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Communicating with Smart Objects - Developing Technology for Usable Pervasive Computing Systems
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Communicating with Smart Objects: Developing
Technology for Usable Pervasive Computing Systems
by Claude Kintzig, Gerard Poulain, Gilles
Privat and Pierre-Noel Favennec (eds)
ISBN:1903996368
Kogan Page © 2003 (341 pages)
This text covers the role of smart devices in communication,
and includes software infrastructure for smart devices,
network technologies for smart objects, and evolution of
smart devices.
Table of Contents
Communicating with Smart Objects
Introduction—The Role of Smart Devices in Communication
Part 1 - Interaction
Chapter 1 - New Distributed and Active Tools and Narrative Activities
Chapter 2 -
Smart Houses and Dependent People—Acceptability, Solvency and
International Tendencies
Chapter 3 -
Towards Multimodal Human-computer Dialogue by Intelligent
Agents
Chapter 4 - Multimodal Interaction on Mobile Artefacts
Chapter 5 - The Voice as a Means of Humanising Man-machine Interfaces
Part 2 - Software Infrastructure for Smart Devices/Ambient Intelligence
Chapter 6 - Introduction to a Middleware Framework
Chapter 7 -
A Model and Software Architecture for Location-management in
Smart Devices/Ambient Communication Environments
Chapter 8 -
A Software Infrastructure for Distributed Applications on Mobile
Physical Objects
Chapter 9 -
Integrating a Multimedia Player in a Network of Communicating
Objects
Chapter 10 - Reverse Localisation
Part 3 - Networking Technologies for Smart Objects
Chapter 11 - Wireless Techniques and Smart Devices
Chapter 12 - Wireless Local Area Networks
Chapter 13 - Radio Links in the Millimeter Wave Band
Chapter 14 - Propagation of Radio Waves Inside and Outside Buildings
Chapter 15 - Ad-Hoc Networks
Chapter 16 -
INDEED—High Rate Infrared Communications in the "Indoor"
Context
Chapter 17 - Artificial Materials for Protected Communications
Chapter 18 - Free-space Optical Communication Links
Part 4 - Evolution of Smart Devices
Chapter 19 - Mobile and Collaborative Augmented Reality
Chapter 20 -
Towards a Description of Information-seeking Tasks Contributing to
the Design of Communications Objects and Services
Chapter 21 - Making Context Explicit in Communicating Objects
Chapter 22 - Dynamic Links for Change-sensitive Interaction
Chapter 23 - Communicating Devices, Multimode Interfaces and Artistic Creation
Chapter 24 - Powering Communicating Objects
Conclusion—From "Things That Connect" to "Ambient Communication"
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Sidebars
Communicating with Smart Objects: Developing
Technology for Usable Pervasive Computing Systems
by Claude Kintzig, Gerard Poulain, Gilles
Privat and Pierre-Noel Favennec (eds)
ISBN:1903996368
Kogan Page © 2003 (341 pages)
This text covers the role of smart devices in communication,
and includes software infrastructure for smart devices,
network technologies for smart objects, and evolution of
smart devices.
Table of Contents
Communicating with Smart Objects
Introduction—The Role of Smart Devices in Communication
Part 1 - Interaction
Chapter 1 - New Distributed and Active Tools and Narrative Activities
Chapter 2 -
Smart Houses and Dependent People—Acceptability, Solvency and
International Tendencies
Chapter 3 -
Towards Multimodal Human-computer Dialogue by Intelligent
Agents
Chapter 4 - Multimodal Interaction on Mobile Artefacts
Chapter 5 - The Voice as a Means of Humanising Man-machine Interfaces
Part 2 - Software Infrastructure for Smart Devices/Ambient Intelligence
Chapter 6 - Introduction to a Middleware Framework
Chapter 7 -
A Model and Software Architecture for Location-management in
Smart Devices/Ambient Communication Environments
Chapter 8 -
A Software Infrastructure for Distributed Applications on Mobile
Physical Objects
Chapter 9 -
Integrating a Multimedia Player in a Network of Communicating
Objects
Chapter 10 - Reverse Localisation
Part 3 - Networking Technologies for Smart Objects
Chapter 11 - Wireless Techniques and Smart Devices
Chapter 12 - Wireless Local Area Networks
Chapter 13 - Radio Links in the Millimeter Wave Band
Chapter 14 - Propagation of Radio Waves Inside and Outside Buildings
Chapter 15 - Ad-Hoc Networks
Chapter 16 -
INDEED—High Rate Infrared Communications in the "Indoor"
Context
Chapter 17 - Artificial Materials for Protected Communications
Chapter 18 - Free-space Optical Communication Links
Part 4 - Evolution of Smart Devices
Chapter 19 - Mobile and Collaborative Augmented Reality
Chapter 20 -
Towards a Description of Information-seeking Tasks Contributing to
the Design of Communications Objects and Services
Chapter 21 - Making Context Explicit in Communicating Objects
Chapter 22 - Dynamic Links for Change-sensitive Interaction
Chapter 23 - Communicating Devices, Multimode Interfaces and Artistic Creation
Chapter 24 - Powering Communicating Objects
Conclusion—From "Things That Connect" to "Ambient Communication"
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Sidebars
Back Cover
At its most basic, a ‘smart object’ is a physical device equipped with a processor, memory, at least one network
connection, and various sensors/actuators, some of which may correspond to (input/output) human interfaces. It
receives joint inputs from its environment and /or the user through its sensors, from other smart objects or
software processes through its network connections. A smart object also has the ability to update its current
internal state and to produce combined outputs through its actuators and the networks. Smart objects range from
the simplest to the most complex devices, for example, from electronic tags to networked appliances or networked
robots, and from heart-rate monitors to wireless-enabled PDAs.
Until recently, information and communication technology has concentrated on pure processing, storage and
transmission, on communication between humans, or between humans and stored information. This book covers
the new technological range of capabilities coming from the generalized combination of physical interaction with
networking and processing. It is primarily in this respect that smart objects have a truly revolutionary potential.
An object is ‘smart,’ first and foremost, because it can communicate and interact with its environment. Yet how
much autonomy and proactivity should a smart object be capable of for this generalized, spontaneous
communication to come to fruition?
Finally, and most importantly, how and when will smart objects come to be used in real-life applications?
About the Editors
Gilles Privat is a senior scientist with France Télécom R&D, contributing general expertise in the field of networked
embedded systems and ubiquitous/pervasive computing. He has authored over 40 technical publications and holds
8 patents, and he also serves as a program committee member of several international conferences.
Gérard Poulain is a senior scientist with France Telecom R&D, working as a psychologist in the field of human
computer interaction and dialogue, using multimedia, software agents, avatars and virtual reality. He is involved
with a number of conferences in these areas, and he is also the author of 2 scientific books and over 50 scientific
papers.
Claude Kintzig works in Research and Development for France Télécom, where he is responsible for the scientific
management of research in areas such as multimedia, virtuality, and software agents. He is the author of over 20
papers and is also involved with a number of conferences in this subject area.
Pierre-Noël Favennec is consultant and director of Collection Technique et Scientifique des Telecommunications,
France. He is the author of 2 scientific books and over 100 scientific publications as well as 12 patents. He is also
President of URSI France.
Communicating with Smart Objects: Developing
Technology for Usable Pervasive Computing Systems
by Claude Kintzig, Gerard Poulain, Gilles
Privat and Pierre-Noel Favennec (eds)
ISBN:1903996368
Kogan Page © 2003 (341 pages)
This text covers the role of smart devices in communication,
and includes software infrastructure for smart devices,
network technologies for smart objects, and evolution of
smart devices.
Table of Contents
Communicating with Smart Objects
Introduction—The Role of Smart Devices in Communication
Part 1 - Interaction
Chapter 1 - New Distributed and Active Tools and Narrative Activities
Chapter 2 -
Smart Houses and Dependent People—Acceptability, Solvency and
International Tendencies
Chapter 3 -
Towards Multimodal Human-computer Dialogue by Intelligent
Agents
Chapter 4 - Multimodal Interaction on Mobile Artefacts
Chapter 5 - The Voice as a Means of Humanising Man-machine Interfaces
Part 2 - Software Infrastructure for Smart Devices/Ambient Intelligence
Chapter 6 - Introduction to a Middleware Framework
Chapter 7 -
A Model and Software Architecture for Location-management in
Smart Devices/Ambient Communication Environments
Chapter 8 -
A Software Infrastructure for Distributed Applications on Mobile
Physical Objects
Chapter 9 -
Integrating a Multimedia Player in a Network of Communicating
Objects
Chapter 10 - Reverse Localisation
Part 3 - Networking Technologies for Smart Objects
Chapter 11 - Wireless Techniques and Smart Devices
Chapter 12 - Wireless Local Area Networks
Chapter 13 - Radio Links in the Millimeter Wave Band
Chapter 14 - Propagation of Radio Waves Inside and Outside Buildings
Chapter 15 - Ad-Hoc Networks
Chapter 16 -
INDEED—High Rate Infrared Communications in the "Indoor"
Context
Chapter 17 - Artificial Materials for Protected Communications
Chapter 18 - Free-space Optical Communication Links
Part 4 - Evolution of Smart Devices
Chapter 19 - Mobile and Collaborative Augmented Reality
Chapter 20 -
Towards a Description of Information-seeking Tasks Contributing to
the Design of Communications Objects and Services
Chapter 21 - Making Context Explicit in Communicating Objects
Chapter 22 - Dynamic Links for Change-sensitive Interaction
Chapter 23 - Communicating Devices, Multimode Interfaces and Artistic Creation
Chapter 24 - Powering Communicating Objects
Conclusion—From "Things That Connect" to "Ambient Communication"
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Sidebars
Communicating with Smart Objects
Claude Kintzig
Gérard Poulain,
Gilles Privat
Pierre-Noël Favennec
KOGAN
PAGE
SCIENCE
First published in France in 2002 by Hermes Science entitled ‘Objets communicants'
First published in Great Britain and the United States in 2003 by Kogan Page Science, an imprint of Kogan
Page Limited
Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as
permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced,
stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or
in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms and licences issued by the CLA.
Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms should be sent to the publishers at the
undermentioned addresses:
120 Pentonville Road
London N1 9JN
UK
22883 Quicksilver Drive
Sterling VA 20166-2012
USA
http://www.koganpagescience.com
Copyright © 2002 France Télécom R&D and Lavoisier, 2002
Copyright © 2003 Kogan Page Limited, 2003
The right of Claude Kintzig, Gérard Poulain, Gilles Privat and Pierre-Noël Favennec to be identified as the
editors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act
1988.
1-9039-9636-8
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Objets communicants. English
Communicating with smart objects: developing technology for usable
pervasive computing systems / edited by Claude Kintzig … [et al.].
p. cm. - (Innovative technology series. Information systems and
networks)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 1-903996-36-8
1. Electronic apparatus and appliances-Automatic control. 2.
Communicating with Smart Objects: Developing
Technology for Usable Pervasive Computing Systems
by Claude Kintzig, Gerard Poulain, Gilles
Privat and Pierre-Noel Favennec (eds)
ISBN:1903996368
Kogan Page © 2003 (341 pages)
This text covers the role of smart devices in communication,
and includes software infrastructure for smart devices,
network technologies for smart objects, and evolution of
smart devices.
Table of Contents
Communicating with Smart Objects
Introduction—The Role of Smart Devices in Communication
Part 1 - Interaction
Chapter 1 - New Distributed and Active Tools and Narrative Activities
Chapter 2 -
Smart Houses and Dependent People—Acceptability, Solvency and
International Tendencies
Chapter 3 -
Towards Multimodal Human-computer Dialogue by Intelligent
Agents
Chapter 4 - Multimodal Interaction on Mobile Artefacts
Chapter 5 - The Voice as a Means of Humanising Man-machine Interfaces
Part 2 - Software Infrastructure for Smart Devices/Ambient Intelligence
Chapter 6 - Introduction to a Middleware Framework
Chapter 7 -
A Model and Software Architecture for Location-management in
Smart Devices/Ambient Communication Environments
Chapter 8 -
A Software Infrastructure for Distributed Applications on Mobile
Physical Objects
Chapter 9 -
Integrating a Multimedia Player in a Network of Communicating
Objects
Chapter 10 - Reverse Localisation
Part 3 - Networking Technologies for Smart Objects
Chapter 11 - Wireless Techniques and Smart Devices
Chapter 12 - Wireless Local Area Networks
Chapter 13 - Radio Links in the Millimeter Wave Band
Chapter 14 - Propagation of Radio Waves Inside and Outside Buildings
Chapter 15 - Ad-Hoc Networks
Chapter 16 -
INDEED—High Rate Infrared Communications in the "Indoor"
Context
Chapter 17 - Artificial Materials for Protected Communications
Chapter 18 - Free-space Optical Communication Links
Part 4 - Evolution of Smart Devices
Chapter 19 - Mobile and Collaborative Augmented Reality
Chapter 20 -
Towards a Description of Information-seeking Tasks Contributing to
the Design of Communications Objects and Services
Chapter 21 - Making Context Explicit in Communicating Objects
Chapter 22 - Dynamic Links for Change-sensitive Interaction
Chapter 23 - Communicating Devices, Multimode Interfaces and Artistic Creation
Chapter 24 - Powering Communicating Objects
Conclusion—From "Things That Connect" to "Ambient Communication"
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Sidebars
Telecommunication systems-Technological inovations. 3. Wireless LANs.
4. Remote control. I. Kintzig, Claude, 1948- II. Title. III. Series.
TK7881.2.O2513 2003
621.3815'4-dc21
2003013875
Typeset by Kogan Page
About the Authors
CLAUDE KINTZIG works for France Télécom R&D, where he is responsible for the scientific
management of research in areas such as multimedia, virtually, and software agents. He is the author of
over 20 papers and is also involved with a number of conferences in these subject areas.
GÉRARD POULAIN is a senior scientist with France Télécom R&D, working as a psychologist in the field
of human computer interaction and dialogue, using multimedia, software agents, avatars and virtual
reality. He is involved with a number of conferences in these areas, and he is also the author of 2 scientific
books and over 50 scientific papers.
GILLES PRIVAT is a senior scientist with France Télécom R&D, contributing general expertise in the field
of networked embedded systems and ubiquitous/pervasive computing. He has authored over 40 technical
papers and holds 8 patents, and he also serves as a program committee member for several international
conferences.
PIERRE-NOËL FAVENNEC is consultant and director of Collection Technique et Scientifique des
Telecommunications, France. He is the author of 2 scientific books and over 100 scientific papers as well
as 12 patents. He is also President of URSI, France.
Communicating with Smart Objects: Developing
Technology for Usable Pervasive Computing Systems
by Claude Kintzig, Gerard Poulain, Gilles
Privat and Pierre-Noel Favennec (eds)
ISBN:1903996368
Kogan Page © 2003 (341 pages)
This text covers the role of smart devices in communication,
and includes software infrastructure for smart devices,
network technologies for smart objects, and evolution of
smart devices.
Table of Contents
Communicating with Smart Objects
Introduction—The Role of Smart Devices in Communication
Part 1 - Interaction
Chapter 1 - New Distributed and Active Tools and Narrative Activities
Chapter 2 -
Smart Houses and Dependent People—Acceptability, Solvency and
International Tendencies
Chapter 3 -
Towards Multimodal Human-computer Dialogue by Intelligent
Agents
Chapter 4 - Multimodal Interaction on Mobile Artefacts
Chapter 5 - The Voice as a Means of Humanising Man-machine Interfaces
Part 2 - Software Infrastructure for Smart Devices/Ambient Intelligence
Chapter 6 - Introduction to a Middleware Framework
Chapter 7 -
A Model and Software Architecture for Location-management in
Smart Devices/Ambient Communication Environments
Chapter 8 -
A Software Infrastructure for Distributed Applications on Mobile
Physical Objects
Chapter 9 -
Integrating a Multimedia Player in a Network of Communicating
Objects
Chapter 10 - Reverse Localisation
Part 3 - Networking Technologies for Smart Objects
Chapter 11 - Wireless Techniques and Smart Devices
Chapter 12 - Wireless Local Area Networks
Chapter 13 - Radio Links in the Millimeter Wave Band
Chapter 14 - Propagation of Radio Waves Inside and Outside Buildings
Chapter 15 - Ad-Hoc Networks
Chapter 16 -
INDEED—High Rate Infrared Communications in the "Indoor"
Context
Chapter 17 - Artificial Materials for Protected Communications
Chapter 18 - Free-space Optical Communication Links
Part 4 - Evolution of Smart Devices
Chapter 19 - Mobile and Collaborative Augmented Reality
Chapter 20 -
Towards a Description of Information-seeking Tasks Contributing to
the Design of Communications Objects and Services
Chapter 21 - Making Context Explicit in Communicating Objects
Chapter 22 - Dynamic Links for Change-sensitive Interaction
Chapter 23 - Communicating Devices, Multimode Interfaces and Artistic Creation
Chapter 24 - Powering Communicating Objects
Conclusion—From "Things That Connect" to "Ambient Communication"
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Sidebars
Introduction-The Role of Smart Devices in
Communication
Bruno Choquet, France Télécom R&D,
France
Will communicating objects be the invaders of tomorrow? One speaks of it, one hears of it, but does one
know what they will be, what they will represent, what they will do? What are "smart devices"?
The concept of a device is commonly understood as that of a physical object composed of mechanisms,
hydraulics, electronics, data processing. Its capacities depend on the whole or part of these components
that will bring certain degrees of life to it and will produce an operational tool.
Communication, experienced by such objects, is characterised by transfers of data which will take on a
conversational aspect if the data involves action by the object which receives it, it having capacities of
emission which will make react with another object.
And since one speaks about communication and interactivity, why not introduce into this system such
concepts as communicating entity? This intervention causes an opening up concepts like multitude,
synchronisation or time sharing, human specificities and characteristics (emotion, mood, capacity of
analysis and synthesis, intelligence, memory, adaptation, etc.) and therefore a large range of parameters
in which the interest will be to be used as models with the physical objects.
CyberMonde
CyberMonde is a research programme of France Télécom R&D, sponsored by the Scientific Direction. It is
intended to take possession of new technologies to able to ensure the advances necessary for France
Télécom and its business units and to be an engine of the innovation in:
co-ordinating research around some great changes of technology and usage;
suggesting vision for their impacts for the future of the services and the networks;
accelerating the transfer towards the market, preparing and testing in time unsuspected innovations
from these changes.
The CyberMonde program addresses the general set of themes of the ‘virtual environment' characterised
by these guidelines:
to always be able to be everywhere and in a capacity of communication;
to develop environments (and the associated interfaces) the communicating of which is based on
smart physical devices (sensors, actuators);
to be able to immerse itself in real, augmented or virtual spaces;
to be able to project itself remotely in adapted forms (tele-presence, clones and avatars).
Two major objectives emerge:
not to restrict CyberMonde to virtual environments only, but to consider as natural and real that
contents that it is image, audio, interaction, etc., intervene and must intervene in any communication
system;
to keep in the centre of our concerns the communication dimension which constitutes the main goal of
France Télécom and to have in line of sight the end-user, i.e. the human being (but not only) which
will place the functioning of these environments at his disposal.
Communicating with Smart Objects: Developing
Technology for Usable Pervasive Computing Systems
by Claude Kintzig, Gerard Poulain, Gilles
Privat and Pierre-Noel Favennec (eds)
ISBN:1903996368
Kogan Page © 2003 (341 pages)
This text covers the role of smart devices in communication,
and includes software infrastructure for smart devices,
network technologies for smart objects, and evolution of
smart devices.
Table of Contents
Communicating with Smart Objects
Introduction—The Role of Smart Devices in Communication
Part 1 - Interaction
Chapter 1 - New Distributed and Active Tools and Narrative Activities
Chapter 2 -
Smart Houses and Dependent People—Acceptability, Solvency and
International Tendencies
Chapter 3 -
Towards Multimodal Human-computer Dialogue by Intelligent
Agents
Chapter 4 - Multimodal Interaction on Mobile Artefacts
Chapter 5 - The Voice as a Means of Humanising Man-machine Interfaces
Part 2 - Software Infrastructure for Smart Devices/Ambient Intelligence
Chapter 6 - Introduction to a Middleware Framework
Chapter 7 -
A Model and Software Architecture for Location-management in
Smart Devices/Ambient Communication Environments
Chapter 8 -
A Software Infrastructure for Distributed Applications on Mobile
Physical Objects
Chapter 9 -
Integrating a Multimedia Player in a Network of Communicating
Objects
Chapter 10 - Reverse Localisation
Part 3 - Networking Technologies for Smart Objects
Chapter 11 - Wireless Techniques and Smart Devices
Chapter 12 - Wireless Local Area Networks
Chapter 13 - Radio Links in the Millimeter Wave Band
Chapter 14 - Propagation of Radio Waves Inside and Outside Buildings
Chapter 15 - Ad-Hoc Networks
Chapter 16 -
INDEED—High Rate Infrared Communications in the "Indoor"
Context
Chapter 17 - Artificial Materials for Protected Communications
Chapter 18 - Free-space Optical Communication Links
Part 4 - Evolution of Smart Devices
Chapter 19 - Mobile and Collaborative Augmented Reality
Chapter 20 -
Towards a Description of Information-seeking Tasks Contributing to
the Design of Communications Objects and Services
Chapter 21 - Making Context Explicit in Communicating Objects
Chapter 22 - Dynamic Links for Change-sensitive Interaction
Chapter 23 - Communicating Devices, Multimode Interfaces and Artistic Creation
Chapter 24 - Powering Communicating Objects
Conclusion—From "Things That Connect" to "Ambient Communication"
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Sidebars
The two major objectives of the CyberMonde program take on again the traditional comprehension of the
cyberspace which combines virtual and telematic reality and adds ubiquity, quasi-permanent, real or
simulated presence (teleportation):
To implement virtual environments within the traditional context, i.e.:
to divide and make live joint virtual and real elements,
to envisage the access and diffusion modes of shared information,
to put in place the methods and tools adapted to the preceding tasks,
to develop suitable supporting technologies,
to adapt to the material constraints (networks, terminals, etc.).
To invent new fields of communication:
to support all the modes of interactions,
to offer forms of presentation,
with the help of the available material, to free itself from the place and time.
Communicating with Smart Objects: Developing
Technology for Usable Pervasive Computing Systems
by Claude Kintzig, Gerard Poulain, Gilles
Privat and Pierre-Noel Favennec (eds)
ISBN:1903996368
Kogan Page © 2003 (341 pages)
This text covers the role of smart devices in communication,
and includes software infrastructure for smart devices,
network technologies for smart objects, and evolution of
smart devices.
Table of Contents
Communicating with Smart Objects
Introduction—The Role of Smart Devices in Communication
Part 1 - Interaction
Chapter 1 - New Distributed and Active Tools and Narrative Activities
Chapter 2 -
Smart Houses and Dependent People—Acceptability, Solvency and
International Tendencies
Chapter 3 -
Towards Multimodal Human-computer Dialogue by Intelligent
Agents
Chapter 4 - Multimodal Interaction on Mobile Artefacts
Chapter 5 - The Voice as a Means of Humanising Man-machine Interfaces
Part 2 - Software Infrastructure for Smart Devices/Ambient Intelligence
Chapter 6 - Introduction to a Middleware Framework
Chapter 7 -
A Model and Software Architecture for Location-management in
Smart Devices/Ambient Communication Environments
Chapter 8 -
A Software Infrastructure for Distributed Applications on Mobile
Physical Objects
Chapter 9 -
Integrating a Multimedia Player in a Network of Communicating
Objects
Chapter 10 - Reverse Localisation
Part 3 - Networking Technologies for Smart Objects
Chapter 11 - Wireless Techniques and Smart Devices
Chapter 12 - Wireless Local Area Networks
Chapter 13 - Radio Links in the Millimeter Wave Band
Chapter 14 - Propagation of Radio Waves Inside and Outside Buildings
Chapter 15 - Ad-Hoc Networks
Chapter 16 -
INDEED—High Rate Infrared Communications in the "Indoor"
Context
Chapter 17 - Artificial Materials for Protected Communications
Chapter 18 - Free-space Optical Communication Links
Part 4 - Evolution of Smart Devices
Chapter 19 - Mobile and Collaborative Augmented Reality
Chapter 20 -
Towards a Description of Information-seeking Tasks Contributing to
the Design of Communications Objects and Services
Chapter 21 - Making Context Explicit in Communicating Objects
Chapter 22 - Dynamic Links for Change-sensitive Interaction
Chapter 23 - Communicating Devices, Multimode Interfaces and Artistic Creation
Chapter 24 - Powering Communicating Objects
Conclusion—From "Things That Connect" to "Ambient Communication"
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Sidebars
Smart devices
Smart devices will support interaction between CyberMonde and the environment: it is their main task; but
also they will facilitate the internal evolution of CyberMonde and why not the environment itself. Indeed,
CyberMonde, if it lives periodically in a closed area, needs to be built or to be reconstituted according to its
own rules; also, the environment is subjected to conditions (forced or enrichments), free or not, which
modify its own parameters.
In reference to the proposals (incomplete at the date of writing), the role of smart devices appears
diversified, made up however of more or less unifying poles of interest:
management of its primary needs: that is a very basic role, but necessary to be maintained in life and
to be able to fulfil the external requests for which the object is intended. The survival of the device
should not depend on its capacities to feed (to increase its energy) or to carry out its own
maintenance, but this must be decided on if it would become useless.
letter box; the situation of the passive device or the device which fills, without fail, always the same
functionality. Increased use can possibly occur, but it is known in advance. In this category, one will
find probably sensors of information, displays, switches.
at a higher level, the tool for specialised storage carries out classification of the data and information
which will require greater software power and the setting in place of protocols, dialogues and indexing
procedures, with human supervision.
decentralisation of the processing capacities of information answers other problems and even
corresponds to a certain vision of the organisation of the system, but this track becomes possible
thanks to the performances related to the memories, the software developments of architecture and
management, etc. This field develops, depending of technological progress and scientific projections,
and will allow better adaptation to the specifications.
a higher level step: attention carried to context. One finds the functions presented there previously, but
also of the capacities of fusion of data and interactivity. The standard example is the physical
localisation of a user. But one will easily imagine the need to obtain from it the identification and thus
the identity. The access to local information also forms part of the context.
more subtle will be the device which will succeed in perceiving the environment, but not only the
physical environment or the data-processing links. To perceive the environment requires to be alert to
an unspecified event, but also to analyse data which predict relations between communicating entities
and especially the way in which each one perceives the other. This introduction of the relational fields
is not without reference to the first steps of work on emotion.
an additional element of the smart device will be its potentiality to carry out a behavioural analysis of
the devices and environment which surround it. This analysis will bring an obvious advantage since it is
a question of communicating, to co-operate, co-ordinate, connect, and therefore to connect and to
interact.
These topics come up more and more frequently, but undoubtedly not yet enough. There is surely a gain
in taking as a starting point the mono and multi-agents models.
the device, companion of the communicating entity which is the individual, has the characteristics of its
master and puts in place capacities of selection of information (at entry) and recopy (at exit) to assist
and accompany the individual;
to finish, but undoubtedly is not yet one of prime importance, one will evoke intelligence. But what
intelligence for a device? Undoubtedly, software agents are an answer.
Elements, in particular chapters dealing with semantic and emotional aspects, will appear elsewhere.
Other fields deserve to be studied, for example, the autonomy and the decision-making power of an
object, the takeover of an action, proactivity, etc.
Communicating with Smart Objects: Developing
Technology for Usable Pervasive Computing Systems
by Claude Kintzig, Gerard Poulain, Gilles
Privat and Pierre-Noel Favennec (eds)
ISBN:1903996368
Kogan Page © 2003 (341 pages)
This text covers the role of smart devices in communication,
and includes software infrastructure for smart devices,
network technologies for smart objects, and evolution of
smart devices.
Table of Contents
Communicating with Smart Objects
Introduction—The Role of Smart Devices in Communication
Part 1 - Interaction
Chapter 1 - New Distributed and Active Tools and Narrative Activities
Chapter 2 -
Smart Houses and Dependent People—Acceptability, Solvency and
International Tendencies
Chapter 3 -
Towards Multimodal Human-computer Dialogue by Intelligent
Agents
Chapter 4 - Multimodal Interaction on Mobile Artefacts
Chapter 5 - The Voice as a Means of Humanising Man-machine Interfaces
Part 2 - Software Infrastructure for Smart Devices/Ambient Intelligence
Chapter 6 - Introduction to a Middleware Framework
Chapter 7 -
A Model and Software Architecture for Location-management in
Smart Devices/Ambient Communication Environments
Chapter 8 -
A Software Infrastructure for Distributed Applications on Mobile
Physical Objects
Chapter 9 -
Integrating a Multimedia Player in a Network of Communicating
Objects
Chapter 10 - Reverse Localisation
Part 3 - Networking Technologies for Smart Objects
Chapter 11 - Wireless Techniques and Smart Devices
Chapter 12 - Wireless Local Area Networks
Chapter 13 - Radio Links in the Millimeter Wave Band
Chapter 14 - Propagation of Radio Waves Inside and Outside Buildings
Chapter 15 - Ad-Hoc Networks
Chapter 16 -
INDEED—High Rate Infrared Communications in the "Indoor"
Context
Chapter 17 - Artificial Materials for Protected Communications
Chapter 18 - Free-space Optical Communication Links
Part 4 - Evolution of Smart Devices
Chapter 19 - Mobile and Collaborative Augmented Reality
Chapter 20 -
Towards a Description of Information-seeking Tasks Contributing to
the Design of Communications Objects and Services
Chapter 21 - Making Context Explicit in Communicating Objects
Chapter 22 - Dynamic Links for Change-sensitive Interaction
Chapter 23 - Communicating Devices, Multimode Interfaces and Artistic Creation
Chapter 24 - Powering Communicating Objects
Conclusion—From "Things That Connect" to "Ambient Communication"
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Sidebars
Is it false to think that current efforts are not centred on these last subjects? Or is this an ignorance of the
work of laboratories?
Is a smart device only physical?
Communicating with Smart Objects: Developing
Technology for Usable Pervasive Computing Systems
by Claude Kintzig, Gerard Poulain, Gilles
Privat and Pierre-Noel Favennec (eds)
ISBN:1903996368
Kogan Page © 2003 (341 pages)
This text covers the role of smart devices in communication,
and includes software infrastructure for smart devices,
network technologies for smart objects, and evolution of
smart devices.
Table of Contents
Communicating with Smart Objects
Introduction—The Role of Smart Devices in Communication
Part 1 - Interaction
Chapter 1 - New Distributed and Active Tools and Narrative Activities
Chapter 2 -
Smart Houses and Dependent People—Acceptability, Solvency and
International Tendencies
Chapter 3 -
Towards Multimodal Human-computer Dialogue by Intelligent
Agents
Chapter 4 - Multimodal Interaction on Mobile Artefacts
Chapter 5 - The Voice as a Means of Humanising Man-machine Interfaces
Part 2 - Software Infrastructure for Smart Devices/Ambient Intelligence
Chapter 6 - Introduction to a Middleware Framework
Chapter 7 -
A Model and Software Architecture for Location-management in
Smart Devices/Ambient Communication Environments
Chapter 8 -
A Software Infrastructure for Distributed Applications on Mobile
Physical Objects
Chapter 9 -
Integrating a Multimedia Player in a Network of Communicating
Objects
Chapter 10 - Reverse Localisation
Part 3 - Networking Technologies for Smart Objects
Chapter 11 - Wireless Techniques and Smart Devices
Chapter 12 - Wireless Local Area Networks
Chapter 13 - Radio Links in the Millimeter Wave Band
Chapter 14 - Propagation of Radio Waves Inside and Outside Buildings
Chapter 15 - Ad-Hoc Networks
Chapter 16 -
INDEED—High Rate Infrared Communications in the "Indoor"
Context
Chapter 17 - Artificial Materials for Protected Communications
Chapter 18 - Free-space Optical Communication Links
Part 4 - Evolution of Smart Devices
Chapter 19 - Mobile and Collaborative Augmented Reality
Chapter 20 -
Towards a Description of Information-seeking Tasks Contributing to
the Design of Communications Objects and Services
Chapter 21 - Making Context Explicit in Communicating Objects
Chapter 22 - Dynamic Links for Change-sensitive Interaction
Chapter 23 - Communicating Devices, Multimode Interfaces and Artistic Creation
Chapter 24 - Powering Communicating Objects
Conclusion—From "Things That Connect" to "Ambient Communication"
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Sidebars
Part 1: Interaction
Chapter List
Chapter 1: New Distributed and Active Tools and Narrative Activities
Chapter 2: Smart Houses and Dependent People—Acceptability, Solvency and International
Tendencies
Chapter 3: Towards Multimodal Human-computer Dialogue by Intelligent Agents
Chapter 4: Multimodal Interaction on Mobile Artefacts
Chapter 5: The Voice as a Means of Humanising Man-machine Interfaces
Communicating with Smart Objects: Developing
Technology for Usable Pervasive Computing Systems
by Claude Kintzig, Gerard Poulain, Gilles
Privat and Pierre-Noel Favennec (eds)
ISBN:1903996368
Kogan Page © 2003 (341 pages)
This text covers the role of smart devices in communication,
and includes software infrastructure for smart devices,
network technologies for smart objects, and evolution of
smart devices.
Table of Contents
Communicating with Smart Objects
Introduction—The Role of Smart Devices in Communication
Part 1 - Interaction
Chapter 1 - New Distributed and Active Tools and Narrative Activities
Chapter 2 -
Smart Houses and Dependent People—Acceptability, Solvency and
International Tendencies
Chapter 3 -
Towards Multimodal Human-computer Dialogue by Intelligent
Agents
Chapter 4 - Multimodal Interaction on Mobile Artefacts
Chapter 5 - The Voice as a Means of Humanising Man-machine Interfaces
Part 2 - Software Infrastructure for Smart Devices/Ambient Intelligence
Chapter 6 - Introduction to a Middleware Framework
Chapter 7 -
A Model and Software Architecture for Location-management in
Smart Devices/Ambient Communication Environments
Chapter 8 -
A Software Infrastructure for Distributed Applications on Mobile
Physical Objects
Chapter 9 -
Integrating a Multimedia Player in a Network of Communicating
Objects
Chapter 10 - Reverse Localisation
Part 3 - Networking Technologies for Smart Objects
Chapter 11 - Wireless Techniques and Smart Devices
Chapter 12 - Wireless Local Area Networks
Chapter 13 - Radio Links in the Millimeter Wave Band
Chapter 14 - Propagation of Radio Waves Inside and Outside Buildings
Chapter 15 - Ad-Hoc Networks
Chapter 16 -
INDEED—High Rate Infrared Communications in the "Indoor"
Context
Chapter 17 - Artificial Materials for Protected Communications
Chapter 18 - Free-space Optical Communication Links
Part 4 - Evolution of Smart Devices
Chapter 19 - Mobile and Collaborative Augmented Reality
Chapter 20 -
Towards a Description of Information-seeking Tasks Contributing to
the Design of Communications Objects and Services
Chapter 21 - Making Context Explicit in Communicating Objects
Chapter 22 - Dynamic Links for Change-sensitive Interaction
Chapter 23 - Communicating Devices, Multimode Interfaces and Artistic Creation
Chapter 24 - Powering Communicating Objects
Conclusion—From "Things That Connect" to "Ambient Communication"
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Sidebars
Chapter 1: New Distributed and Active Tools and
Narrative Activities
Françoise Decortis, FNRS Université de Liège
Claudio Moderini, Domus Academy
Antonio Rizzo, Universita di Siena
Job Rutgers, Philips Design
1 Introduction
Situated among the technologies of the future, the development of one invisible, distributed and ubiquitious
technology was the aim of a research project on which we currently work within the framework of project
POGO (European Program I3 Intelligent Information Interfaces, Exploring New Learning Future for
Children).
This technological orientation rides on the concept of affordance as perceived by objects (Gibson, 1977)
and of apparatuses of information (Norman, 1998), and considers the way in which the instrument
supports the task so that it becomes an integral part of it, as if it were a natural extension of the human and
his work. That implies a specialisation of the function so as to be in perfect agreement with real needs of
the users, and to offer great simplicity and transparency. According to this philosophy, instruments will not
be recognisable as such any more, so they will disappear from the sight and the consciousness of the
humans. The movement towards an invisible technology (Norman, 1998), is manifested in instruments
designed and thought out within the framework of project POGO - active instruments, new semiotics tools
which should fit in a harmonious way into traditional instruments where any centralised unit of data
processing disappears from the sight and consciousness of the user.
1.1 New active tools
Six tools forming the POGO system were designed and evaluated. Beamer POGO is one tool which
makes it possible to visualise and capture the purposes or appearance of the physical world and to import
them into the virtual world by, in particular, projecting them directly on the screen. The beamer
includes/understands a screen sensitive to the touch and allows the children to draw on it, to write as if
their finger were a pencil and also to capture various type images and to record them on a card. The
cards' pastiches are memories of elements and of the made up images. The children can record
elements there by acting on the beamer. Other cards contain predefined and preregistered elements (sky,
sea, landscape). There are also cards which contain sounds. The flexible screen is used to visualise the
basic images contained in the cards. The screen is provided with three small pockets which contain card
readers which correspond to three different positions on the screen. The screen flexible device can be
fixed to the wall or used on the ground. There is also an integrated device which allows the children to
change the colour of the projection. The sound carpet is a carpet which allows them to play with sounds
which are contained in cards. By inserting a card in the card reader, the children activate a basic sound of
the environment which is played in loop plus a series of specific sounds which are activated on pressing on
the various zones of the carpet. The tool voice enables the microphone to create distortions of the voice.
At this moment it is possible to render the voice sharper or more serious in tone. The mumbo makes it
possible to read an image contained in one card and to project its contents onto the flexible screen. It
includes functionalities of zoom and rotation which makes it possible to make the elements move on the
screen.
1.2 Active tools prototypes
The philosophy of design of POGO instruments foresees simple tools affording the stimulation of sensory
effects and a great reactivity with environment. They aim at a flexible and harmonious integration between
the physical world and virtual world and, in the socio-cutural theoretical orientation, support with
development of the narration as a vehicle of the direction and with the interaction between development of
Communicating with Smart Objects: Developing
Technology for Usable Pervasive Computing Systems
by Claude Kintzig, Gerard Poulain, Gilles
Privat and Pierre-Noel Favennec (eds)
ISBN:1903996368
Kogan Page © 2003 (341 pages)
This text covers the role of smart devices in communication,
and includes software infrastructure for smart devices,
network technologies for smart objects, and evolution of
smart devices.
Table of Contents
Communicating with Smart Objects
Introduction—The Role of Smart Devices in Communication
Part 1 - Interaction
Chapter 1 - New Distributed and Active Tools and Narrative Activities
Chapter 2 -
Smart Houses and Dependent People—Acceptability, Solvency and
International Tendencies
Chapter 3 -
Towards Multimodal Human-computer Dialogue by Intelligent
Agents
Chapter 4 - Multimodal Interaction on Mobile Artefacts
Chapter 5 - The Voice as a Means of Humanising Man-machine Interfaces
Part 2 - Software Infrastructure for Smart Devices/Ambient Intelligence
Chapter 6 - Introduction to a Middleware Framework
Chapter 7 -
A Model and Software Architecture for Location-management in
Smart Devices/Ambient Communication Environments
Chapter 8 -
A Software Infrastructure for Distributed Applications on Mobile
Physical Objects
Chapter 9 -
Integrating a Multimedia Player in a Network of Communicating
Objects
Chapter 10 - Reverse Localisation
Part 3 - Networking Technologies for Smart Objects
Chapter 11 - Wireless Techniques and Smart Devices
Chapter 12 - Wireless Local Area Networks
Chapter 13 - Radio Links in the Millimeter Wave Band
Chapter 14 - Propagation of Radio Waves Inside and Outside Buildings
Chapter 15 - Ad-Hoc Networks
Chapter 16 -
INDEED—High Rate Infrared Communications in the "Indoor"
Context
Chapter 17 - Artificial Materials for Protected Communications
Chapter 18 - Free-space Optical Communication Links
Part 4 - Evolution of Smart Devices
Chapter 19 - Mobile and Collaborative Augmented Reality
Chapter 20 -
Towards a Description of Information-seeking Tasks Contributing to
the Design of Communications Objects and Services
Chapter 21 - Making Context Explicit in Communicating Objects
Chapter 22 - Dynamic Links for Change-sensitive Interaction
Chapter 23 - Communicating Devices, Multimode Interfaces and Artistic Creation
Chapter 24 - Powering Communicating Objects
Conclusion—From "Things That Connect" to "Ambient Communication"
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Sidebars
the narration as a vehicle of the meaning and with the interaction between world of the child and the
images, models and significances existing in the culture. Their central question is to know with which future
instruments could one provide advantages compared to what is done already in the school environment
where training goes through an appropriation of meaning, with work on the emotion, imagination,
exploration and social externalisation. We are interested in the effects of introduction of active and
distributed new instruments on the narrative activities in a school environment. How do POGO instruments
transform the activity of the children when they create stories?
The above shows the new tools of POGO: Beamer, the mumbo, the assembler, the microcomputer, the
mobile camera, the sound carpet, and the sequences recorder.
Communicating with Smart Objects: Developing
Technology for Usable Pervasive Computing Systems
by Claude Kintzig, Gerard Poulain, Gilles
Privat and Pierre-Noel Favennec (eds)
ISBN:1903996368
Kogan Page © 2003 (341 pages)
This text covers the role of smart devices in communication,
and includes software infrastructure for smart devices,
network technologies for smart objects, and evolution of
smart devices.
Table of Contents
Communicating with Smart Objects
Introduction—The Role of Smart Devices in Communication
Part 1 - Interaction
Chapter 1 - New Distributed and Active Tools and Narrative Activities
Chapter 2 -
Smart Houses and Dependent People—Acceptability, Solvency and
International Tendencies
Chapter 3 -
Towards Multimodal Human-computer Dialogue by Intelligent
Agents
Chapter 4 - Multimodal Interaction on Mobile Artefacts
Chapter 5 - The Voice as a Means of Humanising Man-machine Interfaces
Part 2 - Software Infrastructure for Smart Devices/Ambient Intelligence
Chapter 6 - Introduction to a Middleware Framework
Chapter 7 -
A Model and Software Architecture for Location-management in
Smart Devices/Ambient Communication Environments
Chapter 8 -
A Software Infrastructure for Distributed Applications on Mobile
Physical Objects
Chapter 9 -
Integrating a Multimedia Player in a Network of Communicating
Objects
Chapter 10 - Reverse Localisation
Part 3 - Networking Technologies for Smart Objects
Chapter 11 - Wireless Techniques and Smart Devices
Chapter 12 - Wireless Local Area Networks
Chapter 13 - Radio Links in the Millimeter Wave Band
Chapter 14 - Propagation of Radio Waves Inside and Outside Buildings
Chapter 15 - Ad-Hoc Networks
Chapter 16 -
INDEED—High Rate Infrared Communications in the "Indoor"
Context
Chapter 17 - Artificial Materials for Protected Communications
Chapter 18 - Free-space Optical Communication Links
Part 4 - Evolution of Smart Devices
Chapter 19 - Mobile and Collaborative Augmented Reality
Chapter 20 -
Towards a Description of Information-seeking Tasks Contributing to
the Design of Communications Objects and Services
Chapter 21 - Making Context Explicit in Communicating Objects
Chapter 22 - Dynamic Links for Change-sensitive Interaction
Chapter 23 - Communicating Devices, Multimode Interfaces and Artistic Creation
Chapter 24 - Powering Communicating Objects
Conclusion—From "Things That Connect" to "Ambient Communication"
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Sidebars
2 New potentialities
What are the new potentialities offered by the POGO system? The system allows the child to enter
physically into the story thanks to the use of the table camera and of the camera. This camera also makes
it possible for the children to be seen in activity. Their reflexivity to activity of narrative construction thus
becomes possible and encouraged. The beamer is also used by the children to photograph part of their
body and to modify, thanks to colour features or the morphing, and to add the effects of distortion of the
images, and being of real play interest for the children. The beamer thus allows one, following the
example of the camera, to project the body of child in the image, and a fortiori in history. To write with the
fingers seems particularly appreciated by children.
The Pogo system enables integration of the traditional tools for narrative construction (paper-pencil,
drawings, account), by opening the field of new possibilities: disguises, sounds, vocal effects can be
created, projected, combined. The introduction of several instruments being able to be simultaneously
used to capture, handle and to combine images and sounds enables the increased participation of all the
children in the construction of the contents history. The simultaneous use of the tools also introduces a
more individual dimension into the narration: each child could at the same time take part in collective
creation and give its contribution personal, if it wishes. The construction of history becomes multimode:
video, virtual and real images, sounds, voice, can be combined, dissociated, be worked separately and
simultaneously. The introduction of sound as a narrative element increases the expressive possibilities of
Pogo: children can give their voice to the characters, improvise dialogues, recreate sound atmospheres,
etc.
The system is user-friendly. There are analogies between the form of tools and their effects and average
use. The functionalities of the system are distributed in a clear and simple way among each tool. The
system is appropriate for children from 6 years of age, who quickly apprehend the operation of the tools.
Construction of history is not a work for the children, but take on an play aspect. School becomes a space
of plays and discovery.
The system encourages communication and co-operation among the children, necessary elements to
make a real co-ordination of all the elements of history present at the same time. The system encourages
the inspirational phases and production, opening up an enormous field of possibilities in the style of the
stories, the manner of building, and in the various media backing the activities.
In addition, we observe that the use of the instruments increases the collective dimension of the creative
process and in particular the diversification of the roles and their participation. Finally the instruments
support the children in the structuring of narrative to produce richer stories.
Communicating with Smart Objects: Developing
Technology for Usable Pervasive Computing Systems
by Claude Kintzig, Gerard Poulain, Gilles
Privat and Pierre-Noel Favennec (eds)
ISBN:1903996368
Kogan Page © 2003 (341 pages)
This text covers the role of smart devices in communication,
and includes software infrastructure for smart devices,
network technologies for smart objects, and evolution of
smart devices.
Table of Contents
Communicating with Smart Objects
Introduction—The Role of Smart Devices in Communication
Part 1 - Interaction
Chapter 1 - New Distributed and Active Tools and Narrative Activities
Chapter 2 -
Smart Houses and Dependent People—Acceptability, Solvency and
International Tendencies
Chapter 3 -
Towards Multimodal Human-computer Dialogue by Intelligent
Agents
Chapter 4 - Multimodal Interaction on Mobile Artefacts
Chapter 5 - The Voice as a Means of Humanising Man-machine Interfaces
Part 2 - Software Infrastructure for Smart Devices/Ambient Intelligence
Chapter 6 - Introduction to a Middleware Framework
Chapter 7 -
A Model and Software Architecture for Location-management in
Smart Devices/Ambient Communication Environments
Chapter 8 -
A Software Infrastructure for Distributed Applications on Mobile
Physical Objects
Chapter 9 -
Integrating a Multimedia Player in a Network of Communicating
Objects
Chapter 10 - Reverse Localisation
Part 3 - Networking Technologies for Smart Objects
Chapter 11 - Wireless Techniques and Smart Devices
Chapter 12 - Wireless Local Area Networks
Chapter 13 - Radio Links in the Millimeter Wave Band
Chapter 14 - Propagation of Radio Waves Inside and Outside Buildings
Chapter 15 - Ad-Hoc Networks
Chapter 16 -
INDEED—High Rate Infrared Communications in the "Indoor"
Context
Chapter 17 - Artificial Materials for Protected Communications
Chapter 18 - Free-space Optical Communication Links
Part 4 - Evolution of Smart Devices
Chapter 19 - Mobile and Collaborative Augmented Reality
Chapter 20 -
Towards a Description of Information-seeking Tasks Contributing to
the Design of Communications Objects and Services
Chapter 21 - Making Context Explicit in Communicating Objects
Chapter 22 - Dynamic Links for Change-sensitive Interaction
Chapter 23 - Communicating Devices, Multimode Interfaces and Artistic Creation
Chapter 24 - Powering Communicating Objects
Conclusion—From "Things That Connect" to "Ambient Communication"
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Sidebars
3 Perspectives
What are the development prospects for the tools? The results indicate some inadequacies concerning
the use of the instruments by children in class which seem to us to be of interest. It seems to us that the
role of the teacher could better be supported by the Pogo system in particular with regard to the phases of
exploration and production. Mobile, portable and wire-less tools allowing the capture of moving images
and sound outside the classroom would enrich the quantity and quality of the experiments which the
children can record and re-use in creation of narrative. With regard to the narrative structuring, the system
seems to support and even improve the organisation of the history according to the Labov (1972) model.
We estimate however that an evolution of the tools with more open methods of use could enrich the
expressive potential of the children -a functionality of zoom and mobile camera. Compared with the
prototypal precedents the possibility of zooming to obtain large plans of the elements of scene and a
mobile camera allowing one to photograph the purposes of various points of sight offer to the children the
possibility of developing richer narration, varied at the visual level. They can highlight, for example, the
face of one character through a large plan or to change the catchment of sight into agreement with the
point of sight of the character, etc.
Our results also state that the use of the instruments does not seem to create interference with the activity
they being integrated into the existing instruments; the beamer for example becomes a scheme of work,
ideas collected outside or produced by children can be integrated in the system and to be thus developed.
Moreover, the instruments are simple to use. Each action generates an immediately visible effect (for
example creating purposes on the beamer is directly visible on the screen). The interactions are
connected by the physical purposes. Those make for simple actions (by avoiding screen menus for
example). These results return us to the concepts suggested by Norman (1998) concerning information
apparatuses, and to the fact that the tool is considered in the context of its way of supporting the task so
that it becomes an integral part of it, as if it were an extension natural of the person and his/her work. That
implies a specialisation of the function instrument as being in perfect agreement with the real needs of the
users, and the offer of a great simplicity and transparency. Each tool is simple, request its proper method
of operation. Each one must be learned, and to make it possible to carry out a specialised and appropriate
task. We approach the idea according to which, in the long term, the instruments will not be recognisable
any more in so much as they will form part of the task, so much that they will disappear from the sight and
consciousness of the people.
The distribution of the instruments in space seems to us also interesting. The use of the tablet directs us
towards a possible incorporation of the units mnemonic in the physical purposes and of their handling in
space (ie the possibility of transporting them, of re-using them in another space-time). Their handling of
information is extended to space and is not thus any more confined to one centralised unit. The
instruments also seem to us to go in the direction of one production located, the space of design and
recording being integrated into the context of handling and of construction of natural purposes of the
physical world suitable for children. These points testify thus to a movement towards an invisible
technology.
Communicating with Smart Objects: Developing
Technology for Usable Pervasive Computing Systems
by Claude Kintzig, Gerard Poulain, Gilles
Privat and Pierre-Noel Favennec (eds)
ISBN:1903996368
Kogan Page © 2003 (341 pages)
This text covers the role of smart devices in communication,
and includes software infrastructure for smart devices,
network technologies for smart objects, and evolution of
smart devices.
Table of Contents
Communicating with Smart Objects
Introduction—The Role of Smart Devices in Communication
Part 1 - Interaction
Chapter 1 - New Distributed and Active Tools and Narrative Activities
Chapter 2 -
Smart Houses and Dependent People—Acceptability, Solvency and
International Tendencies
Chapter 3 -
Towards Multimodal Human-computer Dialogue by Intelligent
Agents
Chapter 4 - Multimodal Interaction on Mobile Artefacts
Chapter 5 - The Voice as a Means of Humanising Man-machine Interfaces
Part 2 - Software Infrastructure for Smart Devices/Ambient Intelligence
Chapter 6 - Introduction to a Middleware Framework
Chapter 7 -
A Model and Software Architecture for Location-management in
Smart Devices/Ambient Communication Environments
Chapter 8 -
A Software Infrastructure for Distributed Applications on Mobile
Physical Objects
Chapter 9 -
Integrating a Multimedia Player in a Network of Communicating
Objects
Chapter 10 - Reverse Localisation
Part 3 - Networking Technologies for Smart Objects
Chapter 11 - Wireless Techniques and Smart Devices
Chapter 12 - Wireless Local Area Networks
Chapter 13 - Radio Links in the Millimeter Wave Band
Chapter 14 - Propagation of Radio Waves Inside and Outside Buildings
Chapter 15 - Ad-Hoc Networks
Chapter 16 -
INDEED—High Rate Infrared Communications in the "Indoor"
Context
Chapter 17 - Artificial Materials for Protected Communications
Chapter 18 - Free-space Optical Communication Links
Part 4 - Evolution of Smart Devices
Chapter 19 - Mobile and Collaborative Augmented Reality
Chapter 20 -
Towards a Description of Information-seeking Tasks Contributing to
the Design of Communications Objects and Services
Chapter 21 - Making Context Explicit in Communicating Objects
Chapter 22 - Dynamic Links for Change-sensitive Interaction
Chapter 23 - Communicating Devices, Multimode Interfaces and Artistic Creation
Chapter 24 - Powering Communicating Objects
Conclusion—From "Things That Connect" to "Ambient Communication"
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Sidebars
4 References
Eco, U. (1996) Six promenades dans le bois du roman et d'ailleurs . Grasset, Paris, France.
Gibson, J.G. (1977) The theory of affordances. In R.E. Shaw & J. Bransford (Eds.), Perceiving, acting
and knowing. Hillsdale, New Jersey, USA.
Labov, W. (1972) Language in the inner city. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, USA.
Norman, D.A. (1998) The invisible computer, MIT Press, Cambridge University Press, Massachussets,
USA.
Communicating with Smart Objects: Developing
Technology for Usable Pervasive Computing Systems
by Claude Kintzig, Gerard Poulain, Gilles
Privat and Pierre-Noel Favennec (eds)
ISBN:1903996368
Kogan Page © 2003 (341 pages)
This text covers the role of smart devices in communication,
and includes software infrastructure for smart devices,
network technologies for smart objects, and evolution of
smart devices.
Table of Contents
Communicating with Smart Objects
Introduction—The Role of Smart Devices in Communication
Part 1 - Interaction
Chapter 1 - New Distributed and Active Tools and Narrative Activities
Chapter 2 -
Smart Houses and Dependent People—Acceptability, Solvency and
International Tendencies
Chapter 3 -
Towards Multimodal Human-computer Dialogue by Intelligent
Agents
Chapter 4 - Multimodal Interaction on Mobile Artefacts
Chapter 5 - The Voice as a Means of Humanising Man-machine Interfaces
Part 2 - Software Infrastructure for Smart Devices/Ambient Intelligence
Chapter 6 - Introduction to a Middleware Framework
Chapter 7 -
A Model and Software Architecture for Location-management in
Smart Devices/Ambient Communication Environments
Chapter 8 -
A Software Infrastructure for Distributed Applications on Mobile
Physical Objects
Chapter 9 -
Integrating a Multimedia Player in a Network of Communicating
Objects
Chapter 10 - Reverse Localisation
Part 3 - Networking Technologies for Smart Objects
Chapter 11 - Wireless Techniques and Smart Devices
Chapter 12 - Wireless Local Area Networks
Chapter 13 - Radio Links in the Millimeter Wave Band
Chapter 14 - Propagation of Radio Waves Inside and Outside Buildings
Chapter 15 - Ad-Hoc Networks
Chapter 16 -
INDEED—High Rate Infrared Communications in the "Indoor"
Context
Chapter 17 - Artificial Materials for Protected Communications
Chapter 18 - Free-space Optical Communication Links
Part 4 - Evolution of Smart Devices
Chapter 19 - Mobile and Collaborative Augmented Reality
Chapter 20 -
Towards a Description of Information-seeking Tasks Contributing to
the Design of Communications Objects and Services
Chapter 21 - Making Context Explicit in Communicating Objects
Chapter 22 - Dynamic Links for Change-sensitive Interaction
Chapter 23 - Communicating Devices, Multimode Interfaces and Artistic Creation
Chapter 24 - Powering Communicating Objects
Conclusion—From "Things That Connect" to "Ambient Communication"
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Sidebars
Chapter 2: Smart Houses and Dependent PeopleAcceptability, Solvency and International Tendencies
Chantal Ammi, Department of Management, National Institute of Telecommunications, Evry,
France
1 Introduction
The appearance of new technologies has modified normal life. Home is becoming an intelligent open
space adapted to people who live inside and are able to accept new systems.
Integration of new technologies can help dependent people to stay at home as long as they want, and to
help reduce their feelings of dependence.