Chip xử lý, điều khiển nhúng cấu trúc và phân loại

CNTT TRONG TDH

Chip xiT ly,

dieu khien nliung

Cau true va

Plian loai

TS. LlTU HONG VIET

Dai hoc Bach khoa Ha Noi

SU phat trien nhanh chdng eiia cac

chiing loai Chip kha trinh vdi mat dp tich

hdp cao da va dang cd mdt tac ddng dang

ke den si/ thay ddi trong viec thiet ke cae

nen phan cifng ciia thiet bi xvi ly va dieu

khien nhiing trong thap ky gan day. Mdi

chiing loai deu cd nhQng dac diem pham

vi ifng dung va ludn khdng ngu'ng phat

trien de dap ifng mdt each tdt nhat cac

yeu cau ifng dung. Bai viet nay gidl thieu

ngan gpn ve cac chiing loai chip xu' ly, dieu

khien nhung dien hinh dang tdn tai, phat

trien theo mdt sd dac tru'ng va hUdng

pham vi ifng dung ciia chiing.

Cd the thay si/ tdn tai riit da dang ciia

hang loat cae chiing loai Chip kha trinh cd

the su' dung cho eac bai toan thiet ke he

nhung. Phd bien hien nay la cae eac hp vi

x(i ly (VXL)/vi dieu khien (VOK) nhung

(em-bedded micro processor/microcon￾troller).

Chip OSP

(Oigita l

Signal Pro￾cesslng) ,

cac Chip kha

trinh tru'dng

(FPO - Field

Programmable

Device). Chung

ta d i bj liing tung

neu bat dau cdng

viec thiet ke bang

viec tim kiem mdt

Chip xu' ly dieu khien

phii hpp cho ifng dung. Vi vay, can

phai cd mdt hieu biet va sU phan biet nhiit

dinh ve dac diem ciiu triic, ifng dung cua

chiing khi lUa chpn cho giai phap thiet ke.

Ngoai ra eac thdng tin lien quan nhu' nha

cung ciip Chip, kien thifc bleu biet ve thiet

ke thi/e thi va cdng cu phat trien hd trp,

gia thanh... cung la dieu dang quan tam.

Chip HP/ wC nhung

Oay la mdt chiing loai rat dien hinh va

(Embedded Control Chip,

its Structure and Classification)

dang du'dc sif dung riit phd bien hien nay

[3], [4]. Chiing du'dc ra ddi va ifng dung

di/a tren nen tang ciia si/ phat trien Chip

xii ly ifng dung cho may tinh. Vi ddi tUdng

ifng dung la cac thiet bj nhiing nen cau

triic cung du'dc thay ddi theo de dap i/ng

mdt each linh hoat nhiit cac ifng dung

chuyen biet. Hien nay chiing ta ed the thay

cac hp VXL/ VOK cung cifp bdi cae nha che

tao nhu', Intel, Atmel, Microchip, Motorola,

Infineon... Ve ciiu triic, chiing ke thu'a

nguyen ly cae Chip x(( ly phat trien cho PC

nhUng d mife dp ddn gian hdn nhieu ve

cdng nang va tai nguyen. Phd bien van la

cac Chip 8 bit, 16 bit, va 32 bit. Ve ban

chat ciiu triic, chip vi dieu khien la chip vl

xd ly dupe tich hdp them cac ngeal vi. Cae

ngoai vi thu'dng la cac khdi chufe nang

thdng dung nhu' bd djnh thdi gian, bd

dem, bd chuyen ddi A/D, giao dien song

song, ndi tiep... Mife dp tich hdp ngoai vi

cung da dang. Tu'/ thupc vao muc dich

ifng dung se cd the tim du'dc Chip phu

hdp. Thi/c te vdi cac ifng dung yeu eau dp

tich hdp cao se sif dung giai phap tich hpp

tren Chip. Tuy nhien, hau het cae Chip deu

CPU Khoi giai ma dja chi

vii dl4u khl^n Logic

T-sr

1

BQnha

Bus Oja chi

Bus DO lieu

VV-f V -f

Bus Ol6u khiAn

Ngofl vi

VV-f V •^v

Hinh 1: Kien triic dien hinh cua VDK

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h 32 TIT DONG HOA NGAY NAY • (S6 10/2009)