Cảm thụ văn chương trong dạy văn theo quy trình ba tầng cấu trúc

CAM THU VAN CHUONG TRONG DAY VAN

TWEO QVVTTIWH BATAM G CAVTRV C

O TRUONG DiNH'

Cgm thy vdn chuong Id ydu edu khong th i thilu

v l ndng luc ddi vdi gido vidn (GV) dqy van

kd hqc sinh (HS} hgc vdn, ddng thdi Id hieu

qud cudi cung the hien ehd't luqng dqy hgc van.

Hien nay, d nhieu GV, ndng lye ndy edn rdt bdt

cdp; v l phia HS, ede em ngdy edng chdn hgc vdn vi

khong dgt dugc hieu ciud trdn vd vi hgc vdn md

khdng cdm nhdn dugc dde trung bq mdn so vdi cdc

mdn hgc khde. Cdm thy vdn chuong theo quy ludt

bo tdng cdu true (BTCT): di tu ngdn tCr (A} qua hinh

tuqng (B) den ndi dung y nghta (C) khdng mdi, nhung

cdn duqc dqt Igi mot cdch sdu sde hon.

1. Thue trgng: Cd th i khdi qudt cdc kieu phdn

tich vdn cOa GV theo gdc nhin BTCT hien nay nhu

sou: 1) Chi phot hien (A) vd quy kit ngay (C), ddn

de'n dp dgt y nghta, khdng giup HS hieu tgi sao

(A) Igi ddn den (C); 2) Chi phdt hien (B) rdi dp dgt

y nghta (C}, ddn den khdng djnh mdt (B) ed khi

khdng phdi cua (C); 3) Tu mdt y nghta vd dodn,

ydu edu HS ehimg minh bdng (A), ddn den dgy

vdn theo kieu minh hog; 4) Tfiodt li vide phdn h'ch

tu BTCT, dan di n suy diin theo «chu nghta hien

thuc ngdy tho" (ddi cnieu vdn vdi ddi sdng di gidi

thich von bdn); 5) Khdng bilt su dyng hgp li quan

hd BTCT, Idm rdi logn quy ludt edm thy vdn chuong,

khdng hinh thdnh duqc kt ndng.

Chdng hqn, mot so kilu cdu hdi vd mdnh de

nhu sou duqc dua ra khi phdn tfeh bdi «Cdnb

khuya" (Hd Chi Minh): / ; Hay cho biet K> «nhu

ve" (A) th i hien edm xuc hqi hoq (C) cuo nhd tho

the ndo?; 2) Phep so sdnh (B) d cdu 1 noi Idn

nhung rung dgng finh te (C) cua nhd tho nhu the

ndo?; 3) Ve dep tho mgng ciia cdnh khuya (C)

t h i hien d cac ti> ndo? (A); 4) O Viet Bdc, trong

dem khuya ludn co fie'ng hdt vdng tu xa eua bq

ddi hod lan vdo tid'ng nude sud'i reo (!); 5) TCr

ndo (A} ndi Idn ve dep tho mgng cua cdnh khuya

( 0 ? Cdc Kr dd (A) tgi sao cd the ndi dd su dyng

phep so sdnh (B)? Phep so sdnh do (B) th i hien a

cac tu ndo? (A). Cdc cdu hdi nhu vqy, neu dugc

Idp di lap Iqi se khong hinh thdnh duge d HS kt

ndng cdm thy theo diing quy luqt cua BTCT.

2. Co sd If ludn eua BTCT

1) Ca so li lugn vdn bgc. Vdn ban vdn

chuong boo gdm ndi dung vd hinh thue. Dgc diem

cua thuyd't minh nghe thudt ndm trong md'i quon

he duge xde lap gii/a ndi dung vd hinh thi/c. Hinh

thue vdn chuong oao gdm hinn thuc ben ngodi Id

ngdn Kr (A) vd hinh thde ben Kong (B). Hinh thi/c

bdn Kong Id cdc phuong dien nghe thugt ve ngdn

Kr, kit ed'u, dilm nhin trdn thudt, xdy dyng tinh

cdch nhdn vdt, v.v... kieh thich sylidnKrdng, h/dng

Krong eua ngudi dqe h> do suy ro y nghta h/ h;dng.

Ld'y cdu tho ddu trong bdi «Cdnb khuya" Idm vi

dy: neu chi dqc edu tho Idn, ta chf mdi tiep can ve

phuong dien ngu phdp thudn tijy (Cdu chu - vj -

bd}. Tu hinh thi/c oen ngodi dy, edn lidn tudng,

tudng tugng de thdy tinh nghe thudt cuo phep so

sdnh cdn bang - tudng minh, bdt ngd md khdng

bdt ngd cuo cdu tho vd phep dn dy ehuyen doi

cdm gidc cua chu the sdng tgo («trong" - ti> dn

tuqng thj gidc chuyen ddi song d'n K/qng thfnh gidc}

t h i hien sy tinh te eua tam hdn cua nhd tho. D6 Id

hinh thuc bdn trong ddn den y nghta tu K/dng. Do

id «bf dn" ciia ngdn Kr nghe thugt md chi bdng

kinh nghiem thdm mt mdi phdt hien dugc, nhung

d l \u do di din y nghta vdn chuong iqi cdn phdi

ed quon dilm tu tudng thdm mt vCrng ehdc.

2} Co sd tdm it bgc. Tdm li hqe nghe thudt

eho rdng, ehi ed edm thy duqc hinh thirc bdn Kong

mdi thyc sy Id cdm thy nghe thudt. Dd'i voi cde

mdn nghe thudt nhu Hqi hga. Am nhqe, Didu

khdc... sucdm thy thudng do tryc gidc (perception}

- mdu sde, dm dieu, hinh khd'i... edn vdi vdn

chuong Iqi phdi quo ngdn tir nghe thudt vdn rdt

gidu y nghta, ddi khi hinh Krqng sdng tgo ed the

giup ta thd'y dugc Kong dd mdu sde, dm nhgc vd

hinh khd'i nhu ddng chi Trudng Chinh dd noi.

Ndng luc dd thugc v l vo thuc, nhung Id cdi «v6

thuc ed th i y thi>e duqc". Tdm If hge nghe thuqt

cung cho rdng, ndng lue phdt hien nghe thudt

ngdn \u khong chi h> nhin (hay dgc) md cdn tu

* Tnrang fiai boc sir pliam - Dai lioc Hue

Tap chi Giao due s6 27 7 (ki i . vaoiai