad Pais Vasco

Facultad de Informatica

20018 San Sebastian

Spain

e-mail: [email protected]

Richard Duro

Universidad de A Coruna

Grupo Integrado de Ingenieria

Escuela Politicnica Superior

c/ Mendizabal s/n

15403 Ferrol (A Coruna)

Spain

e-mail: [email protected]

ISBN 978-3-540-79352-6 e-ISBN 978-3-540-79353-3

DOI 10.1007/978-3-540-79353-3

Studies in Computational Intelligence ISSN 1860-949X

Library of Congress Control Number: 2008925271

© 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is

concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting,

reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication

or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9,1965,

in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are

liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law.

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply,

even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws

and regulations and therefore free for general use.

Typeset & Cover Design: Scientific Publishing Services Pvt. Ltd., Chennai, India.

Printed on acid-free paper

98765432 1

springer.com

Prefac e

This book is a composition of diverse points of view regarding the application of

Computational Intelligence techniques and methods into Remote Sensing data

and problems. It is the general consensus that classification, and related data

processing, and global optimization methods are the main topics of Computa￾tional Intelligence. Global random optimization algorithms appear in this book,

such as the Simulated Annealing in chapter 6 and the Genetic Algorithms pro￾posed in chapters 3 and 9. Much of the contents of the book are devoted to image

segmentation and recognition, using diverse tools from regions of Computational

Intelligence, ranging from Artificial Neural Networks to Markov Random Field

modelling. However, there are some fringe topics, such the parallel implemen￾tation of some algorithms or the image watermarking that make evident that

the frontiers between Computational Intelligence and neighboring computational

disciplines are blurred and the fences run low and full of holes in many places.

The book starts with a review of the current designs of hyperspectral sensors,

more appropriately named Imaging Spectrometers. Knowing the shortcomings

and advantages of the diverse designs may condition the results on some appli￾cations of Computational Intelligence algorithms to the processing and under￾standing of them Remote Sensing images produced by these sensors. Then the

book contents moves into basic signal processing techniques such as compression

and watermarking applied to remote sensing images. With the huge amount of

remote sensing information and the increasing rate at which it is being produced,

it seems only natural that compression techniques will leap into a prominent role

in the near future, overcoming the resistances of the users against uncontrolled

manipulation of "their" data. Watermarking is the way to address issues of own￾ership authentication in digital contents. The enormous volume of information

asks also for advanced information management systems, able to provide intel￾ligent query process, as well as to provide for cooperative manipulation of the

images through autonomously provided web services, streamed through special

web portals, such as the one provided by the European Space Agency (ESA).

The main contents of the book are devoted to image analysis and efficient (par￾allel) implementations of such analysis techniques. The processes include image