Climate change and adaptation

m

Climat e

Chang e an d

Adaptatio n

EDITE D BY Nei l Leary , Jame s Adejuwon ,

Vicent e Barros , Ia n Burton , Jyot i Kulkarn i

Climat e Chang e

a n d Adaptatio n

Edited by

Neil Leary, James Adejuwon, Vicente Barros,

Ian Burton, Jyoti Kulkarni and Rodel Lasco

DAI HOC THAI NGUYEN

T8UNGTAM HOC LIEU

earthscol n

m

publishing for a sustainable future

Londo n • Sterling, V A

First published in hardback by Earthscan in the UK and USA in 2008

Reprinted 2008

Paperback edition first published in 2009

Copyright © The International START Secretariat, 2008

All rights reserved

Climate Change and Adaptation: ISBN 978-1-84407-470-9 hardback

ISBN 978-1-84407-689-5 paperback

Climate Change and Vulnerability: ISBN 978-1-84407-469-3 hardback

ISBN 978-1-84407-688-8 paperback

Two-volume set: ISBN 978-1-84407-480-8 hardback

ISBN 978-1-84407-690-1 paperback

Typeset by FiSH Books, Enfield

Printed and bound in the UK by CPI Antony Rowe, Chippenham

Cover design by Susanne Harris

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A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Climate change and adaptation / edited by Neil Leary ... [et al.].

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references.

ISBN-13: 978-1-84407-470-9 (hardback)

ISBN-10: 1-84407-470-6 (hardback)

1. Climatic changes. 2. Climatic changes—Environmental aspects I . Leary, Neil.

QC981.8.C5C5113456 2007

304.2'5—dc22

The paper used for this book is FSC-cerrified. FSC

FSC (the Forest Stewardship Council) is an Mixed sources

international network to promote responsible

management of the world's forests.

2007023424

c*n no va-coc mi

Content s

List of figures and tables

Acknowledgements

Foreword by R. K. Pachauri

1 A stitch in time: General lessons from specific cases

Neil Leary, James Adejuwon, Vicente Barros, Punsalmaa Batima,

Bonizella Biagini, lan Burton, Suppakorn Chinvanno, Rex Cruz,

Daniel Dabi, Alain de Comarmond, Bill Dougherty, Pauline

Dube, Andrew Githeko, Ayman Abou Hadid, Molly Hellmuth,

Richard Kangalawe, Jyoti Kulkarni, Mahendra Kumar, Rodel

Lasco, Melchior Mataki, Mahmoud Medany, Mansour Mohsen,

Gustavo Nagy, Momodou Njie, Jabavu Nkomo, Anthony Nyong,

Balgis Osman-Elasha, El-Amin Sanjak, Roberto Seller, Michael

Taylor, Maria Travasso, Graham von Maltitz, Shem Wandiga and

Monica Wehbe

2 Adapting conservation strategies to climate change

in Southern Africa

Graham von Maltitz, Robert J. Scholes, Barend Erasmus and

Anthony Letsoalo

3 Benefits and costs of adapting water planning and management to

climate change and water demand growth in the Western Cape

of South Africa

]ohn M. Callaway, Daniel B. Louw, jabavu C. Nkomo,

Molly E. Hellmuth and Debbie A. Sparks

4 Indigenous knowledge, institutions and practices for coping

with variable climate in the Limpopo basin of Botswana

Opha Pauline Dube and Mogodisheng B. M. Sekhwela

5 Community development and coping with drought in rural Sudan

Balgis Osman-Elasha, Nagmeldin Goutbi, Erika Spanger-Stegfried,

Bill Dougherty, Ahmed Hanafi, Sumaya Zakieldeen,

El-Amin Sanjak, Hassan A. Atti and Hashim M. Elhassan

iv Climate Change and Adaptation

6 Climate, malaria and cholera in the Lake Victoria region: 109

Adapting to changing risks

Pius Yanda, Shem Wandiga, Richard Kangalawe, Maggie Opondo,

Dan Olago, Andrew Githeko, Tim Downs, Robert Kabumbuli,

Alfred Opere, Faith Githui, James Kathuri, Lydia Olaka,

Eugene Apindi, Michael Marshall, Laban Ogallo, Paul Mugambi,

Edward Kirumira, Robinah Nanyunja, Timothy Baguma,

Rehema Sigalla and Pius Achola

7 Making economic sense of adaptation in upland cereal production 131

systems in The Gambia

Momodou Njie, Bernard E. Gomez, Molly E. Hellmuth,

John M. Callaway, Buhu P. Jallow and Peter Droogers

8 Past, present and future adaptation by rural households 147

of northern Nigeria

Daniel D. Dabi, Anthony O. Nyong, Adebowale A. Adepetu

and Vincent I. Ihemegbulem

9 Using seasonal weather forecasts for adapting food production 163

to climate variability and climate change in Nigeria

James Oladipo Adejuwon, Theophilus Odeyemi Odekunle and

Mary Omoluke Omotayo

10 Adapting dryland and irrigated cereal farming to climate change 181

in Tunisia and Egypt

Raoudha Mougou, Ayman Abou-Hadid, Ana Iglesias, Mahmoud

Medany, Amel Nafti, Riadh Chetali, Mohsen Mansour and Helmy

Eid

11 Adapting to drought, zud and climate change in Mongolia's 196

rangelands

Punsalmaa Batima, Bat Bold, Tserendash Sainkhuu and

Myagmarjav Bavuu

12 Evaluation of adaptation options for the Heihe river basin 211

of China

Yongyuan Yin, Zhongming Xu and Aihua Long

13 Strategies for managing climate risks in the lower Mekong 228

river basin: A place-based approach

Suppakorn Chinvanno, Soulideth Souvannalath, Boontium

Lersupavithnapa, Vichien Kerdsuk and Nguyen Thuan

14 Spillovers and trade-offs of adaptation in the

Pantabangan-Carranglan watershed of the Philippines

Rodel D. Lasco, Rex Victor 0. Cruz, Juan M. Pulhin and

Florencia B. Pulhin

15 Top-down, bottom-up: Mainstreaming adaptation in Pacific

island townships

Melchior Mataki, Kanayathu Koshy and Veena Nair

16 Adapting to dengue risk in the Caribbean

Michael A. Taylor, Anthony Chen, Samuel Rawlins, Charmaine

Heslop-Thomas, Dharmaratne Amarakoon,

Wilma Bailey, Dave Chadee, Sherine Huntley, Cassandra Rhoden

and Roxanne Stennett

17 Adaptation to climate trends: Lessons from the Argentine

experience

Vicente Barros

18 Local perspectives on adaptation to climate change:

Lessons from Mexico and Argentina

Monica Wehbe, Hallie Eakin, Roberto Seiler, Marta Vinocur,

Cristian Avila, Cecilia Maurutto and Gerardo Sanchez Torres.

19 Maize and soybean cultivation in southeastern South America:

Adapting to climate change

Maria I. Travasso, Graciela O. Magrin, Walter E. Baethgen,

Jose P. Castaho, Gabriel R. Rodriguez, Jodo L. Pires, Agustin

Gimenez, Gilberto Cunha and Mauricio Fernandes

20 Fishing strategies for managing climate variability and change

in the estuarine front of the Rio de la Plata

Gustavo J. Nagy, Mario Bidegain, Ruben M. Caffera,

Walter Norbis, Alvaro Ponce, Valentina Pshennikov and

Dimitri N. Severov

List of contributors