Chế tạo cơ quan - phủ tạng

I TS Anthony Atala lay mdt miu tu

I bang quang cua benh nhan c

I tao lai

E^^ an hay tudng tUong trong mpt tUdng lai khdng

m ^x a ngudi ta biet each che tao cac ctf quan tang

^ ^ ^ phu theo yfiu ciu, Cin mpt trai tim, mdt la

phoi hay mpt qua than, chi can dat hang cho labo de

hp tdng hop ra mpt cd quan hay phu tang tfl chinh

te' bao ciia ban. Dieu do thUc sU sfi la mpt cupc each

mang! Hien nay, each thflc duy nhat de thay thfi' mot

cd quan cua ngudi benh la ghep cd quan cua ngUdi

cho (ehe't hay sd'ng). Tuy nhien, nhflng ngUdi tinh

nguyen hie'n tang khong cd nhieu. Vao ndm 2012,

cd de'n 17.000 ngudi can ghep tang nhung chi ed hdn

5.000 ngudi dUdc ghep. Va mdi nam, gan 300 benh

nhdn tfl vong vi thieu tang phu de ghep.

Che' tao cd quan phu tang tai labo cho phep lap

day chd trong nay cung nhu tranh dUdc phan flng

thai trfl, Khi ghep mdt cd quan vao cd the thi cd

quan dd tra thanh vat la dd'i vdi cd the ngUdi dUdc

ghep va phan flng miln dich xdy ra. De tranh phan

u^g dd, bit bupc phai sfl dung thuo'c flc che miln

dich suo't ddi. Vd thudc dieu tn khdng phai luc ndo

Che tao

Ban CO nhu clu thay mot qu& than hay can

mpt trai tim hoan toan mdi? Se kh6ng con

la chuyen khoa hpc gia tifdng ma cac labo

se che tao cho ban theo dung kich cd ci!ia

tdng ngirdi, tif cac td bao ri6ng ciSa ban. Mpi

chuyen dang tren da tien budc!

cung cd hieu qua 100% ma cdn cd kha ndng gdy ra

phan flng phu nguy hiem.

Mot trong nhij^ig cdch thflc de xoay chuyen tinh

the la che tao ed quan tang phu "lap ghep" vdi chinh

te' bao cua ngUdi dfldc ghep tang. Y tUdng dd thdt hip

din khien cho nhilu labo lao vdo dfl an ndy. Tfl nam

1999, TS. Anthony Atala thudc Vien Y khoa tdi tao

"Wake Forest", Hoa Ky, da tdi tao thanh cdng 7 bdng

quang boat dpng dUdc va da ghep cho benh nhan.

Ky thudt che tao nhu the ndo?

Trudc tifin, TS. Anthony Atala tdi eau true bd

khung cua bdng quang roi sau dd phu cac te' bdo len

tren. Tat ca cae thdnh phin eua cd thi chung ta, tfl

cai ddn gian nha't la mach mau cho den cdc tang

phu phflc tap, diu ed eung mdt dang bfi khung; dd Id

khung protein, tao ra vdc dang cua tang phu va cho

phep cac te bao gdn Ifin tren. Nhd nghien cflu da hieu

chinh khung nay bdng mpt loai gel ma khi khd se

hoan hao gid'ng nhu that, dUdc gpi la "ma trdn". Bdng

each dd, labo co the tao ra dUdc "ban sao" cd quan

tang phu thich hop eho tiftig benh nhdn. Mfit khi da

cd dupc bd khung, TS. Anthony Atala lay ra mpt mau

tfl bang quang eua bfinh nhan de chon ra mdt so t l

bao, dupc gpi la "tien bao" (precursor). Cdc t l bdo ndy

tao ra mpt loai du trfl trong cac tang phii ciia chflng

ta. Chung cd kha nang nhdn ban va sfla chfla cdc tin

thUdng nho bdng edeh thay the' cac te' bao chfi't.

Tai lao lo tai (dudi) va khi quan (tren)

28 THUOC & SLfC KHOE so 491 (01.01.2014)