Cancer sourcebook for women

Omnigraphics’ Health Reference Series

Helping the Layperson Understand, Manage,

and Avoid Serious Illness

Omnigraphics’ Health Reference Series is designed for the general reader

seeking guidance on how to avoid serious illness by following preventive

lifestyles and recognizing early warning signs. It also supports the layperson

who has received a diagnosis of a serious disease or disorder as well as the

family member or nonprofessional caregiver who must learn to care and

to cope with the illness. Each volume in the series deals comprehensively

with a particular area of medical concern and contains material found in

publications issued by the National Institutes of Health and other agencies

and associations. Nowhere else can general readers find this information

conveniently collected, coordinated, and indexed in book form.

Cancer Sourcebook for Women, Fourth Edition

According to the National Cancer Institute, cancer continues to take a

devastating toll. Among women in the United States, cancer is the secondleading cause of death after heart disease. Medical researchers fighting

against cancer have made significant progress, however. In recent years,

cancer incidence rates have been stable, and—although the annual rate of

decline in cancer death rates among men have been twice as large as the

declines in women—mortality has decreased for ten of the top 15 cancers

in women. With improved cancer screening programs and innovative treatments, women receiving a cancer diagnosis today have a better chance of

overcoming their disease than ever before.

Cancer Sourcebook for Women, Fourth Edition offers updated information

about gynecologic cancers and other cancers of special concern to women,

including breast cancer, cancers of the female reproductive organs, and

cancers responsible for the highest number of deaths in women. It explains

cancer risks—including lifestyle factors, inherited genetic abnormalities, and

hormonal medications—and methods used to diagnose and treat cancer.

Practical suggestions for coping with the treatment side effects are provided,

and a section on cancer survivorship discusses methods for maintaining

quality of life during and after treatment. The book concludes with a glossary

of cancer-related terms, a directory of resources, and facts about locating

support groups.

P.O. Box 31-1640

Detroit, MI 48231

Phone: 800-234-1340

Fax: 800-875-1340

www.omnigraphics.com

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Fourth Edition

Cancer

Sourcebook

for Women

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Cancer

Sour

cebook

for Women

Bellenir

Omnigraphics

Health

Reference

Series

4th Edition

■

Basic Consumer Health Information about Gynecologic

Cancers and Other Cancers of Special Concern to Women,

Including Cancers of the Breast, Cervix, Colon, Lung,

Ovaries, Thyroid, and Uterus

Along with Facts about Benign Conditions of the

Female Reproductive System, Cancer Risk Factors,

Screening and Prevention Programs, Women’s Issues in

Cancer Treatment and Survivorship, Research Initiatives,

a Glossary of Cancer Terms, and a Directory of Resources

for Additional Help and Information

Edited by

Karen Bellenir

Health Reference Series

ISBN 978-0-7808-1139-3

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Cancer

SOURCEBOOK

for Women

Fourth Edition

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Health Reference Series

Fourth Edition

Cancer

SOURCEBOOK

for Women

Basic Consumer Health Information about Gynecologic

Cancers and Other Cancers of Special Concern to Women,

Including Cancers of the Breast, Cervix, Colon, Lung,

Ovaries, Thyroid, and Uterus

Along with Facts about Benign Conditions of the

Female Reproductive System, Cancer Risk Factors,

Screening and Prevention Programs, Women’s Issues

in Cancer Treatment and Survivorship, Research

Initiatives, a Glossary of Cancer Terms, and a

Directory of Resources for Additional Help

and Information

Edited by

Karen Bellenir

P.O. Box 31-1640, Detroit, MI 48231

Bibliographic Note

Because this page cannot legibly accommodate all the copyright notices, the Bibliographic

Note portion of the Preface constitutes an extension of the copyright notice.

Edited by Karen Bellenir

Health Reference Series

Karen Bellenir, Managing Editor

David A. Cooke, MD, FACP, Medical Consultant

Elizabeth Collins, Research and Permissions Coordinator

Cherry Edwards, Permissions Assistant

EdIndex, Services for Publishers, Indexers

* * *

Omnigraphics, Inc.

Matthew P. Barbour, Senior Vice President

Kevin M. Hayes, Operations Manager

* * *

Peter E. Ruffner, Publisher

ISBN 978-0-7808-1139-3

Electronic or mechanical reproduction, including photography, recording, or any other information storage and retrieval system for the purpose of resale is strictly prohibited without

permission in writing from the publisher.

The information in this publication was compiled from the sources cited and from other

sources considered reliable. While every possible effort has been made to ensure reliability,

the publisher will not assume liability for damages caused by inaccuracies in the data,

and makes no warranty, express or implied, on the accuracy of the information contained

herein.

This book is printed on acid-free paper meeting the ANSI Z39.48 Standard. The infinity

symbol that appears above indicates that the paper in this book meets that standard.

Printed in the United States

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Cancer sourcebook for women : basic consumer health information about

gynecologic cancers and other cancers of special concern to women, including

cancers of the breast, cervix, colon, lung, ovaries, thyroid, and uterus;

along with facts about benign conditions of the female reproductive system,

cancer risk factors, screening and prevention programs, women's issues in

cancer treatment ... / edited by Karen Bellenir. -- 4th ed.

p. cm.

Summary: "Provides basic consumer health information about risk factors,

prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancers of concern to women.

Includes index, glossary of related terms, and other resources"--Provided by

publisher.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-0-7808-1139-3 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Generative organs,

Female--Popular works. 2. Cancer in women--Popular works. I. Bellenir,

Karen.

RC280.G5C34 2010

616.99'40082--dc22

2010027636

Table of Contents

Visit www.healthreferenceseries.com to view A Contents Guide to the

Health Reference Series, a listing of more than 15,000 topics and the

volumes in which they are covered.

Preface .......................................................................................... xiii

Part I: Understanding Cancer Risks in Women

Chapter 1—What Women Need to Know about Cancer ............... 3

Chapter 2—Common Gynecologic Conditions That

Are Not Indicative of Cancer ................................... 13

Chapter 3—Does Cancer Run in Your Family? ........................... 27

Chapter 4—What Women Need to Know about Smoking

and Cancer Risk ....................................................... 35

Section 4.1—Smoking and Cancer ...................... 36

Section 4.2—Questions and Answers ................. 39

about Women and Smoking

Section 4.3—Smoking Cessation ......................... 42

Chapter 5—Facts about Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

and Cancer Risk ....................................................... 47

Section 5.1—HPV Facts ....................................... 48

Section 5.2—HPV Prevalence in

U.S. Women ..................................... 52

Section 5.3—Questions and Answers about

the HPV Vaccine ............................. 54

Chapter 6—Cancer Risks Associated with

Hormonal Medications ........................................... 63

Section 6.1—Oral Contraceptives

and Cancer Risk ......................... 64

Section 6.2—Menopausal Hormone

Replacement Therapy

Use and Cancer .......................... 68

Section 6.3—Diethylstilbestrol Exposure

and Cancer Risk ......................... 76

Part II: Breast Cancer

Chapter 7—What You Need to Know about

Breast Cancer ......................................................... 85

Chapter 8—Understanding the Risk

of Breast Cancer ..................................................... 97

Section 8.1—Probability of Breast Cancer

in American Women ................... 98

Section 8.2—Breast Cancer Risk and

Protective Factors..................... 100

Section 8.3—Alcohol and Breast Cancer

Risk ........................................... 105

Chapter 9—Genes Associated with Breast Cancer ................. 109

Chapter 10—Breast Cancer Screening...................................... 125

Chapter 11—Staging and Treating Breast Cancer................... 131

Chapter 12—Breast Cancer Treatment and Pregnancy........... 141

Part III: Gynecologic Cancers

Chapter 13—Cervical Cancer..................................................... 149

Section 13.1—Understanding

Cervical Cancer ........................ 150

Section 13.2—How Does Your Doctor

Know You Have Cervical

Cancer? ..................................... 154

Section 13.3—Staging and Treating

Cervical Cancer ........................ 162

vii

Chapter 14—Endometrial Cancer.............................................. 167

Section 14.1—Understanding

Endometrial Cancer................. 168

Section 14.2—Endometrial Cancer

Screening .................................. 172

Section 14.3—Staging and Treating

Endometrial Cancer................. 174

Chapter 15—Gestational Trophoblastic

Tumors .................................................................. 181

Chapter 16—Ovarian Cancer..................................................... 187

Section 16.1—What You Need to Know

about Ovarian Cancer.............. 188

Section 16.2—Ovarian Germ Cell

Tumors...................................... 197

Section 16.3—Ovarian Epithelial

Cancer....................................... 202

Section 16.4—Ovarian Low Malignant

Potential Tumors...................... 205

Section 16.5—Oral Contraceptives

Reduce Long-Term Risk

of Ovarian Cancer .................... 208

Section 16.6—Ovarian Epithelial

Tumors Traced to

Fallopian Tubes ........................ 210

Section 16.7—Removal of Ovaries

and Fallopian Tubes

Cuts Cancer Risk for

BRCA1/2 Carriers .................... 211

Chapter 17—Uterine Cancer...................................................... 213

Section 17.1—Understanding Cancer

of the Uterus............................. 214

Section 17.2—Staging and Treating

Uterine Sarcoma ...................... 217

Chapter 18—Vaginal Cancer...................................................... 223

Chapter 19—Vulvar Cancer ....................................................... 231

viii

Part IV: Other Cancers of Special Concern to Women

Chapter 20—Anal Cancer........................................................... 241

Chapter 21—Colorectal Cancer.................................................. 247

Section 21.1—Cancers of the Colon

and Rectum............................... 248

Section 21.2—Staging and Treating

Cancer of the Colon.................. 252

Section 21.3—Staging and Treating

Cancer of the Rectum............... 258

Chapter 22—Gallbladder and Bile Duct Cancer....................... 263

Chapter 23—Lung Cancer.......................................................... 273

Section 23.1—What You Need to Know

about Lung Cancer................... 274

Section 23.2—Staging and Treating Small

Cell Lung Cancer...................... 279

Section 23.3—Staging and Treating

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer... 283

Chapter 24—Pancreatic Cancer................................................. 289

Section 24.1—What You Need to Know

about Pancreatic Cancer.......... 290

Section 24.2—Staging and Treating

Pancreatic Cancer .................... 294

Chapter 25—Skin Cancer........................................................... 299

Section 25.1—Facts about Skin Cancer.......... 300

Section 25.2—Can Skin Cancer Be

Prevented? ................................ 305

Section 25.3—Diagnosing and Treating

Melanoma ................................. 308

Section 25.4—Diagnosing and Treating

Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers ... 313

Chapter 26—Thyroid Cancer ..................................................... 319

Section 26.1—What You Need to Know

about Thyroid Cancer............... 320

Section 26.2—Staging and Treating

Thyroid Cancer......................... 325

Part V: Diagnosing and Treating Cancer

Chapter 27—You and Your Healthcare Team............................ 335

Section 27.1—How to Find a Doctor

or Treatment Facility

If You Have Cancer................... 336

Section 27.2—How to Be a Proactive

Patient....................................... 345

Section 27.3—How to Get a Second

Opinion ..................................... 349

Chapter 28—Diagnosing Cancer................................................ 351

Section 28.1—Commonly Used Diagnostic

Tests and Procedures ............... 352

Section 28.2—What to Expect During

a Biopsy..................................... 356

Section 28.3—Colposcopy ................................ 360

Section 28.4—Loop Electrosurgical

Excision Procedure................... 364

Section 28.5—Questions and Answers

about Tumor Markers .............. 367

Chapter 29—What Do Your Cancer Test Results Mean?.......... 371

Section 29.1—Understanding a Pathology

Report ....................................... 372

Section 29.2—Questions and Answers

about Cancer Staging............... 376

Section 29.3—Questions and Answers

about Tumor Grades ................ 381

Chapter 30—Commonly Used Surgical Procedures for

Women with Cancer.............................................. 385

Section 30.1—Hysterectomy............................ 386

Section 30.2—Mastectomy............................... 393

Section 30.3—Oophorectomy........................... 407

Section 30.4—Laparoscopy.............................. 410

Section 30.5—Cryosurgery .............................. 412

Chapter 31—Chemotherapy....................................................... 417

Chapter 32—Radiation Therapy ................................................ 423

Chapter 33—Bone Marrow and Peripheral Blood

Stem Cell Transplantation................................... 435

Chapter 34—Biological Therapies for Cancer ........................... 445

Chapter 35—Laser Treatment and Photodynamic

Therapy ................................................................. 453

Chapter 36—If You Are Considering Complementary

and Alternative Medicine Treatments

for Cancer.............................................................. 459

Chapter 37—Cancer Clinical Trials........................................... 469

Part VI: Coping with the Side Effects of Cancer and

Cancer Treatments

Chapter 38—Nausea and Vomiting ........................................... 485

Chapter 39—Gastrointestinal Effects of Cancer Treatment .... 491

Chapter 40—Controlling Cancer-Related Pain ......................... 505

Chapter 41—Lymphedema......................................................... 519

Chapter 42—The Effects of Cancer Treatments

on Blood Cells ....................................................... 529

Section 42.1—Anemia...................................... 530

Section 42.2—Neutropenia.............................. 532

Section 42.3—Thrombocytopenia.................... 537

Chapter 43—Fever, Sweats, and Hot Flashes ........................... 541

Chapter 44—Treatment-Related Neuropathy........................... 547

Chapter 45—Cancer Treatment and Physical Appearance...... 557

Section 45.1—Hair Loss (Alopecia)................. 558

Section 45.2—Nail and Skin Care................... 560

Chapter 46—Cognitive-Related Effects

of Cancer Treatment............................................. 563

Chapter 47—Fighting Cancer Fatigue....................................... 569

Part VII: Women’s Issues in Cancer Survivorship

Chapter 48—Living with Cancer ............................................... 579

Section 48.1—Cancer Changes Everything.... 580

Section 48.2—Tips for Cancer Patients .......... 587

Chapter 49—Eating Well When You Have Cancer.................... 589

Chapter 50—Exercising During Cancer Treatment

and Beyond............................................................ 595

Chapter 51—Coping with the Emotions of Cancer ................... 601

Chapter 52—Talking to Your Children about Cancer............... 609

Chapter 53—Sexuality and Reproductive Issues

among Women with Cancer.................................. 615

Section 53.1—Renewing Intimacy and

Sexuality after Gynecologic

Cancer....................................... 616

Section 53.2—Cancer and Fertility

Preservation ............................. 621

Section 53.3—Pregnancy and Cancer ............. 624

Chapter 54—Taking Charge of Your Follow-Up Care............... 629

Part VIII: Additional Help and Information

Chapter 55—Glossary of Cancer Terms..................................... 635

Chapter 56—Resources for More Information

about Cancer in Women ....................................... 649

Chapter 57—How to Find a Cancer Support Group ................. 663

Index........................................................................................... 671

xiii

Preface

About This Book

According to the National Cancer Institute, cancer continues to take

a devastating toll. Among women in the United States, cancer is the

second-leading cause of death after heart disease. Medical researchers

fighting against cancer have made significant progress, however. In

recent years, cancer incidence rates have been stable, and—although

the annual rate of decline in cancer death rates among men have been

twice as large as the declines in women—mortality has decreased for

ten of the top 15 cancers in women. With improved cancer screening

programs and innovative treatments, women receiving a cancer diagnosis today have a better chance of overcoming their disease than

ever before.

Cancer Sourcebook for Women, Fourth Edition offers updated information about gynecologic cancers and other cancers of special

concern to women, including breast cancer, cancers of the female reproductive organs, and cancers responsible for the highest number of

deaths in women. It explains cancer risks—including lifestyle factors,

inherited genetic abnormalities, and hormonal medications—and

methods used to diagnose and treat cancer. Practical suggestions for

coping with the treatment side effects are provided, and a section on

cancer survivorship discusses methods for maintaining quality of life

during and after treatment. The book concludes with a glossary of

cancer-related terms, a directory of resources, and facts about locating support groups.

Thư viện tri thức trực tuyến

Cancer sourcebook for women

Nội dung xem thử

Mô tả chi tiết

Tài liệu tương tự (6)

Tài liệu Cancer Pain Management: A perspective from the British Pain Society, supported by the

CANCER AND THE ENVIRONMENT: What You Need to Know What You Can Do doc

Cancer as a metabolic disease pdf

Cancer Screening Colorectal Cancer Breast Cancer ppt

cancer stem cells theories and practice_part1 pps

cancer stem cells theories and practice_part9 docx