Cải tiến hệ canh tác lúa cạn tại Ea Súp, Đắk Lắk

KHOA HOC CbNG NGHfi

CAI TIEIXi HE CAIXIH TAC LUA CAIXI TAI EA SUP, DAK LAK

Ddo Minh S6\ Nguydn Tidn Hdi^

VQ van Quf, TrIn Anh VQ^

T6MTAT

San xudt liia can Id hd canh tac chu Ipc tai huydn Ea Slip, D ^ Lik vdi hing chuc ngjin ha dupe canh tac mdi

nam. Do vay, lam thd ndo dd tang hidu qua canh tdc trdn ddt liia can ludn Id cdu hdi biic thidt ddi vdi ngudi

ddn va chinh quydn so tai. Bdn canh bidn phap cai tidn gidng va qui trinh canh tac liia can thi vide bd tri

thdm mpt vu cay trong trdn ddt liia cdn dupe tinh ddn. Ddi voi vimg ddt nude trdi, khd khan vd giao thdng

tai Ea Slip, su dung cay mau ngan ngdy, chiu ban nhu ddu xanh hoac vimg dd luan canh vdi liia can Id hpp

ly. Ddu xanh Id cay thdng dung a ddy va diing thii hai vd didn tich cdy hang nam sau liia, nhung ludn canh

d$u xanh + liia can chua pho bidn. Cdy viing it dupe bidt ddn tai Ea Slip vdi chi mpt vai ndng hd ca bidt

trong tren cac thira rupng thtra, le hodc dat trk vu. Kdt qua nghidn ctiu cai tien hd canh tac liia can tad Ea

Slip trong hai nam (2009-2010) cho bidt ndng sudt cac cdy trdng trong cdng thiic thii nghidm tang cao so

vdi ky thudt ciia ndng dan, dat 15,8 - 40% trdn liia vd 62,5 - 81,1% trdn ddu xanh. Gia ndng san, kd ddn la nang

sudt cdy trong. Id hai ydu td chinh anh huong ddn lpi ich kinh td ctia hd canh tac liia can. Vdi mdt bdng gid

nam 2009, cdng thiic 1 vu liia can/ndm vdi gidng mdi (LC227 vd IJC408) vd ky thudt bdn phdn cai tidn Id

hidu qua nhdt Cdng thiic cai tidn ddu xanh vu 1 + liia can vy 2 la uu tti nhdt a thdi didm nam 2010 vdi cac

thdng sd kinh td gian tidp nhu: HQVF, HQLD, TSLN vd MBCR ddu dat dit cao, tim nhdp dat 35 tr.d/ha,

trong dd lpi nhudn hon 20 tr.d, Id con sd rdt cd y nghia trong mdi trudng canh tac khd khan t?u Ea Slip.

Tir khda; Nude trdi, cai tidn, cdng thiic thii nghidm, ley thuit ndng din, Igi ich kinh td, luin canh, nhdm ciy

mau ngan ngiy.

L DAT VAN D£ ^^ ^ '*^ ^^'^ '^^'^'^ ^^" ^ ^^ ^"P ^^ ^^ ™^* ^^ "^^"^ . , , hd cd bidt trdng trdn cdc thiia rudng tiiira, le hodc dit

Ea Slip la huydn bidn gidi phia tdy bdc cua tinh ^g ^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^ ^^^ j^ ^ ^^ ^

Ddk Uk cd didn tich ddt til nhidn 1765^63 km^^dri ^^^ '^^ ^^ ^.^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^ ^^ ^« . ^^^^ ^ ^^.

sd 64.430 ngudi, ngtrdi ttiidu so chidm khoang 37%. ti ^^ ^.. j ^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^ ^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^

Id hd nghdo cdn ddn 44,4% tong so hp fe)dn huydn ,^ ^ ^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^p^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^

(UBND huydn Ea Slip, 2010). Ddy Id huydn vung ^^^ ^.^^ ^.^ ^ ^ ^^^ ^^ ^ ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^

sdu, tdp tiling nhidu dan di cu tir cdc tinh midn nui ^.^^^ j^ ^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^.^ ^ ^ ^^ ^^^ ^^ ^

phia Bdc. trong dd da so la ngudi ddn toe tiiidu so ^^ ^^ j . ^^^'^^^^^ j^dng nam. Ddy Id nhiing nguydn

ndn didu kidn kinh td vd tiinh dp hpc van cua dan cu ^^ j ^ ^j^^ ^^ ^ ^^^ j^ ^ ^ ^^ ^ ^ ^^ ^^ g „ ^

cdn rIt tiilp so vai mdt bang chung cua linh Ea Sup ^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^ ^ ^^ ^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ y ^^ ^l^^p „g^

dia phuong d p huydn cd didn tich ti-ong lua lorn nhlt ^^^ ^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^ j^ . ^^ ^ ^ 1^^^ ^^^^

khu vuc Tdy Nguydn voi gan 12 ngdn ha dat san xuat ^ ^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^ ^j ^ p^ ^^y^ ^j ^

(NGTK Ddk lik, 2010), chidm han 50% didn tich cdy ^ ^^^ ^^ ^j ^ ^ j^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^ ^ ^^ ^^p^

hdng ndm ngdn ngdy ciia huy^n. Mdc du lua Id cdy ^^p ^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^ ^ ^^^ ^^^ ^ ^ ^ ^

chii lire nhung ddc tiimg ciia hd canh tdc vin Id hd ^ ^^ ^ ^^^^ gi6i tai Ea Slip Id hdt stic biic tiiidt vd

tiidng cdy trdng can hdng ndm do ltia ti-dng ti-dn can ^^ ^ ^^^ ^ j^^ . ^^ ^.^^ ^^ ^ ^^^^ B^„ ^ ^ bidn

chidm da phdn (65,2%) vd ngdy cdng cd xu hudmg gia p^^^p ^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^ q^. ^^ ^^^ ^^ 1^^ ^ t^i

tdng didn tich do tiiidu nude hidi. ^.^^ ^^ ^ ^^^ ^^^ ^ ^^ ^^^^ trdn dit ltia cIn

San xult ltia can Id hd canh tdc chu luc tgi huydn dupe tinh ddn. Ddi vdi vting dit nude ti-di, khd khan

Ea Slip, Ddk Ldk vdi gin tdm ngan ha dit canh tdc. yd giao tiidng tai Ea Slip, str dung cdy mdu ngdn

Ddu xanh Id cdy tiidng dting or ddy vd dting tiiti hai vd ngdy, chiu han nhu ddu xanh hodc vimg dd ludn canh

didn tich cdy hdng nam (6.700 ha) sau liia, nhung vdi ltia can Id hpp ly.

ludn canh ddu xanh + ltia can chua phd bidn. Cdy L Npi DURE VA HiUONG PHAP NGH^V CUU

'Vien KHKT Ndng nghilpmi^n Nam 1. NOi dmig vd phuong phdp nghidn ah.

^ Tnrdng D?i hpc Ndng Lam TPHCM

N6N G NGHIEP VA PHAT TRI^N N6N G TH6N - Ki'1 THANG 8/2011 ^^