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trq cho hoat déng tiép xc chuyén 11ghiép_ ca céc
phéng vién. Né'u bién taip vién yéu céiu phéng
vién: “Hziy vié’t m<f)t béi thét hay vé ngénh héing
8 -
.
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tr1_.1'c quan cém tinh ban déiu dé'n SL_1' khém phé
triiu tuqng héa vé mang tinh 1}? thuyé't d6i v6'i
d6'i tuqng vé tiép theo - 121 mire bié’n n6 thémh
hinh tuqng sinh déng, phong phzi, cu thé hon (ké
cé hinh tuqrng righé thuét).
Céc phu'0rng phép th nhéft vii thtr hai khéc
nhau trLr6c hé't 6 mrc thém nhaflp séu V50 bén
ché't ca d6'i tuqng phén éxnh. Phuong phép thtr
nhé't c6 mnc dich xéc dinh céc déc tinh r6 réng
6 bén ngoéxi hién tuqng dé' thu nhén duqc nhfrng
théng tin ngéin ggn vé d6i tuqng (trong trudng
h<_)'p néy phéng vién phéi tréi ldi trLI6'c hé't céc
céu h6i: 6 déu, céxi gi véx khi néo déi xéy ra?). T60
d6 ti€§p nhén nhanh nhirng théng tin néxy cho
phép béo chi hién dai cc’) thé théng tin linh hoat
cho ban dgc vé céc sq kién théri sq néng h6i réit
quan trgng. Phu’o'ng phép thL’I hai g1'L’1p thém
nhép véo bin chéft ca céc hién tuqng, 151m séng
t6 nhfrng m6i quan hé qua lai bi che giéfu ca d6i
tu’(_mg phén ainh (trong trufing hqp nz31y,'tef1p hc_>'p
céc céu h6i mél phéng vién c§.n tr 1E>'i sé du’Q'c m6
rfang h0'I1 déng ké). VA nhu' vély diéu ch y€§u 6'
déy chinh 1:21 céch tié'p can nhng véln dé khéc
nhau trong phét trién xéi hcfai mfpt czich hiéu qué,
Li viéc phét hién vél chi ra nhfrng nguyén nhén,
diéu kién, khuynh hu6'ng phélt trién céc sq kién
vé tinh hu6ng, lélm 1'6 céc nén ting, m6 tip, céc
m6i quan tém, du dinh, héxnh déng ca céc lqc
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t6’i da 1u'qng théng tin démh cho déc gié.
Nhng £1/11 phéfm khéc 06 thé theo dui m1,1c
tiéu tuyéntruyén (vi dg nhu tuyén truyén chinh
tri, t6n gié0...). Dang thtr ba c6 thé dint ra cho
minh muc tiéu théng tin déiy d t6'i da vé khaich
quan cho ban dQc, xuft phét tir quan dié'm béo
chi 1&1 céng cu quan trgng nhéft ca hoat déng
théng tin dai chng, géin b6 truérc hé't v6i nh§ng
dbi héi cén bzin, vé tri thc ca ban dgc, lé céng
cu néng cao thm quyén xé héi ca ngu'6i dén, 151
dinh hu’c’ing X5 héi ca hp...
Téft nhién trong thuc t6, mét 5n phéim c6 thé'
theo du5i nhfrng mL_1c tiéu hé-'t sL'1’c khéc nhau.
Nhung bt luén thé' néo, céc mgc tiéu déu c6 taic
déng dé'n tinh chéft ca nhfrng déng téi sé xu:?1't
hién trén céc trang ca I16.
Nhfrng nhiém vg (muc tiéu) cu th§ 6' “héng
th’ hai” (hoélc vé thuc chéft chinh lé nhfng chrc
nzing saing 1:30) ca bzio chi, tuén th nhfrng chirc
néng (m1_1C tiéu) du'(_>'c ggi lé quy dinh sn ca n6
vii c6 m6'i lién hé gin b6 v6'i s1_1' nhén thfrc hién
thL_1’c ca ngLr<‘)'i phéng vién. Céc chirc néng d6 151:
- Xéy dying “m6 hinh” théng tin xéc djnh ca
hién tuqng du’<_)'c phén énh (tL'1'c 121 m6 té) 6
nhtrng mfrc 616 toém ve_>n khéc nhau;
- Thié't hip ceic m6’i quan hé nhén - qué;
- Xéc dinh tinh trang tu'0'ng lai ca hién tuqng
ducjc khéo sét (dq béo);
- Hinh thémh céc ChLl'O'I1g trinh, kéf hoach hénh
12
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Khi thqc hién céc chL'1'c nzing séng tao, phéng
vién sf! dung nhfrng phuorng phép nhén thtrc
hién thgrc khéc nhau. Céc phudng phép nay tao
nén ba nhém 16'n - 1:31 céc phu'o'ng phép kinh
nghiém (tu’ liéu), 1y thuyé’t v nghé thuélt.
Nhém that nhcft bao g5m tru’6c nhft 1221 céc
phudng phép tép hqp tu liéu (quan seit, trb
chuyén, phéng v2“1'n, lfam tu’1iéu...). '
Nhém tint hai g€§m nhfrng phudng phép nhafm
thfrc mang tinh 1y thuyé't chung (19 céc phudng
phép phén tich, t6ng h<_)'p, quy nap, dién dich, (so
sénh, lich sir, l6g1'c, giéi thié't...) vél nhrng phu'0'ng
phép chuyén m6n héa (t6'ng h(_>’p) dé hié'u tu Iiéu
tép hqp duqc dqa trén céc phudng phép 1;? thuyé't
chung khéc nhau (m6 téi, phén tich nguyén nhén
- két qué, dénh gié, du doén, Lip chuo'ng trinh).
Viéc ép dung céc phu'0'ng phép 13? thuyé't trong
khéo sét hién thqc c6 phéin nélo dé du'a béo chi
phén tich 1z_ai géin v6'i nhén thrc khoa hpc, nhung
khéng phéi 1:21 dénh dng chng véri nhau. -
Nhém that ba g5m céc phuong phép t6ng hqp
hinh mziu true quan dgra trén céc ceich lién tuéng,
tu6'ng tuqng séng tao, in du, hoén dg, hoat héa,
phép nghich hQ'P (tU0’ng phén néi tai), kiém 16i,
ngoa dg, khéi quét héa, cé tinh héa, v.v..
Ttr céc djnh nghia d6i tuqng, chrc néng,
phucmg phép néi trén, chng ta cé thé' di dé'n
nhfrng ké't luzin thé hién r6 tinh ché'tVcC1a céc thé
loai béo chi hién da-i nhu sau:
14
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